添加糖蜜对棉秆微贮品质及有氧稳定性的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.03.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】分析添加不同水平糖蜜对棉秆微贮发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响,为生产实践提供参考。【方法】采用单因素试验设计,共6个处理,即糖蜜添加0%(对照组)、2%、3%、4%、5%、6%,添加比例以鲜重为基础。发酵第0、7、15、30、60 d取样,分析各处理发酵品质和营养品质,测定60 d开窖后各处理有氧稳定性。【结果】发酵60 d后,添加5%、6%糖蜜处理pH为4.2、4.18,氨态氮/总氮为68.99、71.40 g/kg TN,均显著低于其它处理(P<0.05),且二者差异不显著(P>0.05);添加5%、6%糖蜜处理WSC含量为21.51、23.47 g/kg DM,乳酸含量为29.19、30.37 g/kg FM,显著高于其它处理(P<0.05),且二者差异不显著(P>0.05);添加5%糖蜜有氧稳定性显著高于其它处理(P<0.05),达80 h。【结论】添加糖蜜能有效提高发酵品质,改善发酵特性,糖蜜添加量为5%。

关键词: 棉秆微贮; 糖蜜; 发酵品质; 营养品质; 有氧稳定性

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aims to analyze the effects of adding different levels of molasses on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of cotton stalk micro-storage with a view to providing reference for production practice.【Methods】 The experiment was performed using a single factor experimental design with a total of 6 treatments, namely molasses added to 0% (control group), 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, and the added ratio was based on fresh weight.When sampled at the 0 th, 7 th, 15 th, 30 th and 60 th d of fermentation, the fermentation quality and nutritional quality of each treatment were analyzed, and the aerobic stability of each treatment was determined after 60 d of opening the pit.【Results】 Research showed that after 60 days of fermentation, the pH values of 5% and 6% molasses were 4.2 and 4.18, ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen was 68.99, 71.40 g/kg TN, which were significantly lower than other treatments (P<0.05), and the difference between the two was not significant (P>0.05); The content of WSC treated with 5% and 6% molasses was 21.51 and 23.47 g/kg DM, the lactic acid content was 29.19, 30.37 g/kg FM, significantly higher than other treatments (P<0.05), and the difference between the two was not significant (P>0.05); The aerobic stability of adding 5% molasses was significantly higher than other treatments (P<0.05), up to 80 h.【Conclusion】 Adding molasses can effectively increase fermentation quality and improve fermentation characteristics.The ecommended amount of molasses is 5%.

Key words: cotton stalk micro-storage; molasses; fermentation quality; nutritional quality; aerobic stability

中图分类号:

S562

徐鹏飞, 王旭哲, 杨寒珺, 黄星宇, 付东青, $鲁为华$ , 孙新文. 添加糖蜜对棉秆微贮品质及有氧稳定性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(3): 715-726.

XU Pengfei, WANG Xuzhe, YANG Hanjun, HUANG Xingyu, FU Dongqing, $LU Weihua$ , SUN Xinwen. Effects of Adding Molasses on the Micro-Storage Quality and Aerobic Stability of Cotton Stalks[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(3): 715-726.

图/表 6

参考文献 34

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测定项目 Items	棉花秸秆 Cotton straw
干物质 Dry matter (% FW)	33.56±2.18
粗蛋白 Crude protein (% DM)	7.95±0.01
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fibre (% DM)	73.67±0.55
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fibre (% DM)	54.34±1.05
粗灰分 Crude ash (% DM)	7.20±0.10
可溶性碳水化合物 Water-soluble carbohydrate (% DM)	16.82±0.23
游离棉酚 Free gossypol (mg/kg)	279.2±5.32
pH值pH value	5.80±0.1
乳酸Lactic acid (g/kg FM)	0.63±0.81
乙酸Acetic acid (g/kg FM)	2.26±1.21
丙酸Propionic acid (g/kg FM)	0.25±0.06
丁酸Butyric acid (g/kg FM)	-
氨态氮/总氮 AN/TN (g/kg TN)	20.21±5.02

