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25 December 2017, Volume 54 Issue 12 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Molecular Identification and Distribution of Allelic Variation of Starch Quality Genes in Some Wheat Varieties in Xinjiang Halidan Yikeremu, ZHOU An-ding, LU Jing, CAO Jun-mei, LIU Liang-zhen, ZHANG Xin-zhong 2017, 54(12): 2157-2163.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.12.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (1402KB) ( )   【Objective】 The study is to research the allelic composition and distribution of starch quality gene (Wx-A1,Wx-B1 and Wx-D1) and the difference of starch quality gene between local wheat materials of Xinjiang and introduced wheat materials in the hope of laying the foundation for improving wheat variety in Xinjiang. 【Method】Using molecular markers MAG264, BDFL/BRD and MAG269 to identify the distribution of starch quality genes Wx-A1,Wx-B1 and Wx-D1 in cultivated wheat germplasms in Xinjiang.【Result】The results showed that in the 169 materials to be identified, 18.67% materials of winter wheat had allele Wx-A1a and Wx-B1a,10.67% had Wx-D1a, and 30.85% materials of spring wheat had allele Wx-A1b, 41.49% had Wx-B1b. The distribution frequencies of oversea cultivars, other Chinese cultivars, Xinjiang local cultivars were respectively 74.49%,84.78% and 56% in mutant gene type Wx-A1a,for Wx-A1b gene type, they were respectively 25.51%,15.22% and 44%, for Wx-B1a gene type they were respectively 63.27 %, 82.61 % and 64 %,for Wx-B1b gene type they were respectively 36.73%,17.39 % and 36 %. All foreign varieties and Xinjiang local varieties carried Wx-D1a gene, 82.61% materials of other Chinese cultivars had Wx-D1a and 17.39% materials of other Chinese cultivars had Wx-D1b. Foreign varieties and local varieties of Xinjiang did not carry this gene.【Conclusion】The study concluded that the frequency of subunit mutation of Wx-A1 and Wx-B1 genes in 94 spring wheat was much higher than that in winter wheat and Wx-D1b gene was not tested in Xinjiang local cultivars and other Chinese cultivars. 18.67% materials of spring wheat had allele Wx-A1a and Wx-B1a gene, 10.67% had Wx-D1a. At the same time, 14 varieties lost Wx-A1 and Wx-B1 gene types, among which 4 were Xinjiang local cultivars and 10 varieties were foreign ones. At the same time, three copies were of Wx-B1, Wx-D1 deletion gene type and they were all domestic cultivars.

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Effects of Shading and Planting Density on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Flag Leaves during Filling Stage of Winter Wheat under Drip Irrigation ZHANG Yong-qiang, CHENG Xing-wu, Sailihan Sai, XUE Li-hua, LEI Jun-jie 2017, 54(12): 2164-2173.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.12.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1670KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the diurnal variation of shading and planting density on photosynthetic characteristic of winter wheat's flag leaf during filling stage under drip irrigation.【Method】Five plant population experiments 450×104 plant/hm2(M1), 525×104 plant/hm2(M2), 600×104 plant/hm2(M3), 675×104 plant/hm2(M4), 750×104 plant/hm2(M5) were conducted in the circumstance of natural light(S0) and shading 50%(S1), respectively, and the leaf area index(LAI), chlorophyll content(SPAD), daily variation of flag's photosynthetic characteristic during filling stage and grain yield were observed to study the effects of different light conditions and population on above indexes of wheat.【Result】The results showed that LAI was descended significantly under S1 treatments, but SPAD was little higher than that of S0. Under shading condition, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs) were all decreased at different degree while intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci) increased, besides, spike number, grains per spike, 1,000-grain weight and yield were significant lower than those of in natural light treatments, the extent of reduction were in order of 4.14%-11.44%, 5.76%-9.05%, 7.15-22.47% and 16.12%-33.54%.【Conclusion】Comprehensive analysis of various indicators, in 50% shading treatment, M2 treatment (5 million 250 thousand/(plants·hm2)) had better performance in terms of the physiological indexes, the highest yield, 5,250.26 kg/hm2, so it can be used as reference to the field production.

