林草复合系统中杨树-紫花苜蓿间作对苜蓿生长发育及品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.016

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (5): 1182-1189.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.016

林草复合系统中杨树-紫花苜蓿间作对苜蓿生长发育及品质的影响

代元帅¹(), 鲁为华², 申磊¹, 王秀媛¹, 张文龙¹, 张伟¹()

1.石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子 832000
2.石河子大学动物科技学院,新疆石河子 832000

收稿日期:2024-01-25 出版日期:2024-05-20 发布日期:2024-07-09
通信作者: 张伟(1979-),男,甘肃人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为农田生态与生物多样性,(E-mail)bluesky2002040@163.com
作者简介:代元帅(1996-),男,河南人,硕士研究生,研究方向为耕作学与农业生态学,(E-mail)1424260483@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31460335);国家自然科学基金项目(31560376);国家牧草产业技术体系石河子综合试验站(CARS-34);中国博士后科学基金(2015M582737)

Effects of intercropping poplar-alfalfa on growth and quality of alfalfa in forest-grass compound system

DAI Yuanshuai¹(), LU Weihua², SHEN Lei¹, WANG Xiuyuan¹, ZHANG Wenlong¹, ZHANG Wei¹()

1. College of Agronomy, Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China
2. College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang 832000, China

Received:2024-01-25 Published:2024-05-20 Online:2024-07-09
Correspondence author: ZHANG Wei (1979-), male, Gansu,professor, research direction: farmland ecology and biodiversity,(E-mail)bluesky2002040@163.com
Supported by:
Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31460335);Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31560376);China Agriculture Research System(CARS-34);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2015M582737)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究杨树-苜蓿间作对紫花苜蓿生长发育及品质的影响,为新疆林草复合模式的可持续发展提供理论和技术依据。【方法】2018~2019年4月上旬至9月上旬,每隔15 d对紫花苜蓿进行采样,测定紫花苜蓿的农艺性状(株高、叶面积指数、茎叶比、茎粗、生长速度)及品质(粗蛋白、粗脂肪、饲用品质),并监测单作、间作紫花苜蓿田间微气候(空气温度、空气湿度、露点温度、风速)。【结果】间作苜蓿各项指标均显著低于单作,间作的干草总产量比单作低55.27%;单作紫花苜蓿的露点温度和风速分别比间作高70.68%、93.83%,但单作紫花苜蓿的空气湿度比间作低13.49%,空气温度无显著差异;间作紫花苜蓿的粗蛋白、粗脂肪和饲用品质分别比对应的单作高17.78%、12.33%和17.26%。【结论】杨树-紫花苜蓿间作能够改善农田微气候并显著提高紫花苜蓿的营养品质。

关键词: 杨树; 紫花苜蓿; 农艺性状; 饲用品质; 间作

Abstract:

【Objective】This experiment explored the influence of poplar-alfalfa intercropping on the growth, development and quality of alfalfa, so as to provide theoretical and technical basis for the sustainable development of forest and grass composite model in Xinjiang.【Methods】The experiment from 2018 to 2019, during the early April to September of every 15 days to sampling of alfalfa, determination of alfalfa agronomic traits (plant height, leaf area index, stem/leaf ratio, stem diameter, growth rate) and quality (crude protein, crude fat, forage quality), and the sole, intercropping alfalfa microclimate monitoring field (air temperature, air humidity and dew point temperature, wind speed) monitoring.【Results】The results showed that intercropped alfalfa was significantly lower than sole-cropped alfalfa in agronomic traits, and the total yield of intercropped alfalfa was 55.27% lower than that of sole-cropped alfalfa. The dew point temperature and wind speed of alfalfa monoculture were 70.68% and 93.83% higher than that of intercropping, but the air humidity of sole-cropped alfalfa was 13.49% lower than that of intercropped alfalfa, and there was no significant difference in air temperature. The crude protein, crude fat and forage quality of intercropping alfalfa were 17.78%, 12.33% and 17.26% higher than that of sole-cropped alfalfa.【Conclusion】The development of intercropping between forest and grass can improve the microclimate of farmland.

Key words: poplar; alfalfa; agronomic characters; feeding quality; intercropping

中图分类号:

代元帅, 鲁为华, 申磊, 王秀媛, 张文龙, 张伟. 林草复合系统中杨树-紫花苜蓿间作对苜蓿生长发育及品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(5): 1182-1189.

DAI Yuanshuai, LU Weihua, SHEN Lei, WANG Xiuyuan, ZHANG Wenlong, ZHANG Wei. Effects of intercropping poplar-alfalfa on growth and quality of alfalfa in forest-grass compound system[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(5): 1182-1189.

