Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (6): 1344-1352.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.006
• Germplasm Resources·Cultivation Physiology·Physiology and Biochemistry·Soil Fertilizer·Molecular Genetics • Previous Articles Next Articles
LUO Siwei1(), JIA Yonghong2, ZHANG Jinshan1, WANG Kai1, LI Dandan1, WANG Runqi1, DONG Yanxue1, SHI Shubing1()
Received:
2022-10-22
Online:
2023-06-20
Published:
2023-06-20
Correspondence author:
SHI Shubing(1966-), male, from Shanghe, Shandong Province, professor, doctoral supervisor, whose research direction is high yield cultivation of wheat, (E-mail) ssb@xjau.edu.cn
Supported by:
罗四维1(), 贾永红2, 张金汕1, 王凯1, 李丹丹1, 王润琪1, 董艳雪1, 石书兵1()
通讯作者:
石书兵(1966-),男,山东商河人,教授,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为小麦高产栽培,(E-mail) ssb@xjau.edu.cn
作者简介:
罗四维(1994-),男,新疆阿克苏人,硕士,研究方向为小麦高产栽培,(E-mail)lsw329603142@163.com
基金资助:
CLC Number:
LUO Siwei, JIA Yonghong, ZHANG Jinshan, WANG Kai, LI Dandan, WANG Runqi, DONG Yanxue, SHI Shubing. Effects of drip irrigation capillary spacing and emitter spacing on the spatial distribution of soil water, root morphology and yield of uniformly sown winter wheat[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(6): 1344-1352.
罗四维, 贾永红, 张金汕, 王凯, 李丹丹, 王润琪, 董艳雪, 石书兵. 不同滴头间距和毛管间距对匀播冬小麦土壤水分空间分布、根系形态及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(6): 1344-1352.
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URL: http://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.06.006
日期 Date | 9月 September | 10月 October | 11月 November | 12月 February | 1月 January | 2月 February | 3月 March | 4月 April | 5月 May | 6月 June |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
降雨量(mm) Average rainfall | 17.5 | 16.3 | 12.3 | 9.5 | 7 | 5.9 | 10.1 | 18.9 | 21.7 | 22.9 |
平均气温(℃) Average temperature | 22.7 | 22.7 | -3.5 | -13.6 | -17 | -13.3 | -1.9 | 9.8 | 16.6 | 21.2 |
Tab.1 Averagetemperatureand rainfall during wheat growth period
日期 Date | 9月 September | 10月 October | 11月 November | 12月 February | 1月 January | 2月 February | 3月 March | 4月 April | 5月 May | 6月 June |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
降雨量(mm) Average rainfall | 17.5 | 16.3 | 12.3 | 9.5 | 7 | 5.9 | 10.1 | 18.9 | 21.7 | 22.9 |
平均气温(℃) Average temperature | 22.7 | 22.7 | -3.5 | -13.6 | -17 | -13.3 | -1.9 | 9.8 | 16.6 | 21.2 |
滴头间距 Dripspacing | 毛管间距 Dripirrigation- layout | 两毛管带距离 The distance between the two capillary bands | 滴水前土壤含水量 Soil water content before drippingirrigation(%) | 滴水后土壤含水量 Soil moisture content after dripping irrigation(%) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~20 cm | 20~40 cm | 40~60 cm | 60~80 cm | 0~20 cm | 20~40 cm | 40~60 cm | 60~80 cm | |||
T1 | D1 | R/2 | 16.80 | 16.28 | 15.44 | 18.81 | 19.18 | 18.11 | 17.84 | 20.41 |