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Dynamic Changes of Orientation Parameters during the Course of Cotton Fiber Development and Correlation with Fiber Strength ZHAO Rui-hai, HAN Chun-li, BAI Yu-lin, ZHANG Wang-feng, LEI Jun 2017, 54(12): 2174-2181.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.12.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1415KB) ( )   【Objective】 This article revealed the intrinsic factor of fiber strength during cotton fiber development and an effective method to improve fiber strength by studying the mechanism differences between fiber orientation parameters and strength of cotton varieties in Northern Xinjiang. 【Method】3 upland cotton varieties were taken as the research object to collect boll samples and separate the fiber and seed by hand every 5 days from 30d post anthesis to boll opening stage. After that, the quality and orientation parameters (α、φ、ψ) of the fiber were measured. 【Result】With the development of fiber development, the orientation dispersion (α) of three upland cotton varieties increased first and then increased. The trend of gradual optimization was found in the early stage and the widening tendency was detected in the later period, which was detrimental to the formation of high strength fiber. The final α-angle of Xinluzao16 and Xinluzao10 was alike, and the final α-angle of Xinluzao 13 was the lowest. Spiral angle (φ) of three upland cotton varieties decreased with fiber development. The φ-angle was the highest during early fiber development and minished (optimize) step by step with fiber development. But it tended to be widened during late fiber development. The final φ-angle of Xinluzao 10 was the highest and the final φ-angle of Xinluzao16 was the lowest. There were obvious differences in φ-angle of different cotton varieties and the difference was maintained during fiber thickening development. The large differences of orientation distribution angle (ψ) existed in dynamic changes of three cotton varieties. The ψ-angle of Xinluzao13 had similar variation tendency with φ-angle. The ψ-angle of Xinluzao 16 and Xinluzao 10 increased first and then decreased with fiber development. The variation tendency of minishing (optimize) was terminated and started widening during late fiber development. The final ψ-angle was the same as φ-angle. The final ψ-angle of Xinluzao10 was the highest and the final ψ-angle of Xinluzao16 was the lowest. 【Conclusion】Spiral angle (φ) and orientational distribution angle(ψ) were the major factors to effect fiber strength during cotton fiber development. Forming a smaller structure of φ-angle and ψ-angle during early fiber development was one of the effective ways to improve fiber strength by cultivation measures such as chemical regulation in farm production.

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Study on the Correlation between Nitrogen Content and Dry Matter Accumulation in Cotton LOU Shan-wei, MA Teng-fei, Tuoteti Aimait, ZHANG Huai-jin, WANG Da-guang, BIAN Yang, Sidikejiang, ZHANG Peng-zhong 2017, 54(12): 2182-2189.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.12.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1539KB) ( )   【Objective】 To find out the correlation between dry matter accumulation and nitrogen content of cotton and provide reference for exploring the mechanism of nitrogen transformation.【Method】The experiment was conducted to determine the nitrogen content and dry matter of organs in the 4 different varieties.【Result】There were some differences in nitrogen content and dry matter accumulation among different cotton varieties, and hybrid cotton had certain growth advantage; Accumulation of nitrogen in each growth stage of cotton varieties in plant nutrition and dry matter accumulation was positively related; Among them, the correlation coefficient of Tian Za No. 2 reached 0.999,8. In the reproductive stage, there was no correlation between the two; Nitrogen content and dry matter accumulation were highest in leaves at bud stage, reaching 7.26 g/hm2 and 955.13 kg/hm2, respectively; The reproductive organs reached the highest during the late blooming period; Among the different varieties, Tian Za No. 2 was the highest in nitrogen content and dry matter accumulation, reaching 24.64 g/hm2 and 11,750.64 kg/hm2. 【Conclusion】The hybrid cotton has certain advantages in nitrogen and dry matter accumulation, and nitrogen content in vegetative growth stage is linearly related to dry matter accumulation, and leaves occupy an important proportion.

