新疆不同品种哈密瓜品质特性分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.10.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究不同品种哈密瓜果实外观品质和营养品质特性,为科学评价和鉴定哈密瓜的品质特性奠定基础。【方法】以新疆主栽的6个哈密瓜品种为试材,测定外观品质和营养品质的相关指标,并将相关指标进行聚类分析,研究不同品种哈密瓜的品质特性。【结果】6个品种只有白玫果皮呈现出表面光洁的白色,可作为亮点,特色销售。果肉口感只有早醉仙和黄醉仙质地柔软,并带有果香。果实质地最硬的品种是白玫和新红心脆,耐贮性较强。除了新红心脆和西州密25号是大中型果,其余4个品种单瓜重在1~2 kg,大小适中。果实可溶性固形物除黄醉仙外,其余品种均达到14%以上。【结论】不同品种间含糖量、糖酸比差异显著,由大到小的排序均为黄皮9818>西州密25号>白玫>新红心脆>早醉仙>黄醉仙。早醉仙、黄醉仙、新红心脆为一类,黄皮9818、西州密25号、白玫为一类。不同品种哈密瓜品质存在差异。

关键词: 哈密瓜; 品种; 品质特性; 聚类分析

Abstract:

【Objective】 The research aims to study six varieties of Cucumis melo L. mainly planted in Xinjiang and analyze systematically the differences in appearance quality and nutritional quality characteristics, so as to lay a foundation for scientific evaluation and identification of the quality characteristics. 【Methods】 The quality characteristics of 6 varieties of Cucumis melo L. were analyzed by measuring the relative indexes of appearance quality and nutrient quality. 【Results】 Among the six varieties, only the Baimei showed white and smooth surface,which could be sold as a highlight for feature sales. Only the pulps of Huangzuixian and Zaozuixian were of soft texture with special aroma, which should focus on the elderly and children. The varieties with the hardest texture are the Baimei and Xinhongxincui, which indicated that the storability was the strongest. Except that Xinhongxincui and Xizhoumi No.25 belonged to large or middle size melons, the rest four cultivars were of moderate sizes between 1 and 2 kg. The soluble solid in those melons reached more than 14% except the Huangzuixian. 【Conclusion】 There were significant differences in soluble content and sugar-acid ratio among different varieties, and the order from large to small was as follows: Huangpi No. 9818 > Xizhoumi No. 25 > Baimei > Hongxincui > Zaozuixian > Huangzuixian. The results of cluster analysis showed that Zaozuixian, Huangzuixian and Xinhongxincui were categorized into one class, and Huangpi No. 9818, Xizhoumi No. 25 and Baimei were classified into another category. Different varieties of Cucumis melo L. have different quality, so consumers can choose according to their different preferences.

Key words: Cucumis melo L.; varieties; quality characteristics; clustering analysis

中图分类号:

S652

闫淼, 胡国智, 熊韬, 冯炯鑫. 新疆不同品种哈密瓜品质特性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(10): 1802-1808.

Miao YAN, Guozhi HU, Tao XIONG, Jiongxin FENG. Quality Properities of Different Varieties of Cucumis melo L. in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(10): 1802-1808.

图/表 6

参考文献 15

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品种 Variety	外观特性 Appearance quality	肉色 Flesh color	果肉口感 Fruit flavor	果实形状 Fruit shape
黄皮9818 Yellow Rind 9818	黄皮,全网纹	橘红	细甜	椭圆
西州密25号 Xizhoumi 25	麻绿底,网纹	橙红	脆甜	椭圆
新红心脆 New Hongxincui	灰绿底,网纹	浅桔	脆甜	长圆
白玫 White Rose	白皮,少网纹或光皮	浅桔红	脆甜	卵圆
早醉仙 Zao zuixian	黄底、绿斑,稀网纹或无网纹	浅白色	柔软,有果香	卵圆
黄醉仙 Huang zuixian	金黄色,稀网纹或光皮	清白色	柔软,有果香	高圆