测定项目 Items	棉花秸秆 Cotton straw
干物质 Dry matter (% FW)	33.56±2.18
粗蛋白 Crude protein (% DM)	7.95±0.01
中性洗涤纤维 Neutral detergent fibre (% DM)	73.67±0.55
酸性洗涤纤维 Acid detergent fibre (% DM)	54.34±1.05
粗灰分 Crude ash (% DM)	7.20±0.10
可溶性碳水化合物 Water-soluble carbohydrate (% DM)	16.82±0.23
游离棉酚 Free gossypol (mg/kg)	279.2±5.32
pH值pH value	5.80±0.1
乳酸Lactic acid (g/kg FM)	0.63±0.81
乙酸Acetic acid (g/kg FM)	2.26±1.21
丙酸Propionic acid (g/kg FM)	0.25±0.06
丁酸Butyric acid (g/kg FM)	-
氨态氮/总氮 AN/TN (g/kg TN)	20.21±5.02

测定项目 Items		微贮天数 Micro storage days (d)		糖蜜处理 Molasses treatments
测定项目 Items		微贮天数 Micro storage days (d)		CK		A		B		C		D		E
pH 值 pH value		0		5.80±0.10^bcA		6.00±1.21^aA		5.84±0.01^bA		5.75±0.01^cA		5.96±0.01^aA		5.88±0.02^bA
		7		4.93±0.02^aB		4.80±0.01^bB		4.79±0.03^bB		4.58±0.04^cB		4.49±0.02^dB		4.48±0.03^dB
		15		4.84±0.01^aC		4.77±0.05^bBC		4.66±0.01^cC		4.57±0.06^dB		4.40±0.01^eB		4.37±0.01^eC
		30		4.85±0.02^aBC		4.7±0.02^bCD		4.69±0.03^bD		4.5±0.01^cC		4.35±0.03^dC		4.34±0.05^dCD
		60		4.72±0.01^aC		4.52±0.02^bE		4.40±2.04^bE		4.31±1.03^cC		4.21±1.02^dC		4.18±0.02^dD
乳酸 Lactic acid (g/kg FM)		0		0.63±0.81^aD		0.73±0.24^aC		0.71±0.23^aB		0.70±0.24^aC		0.71±0.46^aC		0.72±0.45^aC
		7		20.63±2.58^cC		20.34±0.53^cB		23.50±5.12^bA		23.14±1.72^bB		25.01±2.3^abB		30.86 ± 2.36^aB
		15		24.45±1.69^cB		22.33±2.80^cB		26.06±1.47^bA		25.66±1.98^bA		31.43±2.47^aA		33.90±2.45^aA
		30		25.91±0.55^cA		27.34±3.21^bA		27.43±0.27^bA		28.09±7.12^baA		29.84±4.45^aAB		30.25±1.67^aB
		60		25.67±0.23^cAB		26.44±3.15^bA		26.77±0.33^bA		27.16±2.46^bA		29.19±1.06^aAB		30.37±4.05^aB
乙酸 Acetic acid (g/kg FM)		0		2.26±0.05^aD		2.16±0.02^bD		2.14±0.06^bD		2.11±0.02^bD		2.15±0.04^bD		2.01±0.04^cC
		7		4.57±0.02^aC		4.25±0.05^bC		3.92±1.21^cC		3.73±0.11^cdC		3.61±4.25^dC		3.56±0.02^dB
		15		6.51±2.43^aB		5.61±0.33^abC		5.11±0.31^bC		4.58±3.26^bC		4.50±0.07^bC		4.57±0.98^bB
		30		8.79±0.12^aB		8.24±0.12^bB		7.90±0.12^cB		7.80±1.12^cB		7.79±1.24^bcAB		7.47±3.15^dA
		60		11.13±0.21^aA		10.68±0.20^bA		10.14±4.15^cA		9.89±0.19^cA		9.20±0.18^dA		9.53±0.19^dA
丙酸 Propionic acid (g/kg FM)		0		0.25±0.06^aC		0.21±0.04^aC		0.21±1.25^aC		0.23±1.32^aC		0.24±0.52^aB		0.25±0.19^aB