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Photosynthetic Characteristics of Different Cotton Varity under Drought Stress during Flowering and Boll-setting Stage ZHENG Ju-yun, WANG Jun-duo, GONG Zhao-long, LIANG Ya-jun, AI Xian-tao, GUO Jiang-ping, DUAN Jin-bo, MO Ming, LI Xue-yuan 2017, 54(12): 2190-2197.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.12.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1222KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aims of this study is to reveal the effects of drought stress on photosynthetic characteristics of cotton and provide theoretical support for drought resistant breeding of cotton by studying the differences of photosynthetic characteristics among different cotton cultivars under drought stress.【Method】16N2, 16N3, 16N4, 16N5 and Yuanmian 6, a total of 5 varieties were taken test materials to measure the photosynthetic traits of the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis and water utilization rate and study the difference and correlation between them both under the drought stress and normal irrigation conditions.【Result】The result showed that the photosynthetic characteristics of 5 cultivars decreased compared with the irrigation conditions, the drought resistance coefficient of cultivars was different in different varieties, of which photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and water use efficiency of 16N2 were higher than those of others.【Conclusion】Drought stress treatment could decrease photosynthetic physiological indexes such as transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate except photosynthetic water use efficiency. Through comparative analysis of the varieties, it has been found that the variety with the highest drought resistance coefficient and strong drought resistance was 16N2, which could be used as the intermediate material for drought resistance breeding. This research has also laid a foundation for drought resistant pyramiding breeding.

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Principal Component Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality Traits of the 16 Introduced Fresh Jujube Cultivars DUAN Bian-hui, FENG Yi-feng, LIN Min-juan, WU Cui-yun 2017, 54(12): 2198-2210.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.12.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1502KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to determine the main evaluation indexes of fruit quality of fresh jujube cultivars, the main quality indexes of the 16 introduced kinds of fruits will be analyzed and the correlation between them will be studied, too.【Method】The main quality indexes of 16 fresh jujube cultivars were screened by principal component analysis and cluster analysis.【Result】The correlation analysis showed that there were relative independence and close correlation between the 12 quality indexes of fresh jujube fruit. According to the principal component analysis, the top 5 fresh jujube varieties in the 16 kinds of fresh jujube varieties in turn were Huluzao, Zan No. 1, Zanjing, Zanhuagnxianshi and Shanxi egg jujube, followed by Yanchuantiaozao, Yuanling No. 1 and Jinsimizao.【Conclusion】The 16 kinds of fresh fruit jujube varieties could be divided into 7 key factors so as to establish comprehensive evaluation system of sample quality. Cluster analysis results showed that 16 introduced fresh jujube cultivars could be divided into three groups and in the end, the top five in comprehensive ranking of the 16 varieties were: Huluzao, Zan No. 1, Zanjing, Zanhuagnxianshi and Shanxi egg jujube, followed by Yanchuantiaozao, Yuanling No. 1 and Jinsimizao.

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Effects of Different Stacking Methods and Stacking Gaps on Storage Characteristics of Muskmelon YAO Jun, GENG Xin-li, ZHENG He-yun, Zaituna Maimaiti, ZHANG Cui-huan, LIAO Xin-fu 2017, 54(12): 2211-2217.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.12.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1530KB) ( )   【Objective】 The traditional stacking method causes slow airflow and slow cooling rate, which seriously affects the storage quality of melon, so to seek a new way to create a uniform stacking muskmelon storage environment is imperative.【Method】Xizhoumi No.17, the main melon planting variety in Xinjiang was used as experimental material and the traditional way of using batch stacking (gap 1cm) and uniform cross stacking "井" shaped stacking of muskmelon storage were applied to compare the effects of the two methods and different stacking gaps ( 1, 2, 3 and 4 cm ) on the storage characteristics of muskmelon.【Result】The results showed that the "井"zigzag stacking method was superior to traditional stacking method in reducing rotting rate, reducing weight loss, delaying pulp softening, reducing ethylene release and inhibiting respiration rate. Through the "井" zigzag stacking, 2 cm and 3 cm stacking gap in rotting rate, pulp hardness and ethylene were better than 1 cm and 4 cm, the weight loss rate and respiration rate of 3 cm stacking gap were better than other treatments. 【Conclusion】The "井" zigzag stacking method is suitable for the storage and preservation of melon, and the effect of the stacking gap of 2 cm - 3 cm is better.