D2 | 0 | 16.61 | 14.15 | 16.85 | 20.34 | 20.44 | 17.46 | 17.72 | 20.73 | |
R/2 | 15.86 | 14.77 | 16.46 | 18.34 | 19.68 | 17.26 | 17.67 | 20.45 | ||
D3 | 0 | 15.84 | 14.44 | 15.19 | 19.49 | 19.52 | 17.46 | 17.39 | 19.74 | |
R/2 | 16.46 | 13.54 | 14.79 | 17.36 | 19.03 | 16.58 | 15.57 | 18.72 | ||
D4 | 0 | 15.16 | 14.17 | 15.88 | 17.92 | 18.61 | 16.83 | 15.89 | 17.43 | |
R/4 | 15.41 | 13.07 | 14.12 | 16.85 | 18.75 | 16.76 | 15.41 | 17.29 | ||
R/2 | 14.31 | 11.82 | 13.08 | 15.74 | 17.72 | 13.48 | 14.50 | 17.00 | ||
D5 | 0 | 15.26 | 13.98 | 15.03 | 16.37 | 18.02 | 16.22 | 15.08 | 17.58 | |
R/4 | 13.70 | 12.09 | 13.22 | 16.03 | 17.31 | 14.36 | 13.69 | 15.87 | ||
R/2 | 12.74 | 9.30 | 11.37 | 14.19 | 15.28 | 11.53 | 12.16 | 14.67 | ||
T2 | D1 | R/2 | 15.90 | 15.70 | 17.27 | 18.77 | 19.38 | 17.71 | 17.50 | 20.21 |
D2 | 0 | 15.73 | 15.05 | 16.25 | 19.14 | 19.69 | 17.31 | 17.28 | 20.55 | |
R/2 | 15.41 | 15.24 | 17.02 | 19.11 | 19.44 | 16.90 | 16.82 | 20.03 | ||
D3 | 0 | 15.66 | 14.39 | 15.00 | 19.25 | 18.51 | 17.21 | 17.27 | 19.53 | |
R/2 | 15.07 | 13.74 | 15.85 | 18.69 | 18.69 | 15.12 | 16.09 | 16.99 | ||
D4 | 0 | 14.61 | 13.58 | 14.85 | 17.42 | 18.52 | 15.10 | 17.33 | 18.34 | |
R/4 | 14.01 | 12.48 | 15.33 | 18.68 | 18.22 | 15.11 | 16.29 | 18.02 | ||
R/2 | 12.87 | 10.60 | 13.48 | 17.71 | 16.82 | 13.47 | 12.91 | 16.69 | ||
D5 | 0 | 14.72 | 13.68 | 14.90 | 17.80 | 17.15 | 15.09 | 17.68 | 17.75 | |
R/4 | 12.15 | 11.05 | 14.22 | 16.11 | 17.18 | 12.62 | 13.73 | 16.07 | ||
R/2 | 10.56 | 8.93 | 10.82 | 13.46 | 14.92 | 10.03 | 11.66 | 13.66 |
Tab.2 Variation characteristics of soil water content in different locations after drip irrigation during flowering period
滴头间距 Dripspacing | 毛管间距 Dripirrigation- layout | 两毛管带距离 The distance between the two capillary bands | 滴水前土壤含水量 Soil water content before drippingirrigation(%) | 滴水后土壤含水量 Soil moisture content after dripping irrigation(%) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~20 cm | 20~40 cm | 40~60 cm | 60~80 cm | 0~20 cm | 20~40 cm | 40~60 cm | 60~80 cm | |||
T1 | D1 | R/2 | 16.80 | 16.28 | 15.44 | 18.81 | 19.18 | 18.11 | 17.84 | 20.41 |
D2 | 0 | 16.61 | 14.15 | 16.85 | 20.34 | 20.44 | 17.46 | 17.72 | 20.73 | |
R/2 | 15.86 | 14.77 | 16.46 | 18.34 | 19.68 | 17.26 | 17.67 | 20.45 | ||
D3 | 0 | 15.84 | 14.44 | 15.19 | 19.49 | 19.52 | 17.46 | 17.39 | 19.74 | |
R/2 | 16.46 | 13.54 | 14.79 | 17.36 | 19.03 | 16.58 | 15.57 | 18.72 | ||
D4 | 0 | 15.16 | 14.17 | 15.88 | 17.92 | 18.61 | 16.83 | 15.89 | 17.43 | |
R/4 | 15.41 | 13.07 | 14.12 | 16.85 | 18.75 | 16.76 | 15.41 | 17.29 | ||
R/2 | 14.31 | 11.82 | 13.08 | 15.74 | 17.72 | 13.48 | 14.50 | 17.00 | ||
D5 | 0 | 15.26 | 13.98 | 15.03 | 16.37 | 18.02 | 16.22 | 15.08 | 17.58 | |
R/4 | 13.70 | 12.09 | 13.22 | 16.03 | 17.31 | 14.36 | 13.69 | 15.87 | ||