		7		0.37±2.20^aB		0.34±1.03^aB		0.27±0.06^bBC		0.27±0.01^bB		0.26±0.06^bB		0.25±0.11^bB
		15		0.54±0.08^aAB		0.29±0.14^bB		0.36±3.16^bB		0.32±1.12^bAB		0.31±3.08^bA		0.31±0.01^bA
		30		0.66±0.12^aA		0.51±0.05^bA		0.39±2.56^bcAB		0.38±0.03^bcA		0.36±0.07^cA		0.31±1.05^cA
		60		0.75±0.06^aA		0.49±1.25^bA		0.43±0.06^bcA		0.28±0.05^dB		0.35±0.09^cdA		0.33±0.5^cdA
丁酸 Butyric acid (g/kg FM)		0		-		-		-		-		-		-
		7		-		-		-		-		-		-
		15		-		-		-		-		-		-
		30		-		-		-		-		-		-
		60		0.31±0.03^a		0.25±0.05^b		0.20±0.04^b		0.13±2.13^c		0.07±0.02^c		0.11±1.28^c
测定项目 Items	微贮天数 Micro storage days (d)		糖蜜处理 Molasses treatments
测定项目 Items	微贮天数 Micro storage days (d)		CK		A		B		C		D		E
乳酸/乙酸 Lactic acid/ Acetic acid	0		0.32±0.32^bE		0.34±0.04^abE		0.35±1.23^aC		0.33±0.05^abC		0.34±0.13^abC		0.35±0.02^aC
	7		4.51±0.58^dA		4.78±0.17^cdA		6.02±2.47^bcdA		6.21±0.64^bcA		6.96±1.06^bA		8.67±0.71^aA
	15		3.76±0.25^cB		3.99±0.23^cB		5.10±0.25^bA		5.92±3.14^bA		7.18±2.13^aA		7.52±0.43^aA
	30		3.09±0.10^cC		3.26±0.43^bC		3.28±5.14^bB		3.38±0.26^bB		3.74±0.67^abB		4.04±0.12^aB
	60		2.30±0.04^cD		2.63±0.12^bD		2.69±1.23^bB		2.77±0.05^bB		3.01±0.98^aB		3.30±3.56^aB
氨态氮/总氮 AN/TN (g/kg TN)	0		20.21±5.02^aE		15.78±2.13^abD		15.99±1.32^abD		17.52±2.51^abD		18.93±2.48^abD		14.46±1.23^bD
	7		55.40±6.36^aD		45.91±2.29^bC		46.71±4.78^bC		38.94±1.76^bcC		34.89±0.12^cC		31.57±0.59^dC
	15		78.90±1.44^aC		58.94±2.15^bBC		56.70±1.25^bBC		51.88±0.43^cBC		45.66±2.16^dB		47.06±1.81^dBC
	30		100.52±4.61^aB		69.70±22.34^bAB		67.21±16.79^bAB		65.86±0.40^bAB		61.98±1.05^cA		59.07±2.62^cAB
	60		135.15±5.24^aA		84.81±1.11^bA		80.06±3.10^bA		77.57±0.99^bA		68.99±0.71^cA		71.40±1.13^cA
可溶性碳水化合物 WSC (g/kg DM)	0		16.82±0.23^eA		46.27±0.34^dA		50.25±0.67^cdA		54.93±8.50^bcA		58.49±0.04^abA		63.96±0.19^aA
	7		14.76±0.24^eAB		34.43±0.36^dBA		40.58±0.68^cA		43.99±7.56^bcB		47.82±0.12^abB		50.67±1.24^aB
	15		11.47±1.67^bBC		23.23±1.58^abBC		27.79±0.15^aB		29.16±1.82^aC		33.34±1.30^aC		36.21±17.80^aC
	30		8.67±0.83^dC		12.84±0.29^dC		17.68±3.47^cBC		25.21±1.50^bCD		28.32±3.24^abDC		32.33±3.49^aC
	60		3.77±0.73^dD		6.13±2.21^cdC		8.37±0.22^cC		20.31±2.25^bD		21.51±0.23^abD		23.47±1.81^aD