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The Main Factors Inducing the Walnut(Juglans regia L.)Seed Dormancy and the Types of Dormancy Abduxukur Yakup, Gulnisa Sayimniyaz, Halil Kurban, Tursungul Tohti, HE Dan, Jappar Kadir 2017, 54(12): 2218-2226.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.12.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1332KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to reveal the causes and types of walnut seed dormancy.The present research was carried out to investigate causal factors of the walnut seed dormancy and types.【Method】The walnut seeds were treated sand stratification in short period of moist low temperature sand stratification, soaked in external gibberellic acid (GA3) , water soak treatment and water soak treatment with sunlight exposure treatment to observes seed germination percentage,germination index,germination potential. After that, the water soluble germination inhibitor in walnut seed shell was extracted and detected by bioassay. and bioassay of walnut endocarp soaking solution.【Result】The results showed that both moist low temperature in short period of sand stratification and GA3 treatment did not show any significant difference compared with CK(|U|≤1.96). Both soaked (15 days) and additional sun exposure for 2h after soaking (15 days) increased the percentage of seed germination,germination index as well as the germination potential with a significant differences compared with CK (|U|≥2.58); The bioassay experiment showed that walnut endocarp contained certain amount of soluble germination inhibitory substance, compared with the control, and at the level of 1.5 g/ml (dry weight) concentration, the germination rate, root and shoot growth rate of wheat seeds were 26%, 6% and 5% of those of CK, respectively.【Conclusion】Comprehensive analysis showed that, the ratio of endogenous GA3/ABA in walnut seeds might regulate its dormancy, and water soluble inhibitory substances with the mechanical hindrance of seed shell are the dominant factors to regulate dormancy. In conclusion, the project confirms that the dormancy of walnut seeds belongs to physiological dormancy type and mechanical obstacle dormancy type.

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Study on Production Technology of Tissue Culture Seedlings of Philodendron con-go ZHOU Xia, XIA Hong-mei, JIA Yong-chuang, XU Ye-ting, HAN Hong-wei, WANG Zhi-ming, LIAO Zhi-li 2017, 54(12): 2227-2231.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.12.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1191KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to solve the slow Philodendron con-go seedling cuttings, sowing, ramet production problems, this project aims to provide a theoretical basis for the large-scale production by taking advantage of tissue culture technology.【Method】The annual stems of Philodendron con-go were employed as experimental materials. The study assessed induction and proliferation medium, simplified rooting, transplanting method and rapid tissue culture for producing high quality seedlings.【Result】The results showed that the induction philodendron medium was MS plus BA1.5 mg/L with the addition of NAA0.1 mg/L, and the proliferation medium was MS plus BA 0.2 mg / L plus NAA0.1 mg / L, in which, the survival rate reached 98%. Peat and perlite mixed matrix was the most suitable for transplanting the aerial roots. 【Conclusion】Technical research of tissue culture production technology of Philodendron con-go established rapid propagation system and provided reliable technical support for quality seedling factory production.

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Cryopreservation of Shoot-tips of Populus euphratica Dormant Buds by Encapsulation-vitrification ZHANG Ling, TIAN Hong-tao, LIU Jin-tao, LIU Yan-ping 2017, 54(12): 2232-2238.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.12.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1740KB) ( )   【Objective】 To establish appropriate cryopreservation method to preserve shoot-tips of Populus euphratica dormant buds by using encapsulation-vitrification, thus preserving the germplasm resources of the endangered rare plant.【Method】Dormant shoot-tips were encapsulated in 3% calcium alginate beads. The main factors influencing the viability such as sucrose concentration, preculture time, different vitrification solution and the time in vitrification solution were studied.【Result】The results showed that the high viability could be obtained when alginate beads were precultured for 24 h in the 0.8 mol/L sucrose and the beads were dehydrated with vitrification solution [40% Gly + 45% (0.4 mol/L) sucrose + 10% PEG (4,000) + 5% DMSO] for 30 min at 25℃. 【Conclusion】Under optimized conditions, the viability of dormant shoot-tips can reach 77% at the most. After cryopreservation, the dormant shoot-tips can grow directly and the genetic stability can be maintained. It is feasible to freeze the dormant shoot tips of Populus euphratica by liquid nitrogen.