R/2 | 12.74 | 9.30 | 11.37 | 14.19 | 15.28 | 11.53 | 12.16 | 14.67 | ||
T2 | D1 | R/2 | 15.90 | 15.70 | 17.27 | 18.77 | 19.38 | 17.71 | 17.50 | 20.21 |
D2 | 0 | 15.73 | 15.05 | 16.25 | 19.14 | 19.69 | 17.31 | 17.28 | 20.55 | |
R/2 | 15.41 | 15.24 | 17.02 | 19.11 | 19.44 | 16.90 | 16.82 | 20.03 | ||
D3 | 0 | 15.66 | 14.39 | 15.00 | 19.25 | 18.51 | 17.21 | 17.27 | 19.53 | |
R/2 | 15.07 | 13.74 | 15.85 | 18.69 | 18.69 | 15.12 | 16.09 | 16.99 | ||
D4 | 0 | 14.61 | 13.58 | 14.85 | 17.42 | 18.52 | 15.10 | 17.33 | 18.34 | |
R/4 | 14.01 | 12.48 | 15.33 | 18.68 | 18.22 | 15.11 | 16.29 | 18.02 | ||
R/2 | 12.87 | 10.60 | 13.48 | 17.71 | 16.82 | 13.47 | 12.91 | 16.69 | ||
D5 | 0 | 14.72 | 13.68 | 14.90 | 17.80 | 17.15 | 15.09 | 17.68 | 17.75 | |
R/4 | 12.15 | 11.05 | 14.22 | 16.11 | 17.18 | 12.62 | 13.73 | 16.07 | ||
R/2 | 10.56 | 8.93 | 10.82 | 13.46 | 14.92 | 10.03 | 11.66 | 13.66 |
滴头间距 Dripspacing | 毛管间距 Dripirrigation- layout | 总灌水量 Total irrigation (m3/hm2) | 降雨量 Precipitation (m3/hm2) | 土壤耗水量 Soil water Consumption (m3/hm2) | 总耗水量 Total water consumption (m3/hm2) | 灌溉水利用效率 Irrigation water use efficiency (kg/m3) | 水分利用效率 Water use efficiency (kg/m3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | D1 | 4 650 | 1 421 | 418.40g | 6 489.4g | 1.94a | 1.39a |
D2 | 4 650 | 1421 | 424.49g | 6 495.49g | 1.99a | 1.42a | |
D3 | 4 650 | 1 421 | 563.98e | 6 634.98e | 1.96a | 1.37a | |
D4 | 4 650 | 1 421 | 709.55d | 6 780.55d | 1.84cd | 1.26bc | |
D5 | 4 650 | 1 421 | 924.23b | 6 995.23b | 1.75de | 1.16de | |
T2 | D1 | 4 650 | 1 421 | 437.95g | 6 508.95g | 1.92ab | 1.37a |
D2 | 4 650 | 1 421 | 481.21f | 6 552.21f | 1.97a | 1.40a | |
D3 | 4 650 | 1 421 | 593.91e | 6 664.91e | 1.87bc | 1.30b | |
D4 | 4 650 | 1 421 | 806.64c | 6 877.64c | 1.79de | 1.21cd | |
D5 | 4 650 | 1 421 | 1 011.41a | 7 082.41a | 1.72e | 1.13e |
Tab.3 Effects of water use efficiency of winter wheat in different treatments
滴头间距 Dripspacing | 毛管间距 Dripirrigation- layout | 总灌水量 Total irrigation (m3/hm2) | 降雨量 Precipitation (m3/hm2) | 土壤耗水量 Soil water Consumption (m3/hm2) | 总耗水量 Total water consumption (m3/hm2) | 灌溉水利用效率 Irrigation water use efficiency (kg/m3) | 水分利用效率 Water use efficiency (kg/m3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | D1 | 4 650 | 1 421 | 418.40g | 6 489.4g | 1.94a | 1.39a |
D2 | 4 650 | 1421 | 424.49g | 6 495.49g | 1.99a | 1.42a | |
D3 | 4 650 | 1 421 | 563.98e | 6 634.98e | 1.96a | 1.37a | |
D4 | 4 650 | 1 421 | 709.55d | 6 780.55d | 1.84cd | 1.26bc | |
D5 | 4 650 | 1 421 | 924.23b | 6 995.23b | 1.75de | 1.16de | |
T2 | D1 | 4 650 | 1 421 | 437.95g | 6 508.95g | 1.92ab | 1.37a |
D2 | 4 650 | 1 421 | 481.21f | 6 552.21f | 1.97a | 1.40a | |
D3 | 4 650 | 1 421 | 593.91e | 6 664.91e | 1.87bc | 1.30b | |
