不同水氮处理对紫花苜蓿生长发育、品质及水肥利用效率的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同水氮处理对紫花苜蓿生长发育、品质及水肥利用效率的影响,为科学制定适合新疆紫花苜蓿的水肥合理施用提供参考。【方法】采用大田试验,设置3种灌溉梯度,记作W₁(3 750 m³/hm²)、W₂(4 500 m³/hm²)、W₃(5150 m³/hm²),5种施氮梯度,记作N₀(0 kg/hm²)、N₁(90 kg/hm²)、N₂(150 kg/hm²)、N₃(210 kg/hm²)、N₄(270 kg/hm²),每个处理重复3次,分析不同水氮处理对紫花苜蓿生长、品质及水肥利用效率的影响。【结果】适宜的水氮处理能显著促进紫花苜蓿的生长发育与产量的提高,苜蓿的株高随施氮量的增加呈先增后减的趋势。水氮协同作用下以W₂N₃的产量最高。灌溉量、施氮量和水氮交互对紫花苜蓿粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、粗灰分具有显著影响。不同水氮处理对紫花苜蓿植株含氮量、氮吸收量、氮肥偏生产力、氮素利用率、氮肥农学效率及水分利用效率均有不同程度的影响,W₂N₃处理下综合得分均最高。【结论】不同水氮处理均对紫花苜蓿的生长发育、品质及水氮利用效率有一定影响,水氮处理组合W₂N₃(灌溉量4 500 m³/hm²、施氮量150 kg/hm²)效果最佳。

关键词: 紫花苜蓿; 水氮互作; 营养品质; 水肥利用效率

Abstract:

【Objective】 This paper investigates thoroughly the effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on the growth, quality and water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of alfalfa, and provides reference for the scientific formulation of a rational application of water and fertilizer management system suitable for alfalfa in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 A field experiment was conducted with three irrigation gradients as W₁ (3,750 m³/hm²), W₂ (4,500 m³/hm²) and W₃ (5,150 m³/hm²) and five nitrogen application gradients as N₀ (0 kg/hm²), N₁ (90 kg/hm²), N₂ (150 kg/hm²), N₃ (210 kg/hm²) and N₄ (270 kg/hm²), and each treatment was replicated three times to study the effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on the growth, quality and water and fertilizer utilization efficiency of alfalfa. 【Results】 Suitable water and nitrogen treatments significantly promoted the growth and yield of alfalfa, and the plant height of alfalfa showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with the increase of nitrogen application. The highest yield was obtained with W₂N₃ under the synergistic effect of water and nitrogen. Irrigation, N application and water-N interaction had significant effects on crude protein, crude fat content, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and crude ash of alfalfa. There were different effects on nitrogen content, nitrogen uptake, nitrogen fertilizer bias productivity, nitrogen utilization, nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency and water use efficiency of alfalfa plants. The combined scores showed that the highest combined scores were all under W₂N₃ treatment. 【Conclusion】 Different water and nitrogen treatments all had certain effects on the growth, quality and water and nitrogen utilization efficiency of alfalfa, and W₂N₃ (irrigation volume of 4,500 m³/hm² and nitrogen application rate of 150 kg/hm²) under water and nitrogen treatments has the best effect.

Key words: alfalfa; water and nitrogen intercropping; nutrient quality; water and fertilizer use efficiency

中图分类号:

S541

孙萌, 颜安, 李靖言, 卢前成, 范君, 孙哲, 袁以琳. 不同水氮处理对紫花苜蓿生长发育、品质及水肥利用效率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(6): 1512-1526.

SUN Meng, YAN An, LI Jingyan, LU Qiancheng, FAN Jun, SUN Zhe, YUAN Yilin. Effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on growth, quality and water and fertilizer use efficiency of alfalfa[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(6): 1512-1526.