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Effects of Loss-control Urea Application and Different Ratio on Yield, Quality and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Processing Tomato MA Teng-fei, LI Qing-jun, ZHANG Yan, Halihashi Yibati, ZHANG Peng-zhong 2017, 54(12): 2239-2247.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.12.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1234KB) ( )   【Objective】 A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of loss-control urea and common urea different application proportion on plant dry matters, nitrogen uptake and yield of processing tomato'Tunhe 9'.【Method】Eight treatments were designed,including CK(N 0 kg/hm2),common urea (N 240 kg/hm2), loss-control urea (N 240 kg/hm2), 80% loss-control urea (N 192 kg/hm2), 70% loss-control urea (N 168 kg/hm2),70% loss-control urea + 30% common urea (total N 240 kg/hm2), 50% loss-control urea + 50%common urea (total of N 240 kg/hm2),30% loss-control urea + 70%common urea(total of N 240 kg/hm2) to research the effects of loss-control urea and common urea on accumulation rate for plant dry matters, nitrogen uptake and yield of processing tomato.【Result】The results showed that compared with conventional urea, the application of 70% loss-control urea + 30% common urea and 50% loss-control urea + 50% common urea could significantly increase the plant dry matters and nitrogen uptake, and fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency was increased by 12.28 and 9.05 percentage point, respectively; the biomass and yield between 80% loss-control urea and common urea treatments showed no significant difference,but the fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency increased by 11.94 percentage point. the application of 70% loss-control urea + 30%common urea and 50% loss-control urea + 50% common urea significantly increased the yield of processing tomato, respectively by 12.99% and 5.38%; Compared to the loss-control urea and common urea treatments, the application of loss-control urea could significantly increase the color difference,but the treatments had no effects on soluble solids, pH value and the total acidity.【Conclusion】The application rate of controlled urea and loss-control urea combined with common urea increased the utilization rate of nitrogen in processing tomato, but the application of 70% loss-control urea + 30% common urea treatment is the best.

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An Investigation into the Parasitic Wasps as Natural Enemies of Colorado Potato Beetle in Xinjiang ZHU Dan, LU Jia-xiong, ZHONG Wen, LI Qin, GUO Wen-chao, HU Hong-ying 2017, 54(12): 2248-2254.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.12.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1353KB) ( )   【Objective】 Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), is a destructive invasive pest that has been listed as a serious foreign quarantine insect pest in China, causing devastating damage to potato and other solanaceae crops. It is effective and environmental-friendly to utilize parasitoids to control Colorado potato beetle damage. This study aims to investigate parasitic wasp's resource in Xinjiang to obtain and use local parasitoids as natural enemies to fight against that invasive pest. This research has positive implications for biological control of Colorado potato beetle. 【Method】We conducted a large scale field investigation and collected large number of insects in the potato planting area of Ili, Xinjiang between July and August of 2013 and 2014. We also collected eggs and larvae of Colorado potato beetle in fields to obtain parasitic natural enemies after the artificial breeding in laboratory.【Result】We obtained two parasitic wasps, Oomyzus sp. (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Telenomus sp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae), as egg parasitoids of Colorado potato beetle. We observed and reported the morphological and biological characters of these parasitoids for the first time, and discussed their potential for the control of Colorado potato beetle. 【Conclusion】Oomyzus sp. and Telenomus sp. are egg parasitoids of Colorado potato beetle, and probably potential parasitic natural enemies for biological control of Colorado potato beetle after further research on their parasitic biological characteristics.

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Effect Evaluation of the Application of Pulse Type Smoke Machine in Greenhouse Control of Tomato Diseases and Pests HE Wei, YANG Hua, XU Jian-jun, SUN Xiao-jun 2017, 54(12): 2255-2261.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.12.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1396KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to make clear the application of the impulse type smoke machine to the greenhouse tomato, the control effect of it on tomato leaf diseases and bemisia tabaci and the effect on temperature and humidity inside the greenhouses.【Method】The sprayer and pulse type smoke machine were used respectively in two greenhouses and a temperature and humidity meter was used to monitor and record the diseases of tomato and whitefly, and the effects of different treatments were compared. 【Result】The investigation results of plant diseases and insect pests showed that in the greenhouse tomato disease epidemic period, the control efficiency of the smoke machine was higher than the sprayer and there was significant difference; In its early stages, control effect of the smoke machine was lower than the sprayers, but there was no significant difference; the control effect of 1d, 3d and 7d after spraying pesticide was significantly higher than that of spray device by using the smoke machine to prevent the bemisia tabaci. Temperature and humidity monitoring results showed that after taking the fungicide 2 h, 3 h, and at 11 the next day, temperature within the greenhouse by using smoke machine to spray the pesticide was 1.8 ~ 2.3 ℃ higher than that by using sprayers, and humidity was 12% ~ 29% lower than that by using the sprayer.【Conclusion】Pulse type smoke machine application in greenhouse, compared with sprayers, could increase the temperature in the greenhouse and lower the humidity, so accordingly, the control effect on greenhouse tomato diseases and bemisia tabaci was increased.