D4 | 4 650 | 1 421 | 806.64c | 6 877.64c | 1.79de | 1.21cd | |
D5 | 4 650 | 1 421 | 1 011.41a | 7 082.41a | 1.72e | 1.13e |
滴头间距 Dripspacing | 毛管间距 Dripirriga- tionlayout | 根长密度 Root length density(103 m/m3) | 根表面积密度 Root surface density (m2/m3) | 根体积密度 Root volume density (cm3/m3) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~20 cm | 20~40 cm | 40~60 cm | 总 Total | 0~20 cm | 20~40 cm | 40~60 cm | 总 Total | 0~20 cm | 20~40 cm | 40~60 cm | 总 Total | ||
T1 | D1 | 2.64ab | 0.99ab | 0.36a | 3.98ab | 4.46ab | 0.75a | 0.51a | 5.72ab | 268.33a | 57.72de | 21.46ab | 347.51ab |
D2 | 2.77a | 0.99ab | 0.39a | 4.15a | 4.59a | 0.78a | 0.57a | 5.94a | 269.86a | 70.21a | 18.83b | 358.90a | |
D3 | 2.54bc | 1.02a | 0.39a | 3.94ab | 4.42ab | 0.79a | 0.49a | 5.70ab | 254.11ab | 58.57cde | 20.54ab | 333.22bc | |
D4 | 2.31d | 0.99ab | 0.33ab | 3.63cd | 4.16ab | 0.53b | 0.48a | 5.18bc | 252.54ab | 54.76ef | 15.87c | 321.85c | |
D5 | 2.18d | 0.84bc | 0.27bc | 3.28ef | 3.66cd | 0.56b | 0.33b | 4.55de | 242.28bc | 54.15ef | 14.24c | 310.68cd | |
T2 | D1 | 2.71ab | 1.01a | 0.37a | 4.09ab | 4.51ab | 0.73a | 0.49a | 5.73ab | 265.38a | 65.91ab | 22.42ab | 353.72ab |
D2 | 2.63ab | 0.98ab | 0.36a | 3.96ab | 4.32ab | 0.75a | 0.57a | 5.64ab | 262.14ab | 63.03bc | 22.96a | 348.14ab | |
D3 | 2.51bc | 0.95ab | 0.37a | 3.83bc | 4.17ab | 0.71a | 0.44ab | 5.32bc | 254.05ab | 60.55cd | 19.27ab | 333.87bc | |
D4 | 2.37cd | 0.78c | 0.38a | 3.52de | 4.02bc | 0.54b | 0.35b | 4.91cd | 250.09ab | 49.19g | 21.45ab | 320.73c | |
D5 | 2.19d | 0.79c | 0.24c | 3.21f | 3.47d | 0.51b | 0.33b | 4.30e | 227.39c | 50.69fg | 12.85c | 290.93d |
Tab.4 Effects of different treatments on root morphology of winter wheat
滴头间距 Dripspacing | 毛管间距 Dripirriga- tionlayout | 根长密度 Root length density(103 m/m3) | 根表面积密度 Root surface density (m2/m3) | 根体积密度 Root volume density (cm3/m3) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0~20 cm | 20~40 cm | 40~60 cm | 总 Total | 0~20 cm | 20~40 cm | 40~60 cm | 总 Total | 0~20 cm | 20~40 cm | 40~60 cm | 总 Total | ||
T1 | D1 | 2.64ab | 0.99ab | 0.36a | 3.98ab | 4.46ab | 0.75a | 0.51a | 5.72ab | 268.33a | 57.72de | 21.46ab | 347.51ab |
D2 | 2.77a | 0.99ab | 0.39a | 4.15a | 4.59a | 0.78a | 0.57a | 5.94a | 269.86a | 70.21a | 18.83b | 358.90a | |
D3 | 2.54bc | 1.02a | 0.39a | 3.94ab | 4.42ab | 0.79a | 0.49a | 5.70ab | 254.11ab | 58.57cde | 20.54ab | 333.22bc | |
D4 | 2.31d | 0.99ab | 0.33ab | 3.63cd | 4.16ab | 0.53b | 0.48a | 5.18bc | 252.54ab | 54.76ef | 15.87c | 321.85c | |
D5 | 2.18d | 0.84bc | 0.27bc | 3.28ef | 3.66cd | 0.56b | 0.33b | 4.55de | 242.28bc | 54.15ef | 14.24c | 310.68cd | |
T2 | D1 | 2.71ab | 1.01a | 0.37a | 4.09ab | 4.51ab | 0.73a | 0.49a | 5.73ab | 265.38a | 65.91ab | 22.42ab | 353.72ab |
D2 | 2.63ab | 0.98ab | 0.36a | 3.96ab | 4.32ab | 0.75a | 0.57a | 5.64ab | 262.14ab | 63.03bc | 22.96a | 348.14ab | |