测定项目 Items		微贮天数 Micro storage days (d)		糖蜜处理 Molasses treatments
测定项目 Items		微贮天数 Micro storage days (d)		CK		A		B		C		D		E
pH 值 pH value		0		5.80±0.10^bcA		6.00±1.21^aA		5.84±0.01^bA		5.75±0.01^cA		5.96±0.01^aA		5.88±0.02^bA
		7		4.93±0.02^aB		4.80±0.01^bB		4.79±0.03^bB		4.58±0.04^cB		4.49±0.02^dB		4.48±0.03^dB
		15		4.84±0.01^aC		4.77±0.05^bBC		4.66±0.01^cC		4.57±0.06^dB		4.40±0.01^eB		4.37±0.01^eC
		30		4.85±0.02^aBC		4.7±0.02^bCD		4.69±0.03^bD		4.5±0.01^cC		4.35±0.03^dC		4.34±0.05^dCD
		60		4.72±0.01^aC		4.52±0.02^bE		4.40±2.04^bE		4.31±1.03^cC		4.21±1.02^dC		4.18±0.02^dD
乳酸 Lactic acid (g/kg FM)		0		0.63±0.81^aD		0.73±0.24^aC		0.71±0.23^aB		0.70±0.24^aC		0.71±0.46^aC		0.72±0.45^aC
		7		20.63±2.58^cC		20.34±0.53^cB		23.50±5.12^bA		23.14±1.72^bB		25.01±2.3^abB		30.86 ± 2.36^aB
		15		24.45±1.69^cB		22.33±2.80^cB		26.06±1.47^bA		25.66±1.98^bA		31.43±2.47^aA		33.90±2.45^aA
		30		25.91±0.55^cA		27.34±3.21^bA		27.43±0.27^bA		28.09±7.12^baA		29.84±4.45^aAB		30.25±1.67^aB
		60		25.67±0.23^cAB		26.44±3.15^bA		26.77±0.33^bA		27.16±2.46^bA		29.19±1.06^aAB		30.37±4.05^aB
乙酸 Acetic acid (g/kg FM)		0		2.26±0.05^aD		2.16±0.02^bD		2.14±0.06^bD		2.11±0.02^bD		2.15±0.04^bD		2.01±0.04^cC
		7		4.57±0.02^aC		4.25±0.05^bC		3.92±1.21^cC		3.73±0.11^cdC		3.61±4.25^dC		3.56±0.02^dB
		15		6.51±2.43^aB		5.61±0.33^abC		5.11±0.31^bC		4.58±3.26^bC		4.50±0.07^bC		4.57±0.98^bB
		30		8.79±0.12^aB		8.24±0.12^bB		7.90±0.12^cB		7.80±1.12^cB		7.79±1.24^bcAB		7.47±3.15^dA
		60		11.13±0.21^aA		10.68±0.20^bA		10.14±4.15^cA		9.89±0.19^cA		9.20±0.18^dA		9.53±0.19^dA
丙酸 Propionic acid (g/kg FM)		0		0.25±0.06^aC		0.21±0.04^aC		0.21±1.25^aC		0.23±1.32^aC		0.24±0.52^aB		0.25±0.19^aB
		7		0.37±2.20^aB		0.34±1.03^aB		0.27±0.06^bBC		0.27±0.01^bB		0.26±0.06^bB		0.25±0.11^bB
		15		0.54±0.08^aAB		0.29±0.14^bB		0.36±3.16^bB		0.32±1.12^bAB		0.31±3.08^bA		0.31±0.01^bA
		30		0.66±0.12^aA		0.51±0.05^bA		0.39±2.56^bcAB		0.38±0.03^bcA		0.36±0.07^cA		0.31±1.05^cA