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Preliminary Study on Accuracy and Distribution Statue of Melon Vein Necrosis Virus in Xinjiang Yushanjiang Maimaiti, YANG Du, HAN Sheng, Aminaimu Maimaiti, GU Qin-sheng 2017, 54(12): 2262-2266.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.12.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1189KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate and analyze the occurrence and distribution of melon vein necrosis virus in the main melon planting area of in Xinjiang, and provide a method and basis for the identification and control of melon vein necrosis virus.【Method】Using mechanical inoculation method to perform inoculation on the healthy melon plants, and pathogen morphological characteristics of the leaves collected from infected MVNV melons in the field and artificially infected MVNV leaves of Hami melon were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).【Result】The disease symptoms of artificially infected leaves were exactly the same with those in fields, and by transmission electron microscopy, it was confirmed that it belonged to the genus Carassius auratus (Carmovirus), which belongs to the family of linear virus (Flex iv iridae). Through investigation, it was made clear that the disease occurred in the main planting areas of Xinjiang melon, and the variation of the disease in different regions and different years in the same area was very different.【Conclusion】Melon vein necrosis virus generally occurs in melon growing area in Xinjiang, and in some areas it has led to the total production failure of muskmelon crops. The conclusion occurrence and epidemic regularity of this virus need to be further studied.

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Comparison of Community Diversity of Soil Mites under Different Land-use Types in Arid Area of Xinjiang, China Paziliya·Helil, Omar·Abliz, Ajar·Qiaken 2017, 54(12): 2267-2281.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.12.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (1642KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to understand the diversity characteristics of soil mite community under different land use types in arid area, the community structure of soil mites in Shanshan County was comparatively studied.【Method】The comparative investigation was conducted by using the conventional field sampling method and modified Tullgren method to classify, identify and compare soil mites of 7 different land use types in the Shanshan County of Xinjiang, China.【Result】A total of 26,637 individuals of soil mites were collected, which belonged to 69 families, 98 genera of Acari. Among them, oribatida was 21,209 individuals, 49 genera, 38 families; Mesostigmata was 3,702 individuals, 22 genera, 16 families; Prostigmata was 1,209 individuals, 22 genera and 13 families, and Astigmata was 517 individuals, 5 genera and 2 families. There were significant differences in individual number, group number and community diversity of soil mites in different land use types (P<0.05). Among them, shelterbelt diversity was the highest, while cultivated land was the lowest.【Conclusion】The differences of the different land-use types have obviously impacts on the community diversity of soil mites, the litter content and human activity disturbances were the main factors affecting the community diversity of soil mites in that area.

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Study on the Isolation,Identification of Salt-tolerant Cellulose-Degrading Strains and Optimization of Its Strain Ratio WANG Xu-hui, YE Kai, XU Xin, Shanqimike, WANG Hui, LI Guan, DENG Yu 2017, 54(12): 2282-2292.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.12.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1503KB) ( )   【Objective】 To increase the degradation rate of maize straw by employing response surface method based on Box-Behnken (BBK).【Method】Four salt tolerant strains (WH2,WH4,WH7 and WH9) with good ability of degrading cellulose were isolated from saline alkali soil of corn straw manure. Based on morphologic observation,physiological and biochemical characteristics and molecular identification,they were identified as Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas formosensis strain,Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas songnenensis respectively. On the basis of single-factor test analysis,Box-Behnken central composite design and response surface method (RSM),while taking the degradation rate of maize straw as the response value,response surface method was applied to analyze the influence of various factors and their interaction on the degradation rate of maize straws,thus optimizing the progress ratio of bacteria.【Result】The result showed that the optimum conditions were as follows:When the straw is 2.0 g,the inoculation quantity of the four strains (WH2,WH4,WH7,WH9) is 0.31 g, 0.21 g, 0.32 g and 0.22 g,respectively,and the rate of straw degradation reached the maximum.【Conclusion】Under these optimal conditions,the predictive value of the degradation rate of straw is 61.17%,meanwhile the verification value is 60.90%. There is only 0.27% difference between predictive and verification value,which has proved the rationality and effectiveness of RSM. The experiment has provided a theoretical basis for the microbial degradation of corn straws in Xinjiang.