图/表 19

参考文献 25

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处理 Treatments	因素Factor		灌溉量 Irrigation volume (m³/hm²)	施氮量 (N-P-K) Nitrogen rate (kg/hm²)
处理 Treatments	灌水梯度 Irrigation gradient	氮水平 Nitrogen level	灌溉量 Irrigation volume (m³/hm²)	施氮量 (N-P-K) Nitrogen rate (kg/hm²)
W₁N₀	W₁	N₀		0-0-0
W₁N₁		N₁		90-90-0
W₁N₂		N₂	3 750	150-90-0
W₁N₃		N₃		210-90-0
W₁N₄		N₄		270-90-0
W₂N₀	W₂	N₀		0-0-0
W₂N₁		N₁		90-90-0
W₂N₂		N₂	4 500	150-90-0
W₂N₃		N₃		210-90-0
W₂N₄		N₄		270-90-0
W₃N₀	W₃	N₀		0-0-0
W₃N₁		N₁		90-90-0
W₃N₂		N₂	5 150	150-90-0
W₃N₃		N₃		210-90-0
W₃N₄		N₄		270-90-0

处理 Treatments	因素Factor		灌溉量 Irrigation volume (m³/hm²)	施氮量 (N-P-K) Nitrogen rate (kg/hm²)
处理 Treatments	灌水梯度 Irrigation gradient	氮水平 Nitrogen level	灌溉量 Irrigation volume (m³/hm²)	施氮量 (N-P-K) Nitrogen rate (kg/hm²)
W₁N₀	W₁	N₀		0-0-0
W₁N₁		N₁		90-90-0
W₁N₂		N₂	3 750	150-90-0
W₁N₃		N₃		210-90-0
W₁N₄		N₄		270-90-0
W₂N₀	W₂	N₀		0-0-0
W₂N₁		N₁		90-90-0
W₂N₂		N₂	4 500	150-90-0
W₂N₃		N₃		210-90-0
W₂N₄		N₄		270-90-0
W₃N₀	W₃	N₀		0-0-0
W₃N₁		N₁		90-90-0
W₃N₂		N₂	5 150	150-90-0
W₃N₃		N₃		210-90-0
W₃N₄		N₄		270-90-0

处理 Treatments	因素Factor			株高Plant height(cm)
处理 Treatments	灌水梯度 Irrigation gradient		氮水平 Nitrogen level	分枝期 Branching stage		孕蕾期 Embryonic stage		现蕾期 Budding stage		初花期 Primary florescence
W₁N₀			N₀	36.62±0.59^e		51.86±0.91^h		63.82±1.85^efg		65.18±1.42^g
W₁N₁			N₁	41.28±0.88^cd		56.18±2.87^g		73.74±1.81^abc		75.48±0.95^cd
W₁N₂	W₁		N₂	44.36±1.01^ab		62.06±1.13^ef		73.74±1.14^abc		75.02±1.99^cd
W₁N₃			N₃	43.68±2.98^bc		64.66±2.70^de		74.36±0.88^ab		75.24±1.03^cd
W₁N₄			N₄	42.66±1.30^bc		67.32±3.93^bcd		66.32±1.77^d		76.92±4.9^c
W₂N₀			N₀	41.86±1.61^bcd		60.38±1.13^f		65.18±2.38^de		65.90±1.18^g
W₂N₁			N₁	42.70±2.41^bc		61.36±0.66^f		72.26±2.01^bc		72.48±2.03^de
W₂N₂	W₂		N₂	46.14±2.18^a		69.42±2.16^b		73.38±1.88^abc		81.94±0.85^b
W₂N₃			N₃	46.48±1.25^a		71.94±2.21^a		74.86±1.21^a		86.82±3.99^a
W₂N₄			N₄	42.14±2.06^bcd		68.48±2.53^bc		72.94±0.81^abc		81.60±0.69^b
W₃N₀			N₀	39.68±0.68^d		62.82±1.36^de		64.46±2.60^de		69.00±2.28^f
W₃N₁			N₁	41.26±2.73^cd		64.50±0.80^de		64.56±2.50^de		72.46±2.11^de
W₃N₂	W₃		N₂	41.36±1.69^cd		71.56±1.15^a		71.94±1.31^bc		74.90±2.46^cd
W₃N₃			N₃	43.04±1.66^bc		65.80±3.03^cd		66.44±1.73^d		76.58±2.258^c
W₃N₄			N₄	41.82±1.49^bcd		64.92±1.67^de		62.26±1.22^g		70.88±2.29^ef
显著性ANOVA Significance
W		*			*		*		*
N		*			*		*		*
W×N		*			*		*		*