		60		0.75±0.06^aA		0.49±1.25^bA		0.43±0.06^bcA		0.28±0.05^dB		0.35±0.09^cdA		0.33±0.5^cdA
丁酸 Butyric acid (g/kg FM)		0		-		-		-		-		-		-
		7		-		-		-		-		-		-
		15		-		-		-		-		-		-
		30		-		-		-		-		-		-
		60		0.31±0.03^a		0.25±0.05^b		0.20±0.04^b		0.13±2.13^c		0.07±0.02^c		0.11±1.28^c
测定项目 Items	微贮天数 Micro storage days (d)		糖蜜处理 Molasses treatments
测定项目 Items	微贮天数 Micro storage days (d)		CK		A		B		C		D		E
乳酸/乙酸 Lactic acid/ Acetic acid	0		0.32±0.32^bE		0.34±0.04^abE		0.35±1.23^aC		0.33±0.05^abC		0.34±0.13^abC		0.35±0.02^aC
	7		4.51±0.58^dA		4.78±0.17^cdA		6.02±2.47^bcdA		6.21±0.64^bcA		6.96±1.06^bA		8.67±0.71^aA
	15		3.76±0.25^cB		3.99±0.23^cB		5.10±0.25^bA		5.92±3.14^bA		7.18±2.13^aA		7.52±0.43^aA
	30		3.09±0.10^cC		3.26±0.43^bC		3.28±5.14^bB		3.38±0.26^bB		3.74±0.67^abB		4.04±0.12^aB
	60		2.30±0.04^cD		2.63±0.12^bD		2.69±1.23^bB		2.77±0.05^bB		3.01±0.98^aB		3.30±3.56^aB
氨态氮/总氮 AN/TN (g/kg TN)	0		20.21±5.02^aE		15.78±2.13^abD		15.99±1.32^abD		17.52±2.51^abD		18.93±2.48^abD		14.46±1.23^bD
	7		55.40±6.36^aD		45.91±2.29^bC		46.71±4.78^bC		38.94±1.76^bcC		34.89±0.12^cC		31.57±0.59^dC
	15		78.90±1.44^aC		58.94±2.15^bBC		56.70±1.25^bBC		51.88±0.43^cBC		45.66±2.16^dB		47.06±1.81^dBC
	30		100.52±4.61^aB		69.70±22.34^bAB		67.21±16.79^bAB		65.86±0.40^bAB		61.98±1.05^cA		59.07±2.62^cAB
	60		135.15±5.24^aA		84.81±1.11^bA		80.06±3.10^bA		77.57±0.99^bA		68.99±0.71^cA		71.40±1.13^cA
可溶性碳水化合物 WSC (g/kg DM)	0		16.82±0.23^eA		46.27±0.34^dA		50.25±0.67^cdA		54.93±8.50^bcA		58.49±0.04^abA		63.96±0.19^aA
	7		14.76±0.24^eAB		34.43±0.36^dBA		40.58±0.68^cA		43.99±7.56^bcB		47.82±0.12^abB		50.67±1.24^aB
	15		11.47±1.67^bBC		23.23±1.58^abBC		27.79±0.15^aB		29.16±1.82^aC		33.34±1.30^aC		36.21±17.80^aC
	30		8.67±0.83^dC		12.84±0.29^dC		17.68±3.47^cBC		25.21±1.50^bCD		28.32±3.24^abDC		32.33±3.49^aC
	60		3.77±0.73^dD		6.13±2.21^cdC		8.37±0.22^cC		20.31±2.25^bD		21.51±0.23^abD		23.47±1.81^aD