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Comparative Analysis of Farmland Soil Heavy Metals and Health Risk Assessment YU Jia-wen, ZHOU Jin-long, ZENG Yan-yan, JIA Rui-liang 2017, 54(12): 2293-2303.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.12.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1621KB) ( )   【Objective】 To conduct comparative analysis of the different contents of heavy metals in farmland soil between Layisu longevity village and the control area of Yutian County in Xinjiang, this paper aims to make clear the health risk of heavy metals in the soil of two control groups to the local population.【Method】This paper used the Muller geoaccumulation index method to evaluate the soil environmental quality of the two groups, and U.S.EPA health risk assessment model to evaluate the health risk of soil heavy metals.【Result】No heavy metals pollution was found in farmland soil of Layisu longevity village. Ni and As contents were over standard in a few sampling points of the control area. The Riskall and HQall in control groups showed that heavy metals in the control area were greater than those of Layisu longevity village.【Conclusion】The contents of heavy metals in soil of Layisu longevity village are lower than those in the control area. The soil As can cause an acceptable carcinogenic risk to body in both control groups (10-6＜Riskall ＜10-4). The soil Cr and Cd are not likely to cause carcinogenic risk for both adults and children (Riskall ＜10-6). The soil heavy metals will not cause non-carcinogenic risk for both adults and children in the control groups (HQall ＜1).

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Expression of GMD Recombinant Protein of Brucella and Its Immune Effect on Kunming Mice XU Jin-feng, WANG Zhen, YI De-wu, YI Ji-hai, MA Xu-sheng, JI Xiang, ZHANG Hui, CHEN Chuang-fu 2017, 54(12): 2304-2313.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.12.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1746KB) ( )   【Objective】 To predict and analyze bioinformatics function for the GMD protein of Brucella, and to identify its immunogenicity and then the immune effect was evaluated on mouse model.【Method】The structure and function of ManB protein was analyzed by bioinformatics tools. The GMD gene of Brucella was amplified by PCR and the recombinant plasmid was transformed into E.coli BL21 (DE3) after being connected with pET-28a expression vector. The expression of target protein was detected by SDS-PAGE and its reaction was detected by Western Blot. Then the immunogenicity and immunoprotection were evaluated by mouse immunoassay and challenge experiments.【Result】Bioinformatics analysis showed that the protein had no transmembrane domain structure and no signal peptide. There were 15 antigenic determinants and its secondary structure was mainly α-helix. And the three-dimensional structure of the protein was constructed by Phyre2 Server. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the fusion protein was about 43.7 ku. Western Blot showed that the protein could react with sheep serum against Brucella, indicating it possessed reactogenicity. Indirect ELISA results showed that the mice in the experimental group produced antibodies at 7th, 14th and 21st after immunization and the antibody level increased with time. The results of immune protection test showed that the spleen index and CFU of the spleen were lower than those in the PBS group. 【Conclusion】The GMD recombinant protein has good immunogenicity and can induce high level of specific antibodies after immunization in mice. After immunization, it can play a certain role in immune protection.

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Survey of Resistance of Escherichia coli from Different Animals to Antimicrobials in Yanqi, Xinjiang YAO Xiao-hui, LONG Mao-jun, Kuerbannaimu Kadier, WANG Kai, XIA Li-ning 2017, 54(12): 2314-2319.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.12.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (1353KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the resistance of Escherichia coli from different animals to commonly used antimicrobial agents in Yanqi County, Xinjiang. 【Method】Feces of piglets (aged 40 days and 60 days) were collected from the main farms in the county, and the feces of pregnant sows, cattle and sheep were collected, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Escherichia coli was determined by agar dilution method.【Result】The results showed that the resistance severity of fecal Escherichia coli from 40-day-old > fecal Escherichia coli from 60-day-old piglets > fecal Escherichia coli from pregnant sows. Escherichia coli from sheep and cattle had different degrees of resistance to detected antimicrobials. Escherichia coli from piglets was mainly resistant to 6-8 (40 days old: 89.2%, 74/83; 60 days old: 49.0%, 49/100), and pregnant sows was mainly resistant to 2-4 (63.3%, 62/98). Escherichia coli from cattle was mainly resistant to 1-2 (58.0%, 47/81) and sheep was mainly resistant to 0-2 (80.2%, 138/172).【Conclusion】Escherichia coli from different animals in the main farms had different degrees of resistance to the commonly used antibiotics in clinics in Yanqi County, Xinjiang, so in the breeding process, the rational use of antimicrobial agents should be taken into consideration in the case of bacterial resistance.