图/表 5

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茬次 Cutting	日期 Date(日/月)	生育时期 Growth stage	单作 Sole cropping	间作 Inter-cropping
第一茬 First cutting	22/4	返青期	4.52±0.33^a	4.12±0.76^a
	7/5	分枝期	11.32±1.28^a	10.53±1.86^a
	22/5	分枝期	15.41±1.18^a	12.23±2.11^b
	6/6	初花期(刈割)	19.63±1.81^a	16.78±2.75^b
第二茬 Second cutting	21/6	再生	4.52±0.36^a	4.62±0.83^a
	6/7	分枝期	7.58±0.44^a	5.66±1.31^b
	21/7	初花期(刈割)	12.65±2.34^a	9.69±1.77^b
第三茬 Third cutting	5/8	再生	4.13±0.56^a	3.13±0.37^b
	20/8	分枝期	8.26±1.52^a	5.63±1.55^b
	4/9	初花期(刈割)	11.71±2.51^a	8.06±2.38^b

茬次 Cutting	日期 Date(日/月)	生育时期 Growth stage	单作 Sole cropping	间作 Inter-cropping
第一茬 First cutting	22/4	返青期	4.52±0.33^a	4.12±0.76^a
	7/5	分枝期	11.32±1.28^a	10.53±1.86^a
	22/5	分枝期	15.41±1.18^a	12.23±2.11^b
	6/6	初花期(刈割)	19.63±1.81^a	16.78±2.75^b
第二茬 Second cutting	21/6	再生	4.52±0.36^a	4.62±0.83^a
	6/7	分枝期	7.58±0.44^a	5.66±1.31^b
	21/7	初花期(刈割)	12.65±2.34^a	9.69±1.77^b
第三茬 Third cutting	5/8	再生	4.13±0.56^a	3.13±0.37^b
	20/8	分枝期	8.26±1.52^a	5.63±1.55^b
	4/9	初花期(刈割)	11.71±2.51^a	8.06±2.38^b

处理 Treatments	株高 Plant height (cm)			茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)			茎叶比 Stem/leaf			生长速度 Growth rate (kg/hm²·d)
处理 Treatments	第一茬 1 st cut	第二茬 2 nd cut	第三茬 3 rd cut	第一茬 1 st cut	第二茬 2 nd cut	第三茬 3 rd cut	第一茬 1 st cut	第二茬 2 nd cut	第三茬 3 rd cut	第一茬 1 st cut	第二茬 2 nd cut	第三茬 3 rd cut
单作 Sole cropping	81.32±2.93^a	86.63±1.23^a	76.98±3.03^a	2.37±0.03^a	3.11±0.05^a	3.02±0.01^a	1.12±0.13^a	1.26±0.02^a	0.87±0.08^a	156.12±9.83^a	155.65±8.32^a	82.83±5.32^a
间作 Inter-cropping	72.11±3.31^b	81.66±2.51^a	64.82±3.23^b	2.18±0.02^a	2.41±0.03^b	2.23±0.01^b	1.09±0.16^a	1.18±0.11^a	0.82±0.02^a	153.74±7.62^a	150.37±8.63^a	75.60±3.64^b

处理 Treatments	株高 Plant height (cm)			茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)			茎叶比 Stem/leaf			生长速度 Growth rate (kg/hm²·d)
处理 Treatments	第一茬 1 st cut	第二茬 2 nd cut	第三茬 3 rd cut	第一茬 1 st cut	第二茬 2 nd cut	第三茬 3 rd cut	第一茬 1 st cut	第二茬 2 nd cut	第三茬 3 rd cut	第一茬 1 st cut	第二茬 2 nd cut	第三茬 3 rd cut
单作 Sole cropping	81.32±2.93^a	86.63±1.23^a	76.98±3.03^a	2.37±0.03^a	3.11±0.05^a	3.02±0.01^a	1.12±0.13^a	1.26±0.02^a	0.87±0.08^a	156.12±9.83^a	155.65±8.32^a	82.83±5.32^a
间作 Inter-cropping	72.11±3.31^b	81.66±2.51^a	64.82±3.23^b	2.18±0.02^a	2.41±0.03^b	2.23±0.01^b	1.09±0.16^a	1.18±0.11^a	0.82±0.02^a	153.74±7.62^a	150.37±8.63^a	75.60±3.64^b

处理 Treatments	茬次 Cuts	粗蛋白 Crude protein	粗脂肪 Crude fat	中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fiber	酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fiber	饲用品质 Relative feed value
单作 Sole cropping	第一茬	17.21±0.74^a	1.54±0.23^a	42.83±1.54^a	31.57±1.56^a	139.67±6.74^a
	第二茬	15.51±0.61^a	1.48±0.10^a	44.25±0.87^a	33.51±1.24^a	132.01±4.27^a
	第三茬	15.03±0.43^a	1.44±0.20^a	43.69±1.28^a	32.22±1.89^a	135.84±4.95^a
间作 Inter-cropping	第一茬	20.33±0.82^b	1.78±0.14^b	38.32±1.31^b	29.21±2.01^b	160.57±5.79^b
	第二茬	18.24±0.71^b	1.61±0.17^b	38.12±1.49^b	30.83±1.61^b	158.33±9.23^b
	第三茬	17.68±0.65^b	1.62±0.15^b	37.88±1.44^b	31.03±1.81^b	158.95±6.59^b

林草复合系统中杨树-紫花苜蓿间作对苜蓿生长发育及品质的影响

Effects of intercropping poplar-alfalfa on growth and quality of alfalfa in forest-grass compound system

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