处理 Treatments	因素Factor			株高Plant height(cm)
处理 Treatments	灌水梯度 Irrigation gradient		氮水平 Nitrogen level	分枝期 Branching stage		孕蕾期 Embryonic stage		现蕾期 Budding stage		初花期 Primary florescence
W₁N₀			N₀	36.62±0.59^e		51.86±0.91^h		63.82±1.85^efg		65.18±1.42^g
W₁N₁			N₁	41.28±0.88^cd		56.18±2.87^g		73.74±1.81^abc		75.48±0.95^cd
W₁N₂	W₁		N₂	44.36±1.01^ab		62.06±1.13^ef		73.74±1.14^abc		75.02±1.99^cd
W₁N₃			N₃	43.68±2.98^bc		64.66±2.70^de		74.36±0.88^ab		75.24±1.03^cd
W₁N₄			N₄	42.66±1.30^bc		67.32±3.93^bcd		66.32±1.77^d		76.92±4.9^c
W₂N₀			N₀	41.86±1.61^bcd		60.38±1.13^f		65.18±2.38^de		65.90±1.18^g
W₂N₁			N₁	42.70±2.41^bc		61.36±0.66^f		72.26±2.01^bc		72.48±2.03^de
W₂N₂	W₂		N₂	46.14±2.18^a		69.42±2.16^b		73.38±1.88^abc		81.94±0.85^b
W₂N₃			N₃	46.48±1.25^a		71.94±2.21^a		74.86±1.21^a		86.82±3.99^a
W₂N₄			N₄	42.14±2.06^bcd		68.48±2.53^bc		72.94±0.81^abc		81.60±0.69^b
W₃N₀			N₀	39.68±0.68^d		62.82±1.36^de		64.46±2.60^de		69.00±2.28^f
W₃N₁			N₁	41.26±2.73^cd		64.50±0.80^de		64.56±2.50^de		72.46±2.11^de
W₃N₂	W₃		N₂	41.36±1.69^cd		71.56±1.15^a		71.94±1.31^bc		74.90±2.46^cd
W₃N₃			N₃	43.04±1.66^bc		65.80±3.03^cd		66.44±1.73^d		76.58±2.258^c
W₃N₄			N₄	41.82±1.49^bcd		64.92±1.67^de		62.26±1.22^g		70.88±2.29^ef
显著性ANOVA Significance
W		*			*		*		*
N		*			*		*		*
W×N		*			*		*		*

处理 Treatments	因素 Factor			茎粗 Stem diameter(mm)
处理 Treatments	灌水梯度 Irrigation gradient		氮水平 Nitrogen level	分枝期 Branching stage		孕蕾期 Embryonic stage		现蕾期 Budding stage		初花期 Primary florescence
W₁N₀			N₀	1.47±0.24^d		2.08±0.16^g		2.20±0.18^e		2.38±0.27^fg
W₁N₁			N₁	2.16±0.10^bc		2.29±0.30^efg		2.55±0.40^cde		3.13±0.32abcd
W₁N₂	W₁		N₂	2.23±0.31^abc		2.51±0.11^def		2.53±0.22^def		3.26±0.69^a
W₁N₃			N₃	2.26±0.41^abc		2.56±0.21^def		2.69±0.22^bcde		3.17±0.47^abc
W₁N₄			N₄	2.55±0.35^a		2.81±0.26^abcd		3.22±0.53^ab		3.24±0.24^a
W₂N₀			N₀	2.09±0.21^bc		2.23±0.25^fg		2.45±0.21^e		2.26±0.11^fg
W₂N₁			N₁	1.96±0.59^cd		2.57±0.29^cdef		2.69±0.20^cde		2.87±0.49^abc
W₂N₂	W₂		N₂	2.36±0.33^abc		2.67±0.40^cde		2.93±0.22^abcd		3.30±0.32^a
W₂N₃			N₃	2.04±0.35^bc		2.92±0.33^ab		3.08±0.17^abcd		3.28±0.38^a
W₂N₄			N₄	1.96±0.59^cd		3.05±0.30^a		3.08±0.55^abc		3.34±0.25^a
W₃N₀			N₀	2.25±0.42^abc		2.39±0.15^efg		2.45±0.23^e		2.66±0.28^fg
W₃N₁			N₁	2.04±0.27^bc		2.83±0.26^bcde		2.88±0.10^abc		3.21±0.40^ab
W₃N₂	W₃		N₂	2.13±0.45^bc		2.52±0.30^bcd		2.91±0.20^cde		2.99±0.25^abcd
W₃N₃			N₃	1.90±0.55^cd		2.61±0.34^cde		2.91±0.28^cde		3.13±0.07^a
W₃N₄			N₄	2.09±0.52^bc		2.71±0.25^bcde		3.09±0.32^a		3.25±0.17^ab
显著性ANOVA Significance
W		ns			*		ns		*
N		ns			*		*		*
W×N		*			*		*		ns