D3 | 2.51bc | 0.95ab | 0.37a | 3.83bc | 4.17ab | 0.71a | 0.44ab | 5.32bc | 254.05ab | 60.55cd | 19.27ab | 333.87bc | |
D4 | 2.37cd | 0.78c | 0.38a | 3.52de | 4.02bc | 0.54b | 0.35b | 4.91cd | 250.09ab | 49.19g | 21.45ab | 320.73c | |
D5 | 2.19d | 0.79c | 0.24c | 3.21f | 3.47d | 0.51b | 0.33b | 4.30e | 227.39c | 50.69fg | 12.85c | 290.93d |
滴头间距 Dripspacing | 毛管间距 Drip irrigation capillary spacing | 穗数 Spikes (104/hm2) | 穗粒数 Grains per spike | 千粒重 1000 grain weight (g) | 产量 Yield (kg/hm2) | 产值 Grainyield (元/hm2) | 毛管带费用 Droppercosts (元/hm2) | 经济效益 Economicprofit (元/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | D1 | 657.33ab | 29.29ab | 48.38ab | 9 034.39a | 24 663.89 | 3 200.00 | 17 063.89 |
D2 | 661.33a | 29.02b | 48.16b | 9 247.95a | 25 246.89 | 2 400.00 | 18 446.89 | |
D3 | 641.33bc | 29.44ab | 48.52a | 9 121.65a | 24 902.1 | 1 920.00 | 18 582.10 | |
D4 | 602.33d | 28.10c | 48.24b | 8 538.59c | 23 310.34 | 1 600.00 | 17 310.34 | |
D5 | 573.67e | 27.85c | 47.86cd | 8 127.25de | 22 187.4 | 1 371.43 | 16 415.97 | |
T2 | D1 | 649.33ab | 29.28ab | 48.09bc | 8 922.16ab | 24 357.49 | 3 733.33 | 16 224.16 |
D2 | 642.67bc | 29.85a | 48.18b | 9 140.87a | 24 954.58 | 2 800.00 | 17 754.58 | |
D3 | 630.67c | 29.06b | 48.20b | 8 672.28bc | 23 675.34 | 2 240.00 | 17 035.34 | |
D4 | 592.67d | 28.24c | 48.09bc | 8 338.42cd | 22 763.88 | 1 866.67 | 16 497.21 | |
D5 | 561.67e | 27.81c | 47.76d | 7 997.09e | 21 832.06 | 1 600.00 | 15 832.06 |
Tab.5 Effects of different treatments on yield and economic benefits of winter wheat
滴头间距 Dripspacing | 毛管间距 Drip irrigation capillary spacing | 穗数 Spikes (104/hm2) | 穗粒数 Grains per spike | 千粒重 1000 grain weight (g) | 产量 Yield (kg/hm2) | 产值 Grainyield (元/hm2) | 毛管带费用 Droppercosts (元/hm2) | 经济效益 Economicprofit (元/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T1 | D1 | 657.33ab | 29.29ab | 48.38ab | 9 034.39a | 24 663.89 | 3 200.00 | 17 063.89 |
D2 | 661.33a | 29.02b | 48.16b | 9 247.95a | 25 246.89 | 2 400.00 | 18 446.89 | |
D3 | 641.33bc | 29.44ab | 48.52a | 9 121.65a | 24 902.1 | 1 920.00 | 18 582.10 | |
D4 | 602.33d | 28.10c | 48.24b | 8 538.59c | 23 310.34 | 1 600.00 | 17 310.34 | |
D5 | 573.67e | 27.85c | 47.86cd | 8 127.25de | 22 187.4 | 1 371.43 | 16 415.97 | |
T2 | D1 | 649.33ab | 29.28ab | 48.09bc | 8 922.16ab | 24 357.49 | 3 733.33 | 16 224.16 |
D2 | 642.67bc | 29.85a | 48.18b | 9 140.87a | 24 954.58 | 2 800.00 | 17 754.58 | |
D3 | 630.67c | 29.06b | 48.20b | 8 672.28bc | 23 675.34 | 2 240.00 | 17 035.34 | |
D4 | 592.67d | 28.24c | 48.09bc | 8 338.42cd | 22 763.88 | 1 866.67 | 16 497.21 | |
D5 | 561.67e | 27.81c | 47.76d | 7 997.09e | 21 832.06 | 1 600.00 | 15 832.06 |
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