品种 Variety	外观特性 Appearance quality	肉色 Flesh color	果肉口感 Fruit flavor	果实形状 Fruit shape
黄皮9818 Yellow Rind 9818	黄皮,全网纹	橘红	细甜	椭圆
西州密25号 Xizhoumi 25	麻绿底,网纹	橙红	脆甜	椭圆
新红心脆 New Hongxincui	灰绿底,网纹	浅桔	脆甜	长圆
白玫 White Rose	白皮,少网纹或光皮	浅桔红	脆甜	卵圆
早醉仙 Zao zuixian	黄底、绿斑,稀网纹或无网纹	浅白色	柔软,有果香	卵圆
黄醉仙 Huang zuixian	金黄色,稀网纹或光皮	清白色	柔软,有果香	高圆

品种 Variety	纵径 Vertical diameter (cm)	横径 Transverse diameter (cm)	肉厚 Thickness of pulp (cm)	单瓜重 Weight per fruit (kg)	果形指数 Fruit shape index	果实硬度 Fruit firmness (kg/cm)
黄皮9818 Yellow Rind 9818	19.9±0.68^bc	13.58±0.18^c	2.80±0.24^bc	1.98±0.09^b	1.46±0.03^b	1.40±0.07^b
西州密25号 Xizhoumi 25	21.38±0.74^b	15.23±0.54^b	2.43±0.25^c	2.15±0.16^b	1.49±0.04^b	1.72±0.17^ab
新红心脆 New Hongxincui	28.31±0.86^a	14.36±0.31^bc	2.91±0.08^bc	3.38±0.54^a	1.97±0.03^a	1.80±0.05^a
白玫 White Rose	13.83±0.21^d	20.57±0.49^a	3.58±0.31^a	1.80±0.08^b	1.40±0.03^c	1.96±0.09^a
早醉仙 Zao zuixian	19.94±0.26^bc	14.77±0.15^b	3.16±0.09^a	1.75±0.13^b	1.35±0.02^c	0.84±0.01^c
黄醉仙 Huang zuixian	18.63±0.72^c	14.32±0.21^bc	2.91±0.14^bc	1.74±0.07^b	1.30±0.04^d	1.06±0.07^c

品种 Variety	纵径 Vertical diameter (cm)	横径 Transverse diameter (cm)	肉厚 Thickness of pulp (cm)	单瓜重 Weight per fruit (kg)	果形指数 Fruit shape index	果实硬度 Fruit firmness (kg/cm)
黄皮9818 Yellow Rind 9818	19.9±0.68^bc	13.58±0.18^c	2.80±0.24^bc	1.98±0.09^b	1.46±0.03^b	1.40±0.07^b
西州密25号 Xizhoumi 25	21.38±0.74^b	15.23±0.54^b	2.43±0.25^c	2.15±0.16^b	1.49±0.04^b	1.72±0.17^ab
新红心脆 New Hongxincui	28.31±0.86^a	14.36±0.31^bc	2.91±0.08^bc	3.38±0.54^a	1.97±0.03^a	1.80±0.05^a
白玫 White Rose	13.83±0.21^d	20.57±0.49^a	3.58±0.31^a	1.80±0.08^b	1.40±0.03^c	1.96±0.09^a
早醉仙 Zao zuixian	19.94±0.26^bc	14.77±0.15^b	3.16±0.09^a	1.75±0.13^b	1.35±0.02^c	0.84±0.01^c
黄醉仙 Huang zuixian	18.63±0.72^c	14.32±0.21^bc	2.91±0.14^bc	1.74±0.07^b	1.30±0.04^d	1.06±0.07^c

品种 Variety	果皮色度 Skin color index
品种 Variety	L	a	b	h	C
黄皮9818 Yellow Rind 9818	99.99±0.00^a	17.02±0.63^b	109.7±6.84^a	0.16±0.01^b	111.1±6.79^a
西州密25号 Xizhoumi 25	99.45±0.36^a	-10.82±0.79^d	45.21±3.38^c	-0.24± 0.01^d	46.49±3.46^c
新红心脆 New Hongxincui	94.73±2.19^b	-2.29±0.91^c	34.00±2.11^c	-0.07± 0.03^c	34.14±2.09^c
白玫 White Rose	99.99±0.00^a	21.78±1.01^a	52.40±1.00^c	0.42± 0.02^a	56.80±0.92^c
早醉仙 Zao zuixian	93.55±2.51^b	-3.59±1.74^c	78.65±6.82^b	-0.05± 0.02^c	78.84±6.77^b
黄醉仙 Huang zuixian	97.41±1.42^ab	16.09±2.02^b	121.9±12.35^a	0.13± 0.01^b	123.0±12.48^a