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Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Polysaccharide Extraction on Chicken Lymphocyte of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-12 mRNA Expression in Different MHC B-LβII Genotype Chickens Lymphocyte MA Zhao, LIAN Ke-xun, LIU Gang, LIU Xiao-ting, QIAO Yan-jie, ZHU Xiao-qing, GU Xin-li 2017, 54(12): 2320-2328.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.12.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1393KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effect of polysaccharide extracted from traditional Chinese medicines on immunomodulatory in different MHC B Lβ II genotype chickens.【Method】PCR-SSCP technique was applied to group feather white feather chickens according to different MHC B-LβII genotype, the different MHC B-LβII genotypes were collected from white feather chickens and peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated. cCHMPS of the final concentrations 100 μg/mL, 75 μg/mL, 50 μg/mL, 0 μg/mL was added and cultured together for 24 h, and then the expression of lymphocyte IL-2, IL-12, IL-4 mRNA was detected by using Real-time PCR method.【Result】(1) Traditional Chinese medicinal polysaccharide extraction of different doses could improve IL-2, IL-12, IL-4 mRNA expression levels of chicken lymphocyte compared with the control group in each MHC B Lβ II genotype chickens (P ＜0.05). (2) And when the traditional Chinese medicines concentration was 50 μ-g/mL, the IL-2, IL-12, IL-4 mRNA expression levels of AA and BC genotype chicken lymphocyte were higher than those of the same genotype. When the traditional Chinese medicines concentration was 100 μg/mL, the IL-2, IL-12, IL-4 mRNA expression levels of BB genotype chicken lymphocyte were higher than those of the same genotype.【Conclusion】The traditional Chinese medicinal polysaccharide extraction could stimulate IL-2, IL-12 , IL-4 mRNA expression in different MHC B-LβII genotype chickens, and the optimum immunomodulatory doses vary in each MHC B-LβII genotype chickens.

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Effects of Chinese Herbal Compound Polysaccharides on Antibody Potency of Avian Influenza in Different MHC B-LβII Genotypes of Laying Hens LIU Xiao-ting, ZHU Xiao-qing, MA Zhao, QIAO Yan-jie, ZHANG Bao-jun, GU Xin-li, SHANG Yun-xia 2017, 54(12): 2329-2336.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.12.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (1308KB) ( )   【Objective】 This experiment was conducted to study the effects of intramuscular injection of compound polysaccharides on avian influenza antibody titers in serum of different MHC B-LβII genotype laying hens. 【Method】500 chickens were divided into three groups according to different genotypes by PCR-SSCP method. The genotypes were divided into high, medium and low dose Chinese herbal compound polysaccharide groups and blank control group. The test chickens of each group were intramuscularly injected with 50 mg / mL, 25 mg / mL, 12.5 mg / mL Chinese herbal compound polysaccharide and saline, 0.2 mL / day for 7 days. At the age of 27, 35, 42 and 49 days, 5 chickens were randomly selected from each group and vein blood was collected from the wings for separation of serum. The titer of H5 and H9 subtype avian influenza antibodies in serum was measured by microhialysis inhibition test (HI).【Result】The results showed that, before immunization, the average titer of H5N1 Re-6 and H9N2 maternal antibody was higher than that of the control group, and the titer of H5N1 maternal antibody in AA and BC genotype of high-dose Chinese herbal compound polysaccharide group was significantly higher than that of control group (P <0.05). On the 7 day after immunization, the titer of H5 subtype avian influenza antibody in AA genotype chickens in high, medium and low dose groups was significantly higher than that in control group (P <0.05), the titer of H5 subtype avian influenza antibody in BC genotype high dose group was significantly higher than that in control group (P <0.05) and the titer of H9 subtype avian influenza antibody in BC high, medium and low dose groups was significantly higher than that in control group (P <0.05); On the 14 days after immunization, the titer of H5 subtype avian influenza antibody of AA genotype high and medium dose group was significantly higher than that of control group (P <0.05), the BB genotype in the middle dose group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.05) and the H9 genotype BC avian influenza in the middle dose group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P <0.05); On the 21 days after immunization, the genotype H5 avian influenza of BC genotype high and medium dose group was significantly higher than that of control group (P <0.05) and the avian influenza of BC genotype chicken high dose group was significantly higher than that of control group (P <0.05).【Conclusion】These results indicated that different doses of compound herbal Chinese medicine polysaccharide could improve the titer of H5 and H9 subtype avian influenza antibodies in serum of laying hens to certain degrees, and the medium dose and high dose are of good effect.