测定项目 Items	微贮天数 Micro storage days (d)	糖蜜处理 Molasses treatments
测定项目 Items	微贮天数 Micro storage days (d)	CK	A	B	C	D	E
干物质 Dry matter % FM	0	33.56±2.18^eA	35.91±3.01^dA	37.56±2.38^cbA	37.02±2.21^cA	38.47±3.22^bAA	39.23±4.23^aA
	7	33.49±2.16^bA	34.06±3.25^bBA	36.15±4.13^aAB	36.88±8.22^aA	37.22±2.13^aA	37.23±2.31^aA
	15	31.38±2.05^cB	33.66±2.31^bAB	33.64±5.16^bB	34.16±9.15^aAB	35.25±2.26^aB	35.68±2.25^abA
	30	31.4±2.06^dB	32.15±2.09^dcC	31.76±2.13^cbC	33.30±2.15^bcB	33.48±4.06^abBC	34.43±5.08^aB
	60	29.51±2.15^bB	30.09±6.42^bD	32.5±1.87^abCB	33.01±2.65^abB	33.14±5.64^abC	34.33±7.12^aB
粗蛋白 Crude protein (% DM)	0	7.95±0.01^dA	8.03±0.02^cA	8.05±0.21^bcA	8.09±3.21^abcA	8.11±0.05^abAB	8.13±0.07^aA
	7	7.60±0.02^cB	7.87±0.04^bB	7.90±1.21^bB	7.93±0.04^bB	8.06±0.23^aAB	8.02±0.07^aA
	15	7.44±0.06^cBC	7.74±0.37^bC	7.75±0.01^bC	7.85±1.21^bC	8.03±0.04^aAB	8.01±0.35^aA
	30	7.09±0.19^dD	7.69±0.57^cC	7.73±1.21^cC	7.84±0.12^bcC	8.02±0.06^aB	7.98±0.02^abA
	60	7.32±0.04^cC	7.96±0.15^bAB	7.98±0.17^bAB	8.01±0.16^bA	8.13±1.35^aA	8.14±0.09^aA
中性洗涤纤维 NDF (% DM)	0	73.67±0.55^aA	73.02±2.01^aA	74.10±1.40^aA	75.82±2.53^aA	73.18±1.92^aA	71.85±5.82^aA
	7	71.06±2.03^aAB	70.73±0.45^aB	70.35±3.05^aA	69.10±7.12^aB	69.37±1.99^aAB	70.38±2.75^aAB
	15	69.81±2.73^aABC	68.73±2.87^aBC	67.59±4.98^aAB	64.08±2.04^aBC	65.01±0.51^aBC	66.15±3.22^aAB
	30	68.65±3.16^aBC	67.13±1.63^abC	68.05±0.28^aAB	62.43±0.53^cBC	63.96±2.01^bcC	67.05±3.12^abAB
	60	66.73±1.59^aC	64.05±11.70^abD	63.55±0.80^bB	61.33±0.44^cC	62.55±5.34^bcC	64.17±2.73^abB
酸性洗涤纤维 ADF (% DM)	0	54.34±1.05^abA	54.07±0.74^abA	53.25±2.56^abA	54.89±0.31^aA	52.14±0.75^bA	51.77±1.75^bA
	7	51.79±1.30^aAB	51.21±0.52^aB	51.01±3.60^aA	49.46±0.38^aB	49.62±3.25^aAB	50.96±0.27^aA
	15	49.96±2.93^aCB	48.53±1.56^aC	47.76±3.84^aB	46.66±0.18^aBC	47.45±1.70^aBC	47.02±2.18^aB
	30	50.22±1.36^aBC	48.51±1.04^abC	48.33±5.05^abB	44.30±1.65^bC	44.59±1.75^bC	46.26±7.70^bB
	60	47.49±1.49^aC	46.68±1.04^abC	46.42±0.49^abB	40.56±0.12^cD	45.45±0.85^bC	47.33±0.21^aB
粗灰分 Ash (% DM)	0	7.20±0.10^aA	7.13±0.28^aA	7.12±0.21^aA	7.14±0.05^aA	7.16±1.21^aA	7.18±0.16^aA
	7	7.11±0.17^aA	7.08±0.14^aA	7.07±2.11^aA	6.92±0.04^aA	6.70±0.13^aA	6.82±3.21^aA
	15	7.10±0.05^aA	7.04±0.14^aA	7.00±0.07^aA	6.91±1.21^aA	6.30±0.87^aA	6.79±0.56^aA
	30	7.12±0.17^aA	7.10±0.04^aA	7.06±1.21^aA	7.02±0.15^aA	6.31±0.16^aA	6.81±0.19^aA
	60	7.14±0.10^aA	7.13±0.06^aA	7.13±1.22^aA	7.11±0.07^aA	6.32±0.47^bA	6.82±0.16^aA