外源硅滴施对弱光胁迫下冬小麦生长及生理特性的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.010

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (2): 336-343.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.02.010

• 作物遗传育种·耕作栽培·种质资源·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

外源硅滴施对弱光胁迫下冬小麦生长及生理特性的影响

张永强¹^,²(), 方辉², 陈传信¹^,², 聂石辉¹^,², 赛力汗·赛¹^,², 徐其江¹^,², 陈兴武¹^,², 雷钧杰¹^,²()

1.新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2022-05-17 出版日期:2023-02-20 发布日期:2023-03-31
通信作者: 雷钧杰(1973-),男,研究员,博士,研究方向为小麦高产栽培生理,(E-mail)leijunjie@sohu.com.
作者简介:张永强(1988-),男,副研究员,研究方向为作物高产栽培生理,(E-mail)zyq988@yeah.net
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31960379);国家自然科学基金(51879267);天山雪松计划(2019XS16);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD020040609);新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”人才培养项目;国家小麦产业技术体系乌鲁木齐综合试验站(CARS-3)

Effect of Exogenous Silicon Drip Application on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Winter Wheat under Low Light Stress

ZHANG Yongqiang¹^,²(), FANG Hui², CHEN Chuanxin¹^,², NIE Shihui¹^,², Sailihan Sai¹^,², XU Qijiang¹^,², CHEN Xingwu¹^,², LEI Junjie¹^,²()

1. Research Institute of Food Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
2. Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology Ecology and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi 830091,China

Received:2022-05-17 Online:2023-02-20 Published:2023-03-31
Correspondence author: LEI Junjie(1973-), male, researcher. research area: crop yield cultivation, (E-mail)leijunjie@sohu.com
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960379);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51879267);Tianshan Cedar Project(2019XS16);Nation Key Research and Development Program Project of China(2018YFD020040609);Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "Tianshan Talents" Talent Training Project;Urumqi Comprehensive Experimental station of National Wheat Industry Technology System(CARS-3)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究外源硅滴施对弱光胁迫下冬小麦生长及生理特性的影响。【方法】 于2018~2019年在新疆南疆采用盆栽试验进行,以新冬60号为材料,自冬小麦拔节期至成熟期,用黑色遮阳网进行25%遮阴处理,在冬小麦拔节期设置5个外源硅(Na₂SiO₃分析纯)滴施量分别为7.5 kg/hm²(Si₁)、15 kg/hm²(Si₂)、22.5 kg/hm²(Si₃)、30 kg/hm²(Si₄)、37.5 kg/hm²(Si₅)和清水对照(Si₀)共6个处理,测定不同处理冬小麦植株性状、叶片光合特性及小穗发育和籽粒性状,分析外源硅滴施对弱光胁迫下冬小麦调控效应,并筛选出适宜的外源硅滴施量。【结果】 弱光胁迫下,外源硅滴施可以增加冬小麦的株高、茎粗、穗长和叶片SPAD值;改善了叶片光合性能,提高了旗叶的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Gs);增加了可孕小穗数,降低了不孕小穗数;单茎生物量、穗粒数和穗粒重均明显提高;各指标在Si₃处理达到最优。【结论】 硅能改善弱光胁迫下冬小麦植株的生长状况,提高光合作用,提高可孕小穗数、穗粒数和穗粒重,以外源硅滴施22.5 kg/hm²时最佳。

关键词: 弱光胁迫; 硅; 冬小麦; 生理特性; 小穗

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the effect of exogenous silicon drip application on the growth and physiological characteristics of winter wheat under low light stress. 【Methods】 Pot experiment was conducted in southern Xinjiang from 2018 to 2019, and Xindong 60 was used as the experimental material. From jointing stage to mature stage, the winter wheat was shaded by black shading net at 25%. At the jointing stage of winter wheat, five exogenous silicon (Na₂SiO₃analysis pure) were applied at the drip rates of 7.5 kg/hm² (Si₁), 15 kg/hm² (Si₂), 22.5 kg/hm² (Si₃), 30 kg/hm² (Si₄) and 37.5 kg/hm²(Si₅), respectively. 【Results】 The results showed that under low light stress, exogenous silicon drip application could increase the SPAD value of plant height, stem diameter, ear length and leaves of winter wheat The photosynthetic performance of leaves and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of flag leaves were improved. The number of fertile spikelets increased and the number of infertile spikelets decreased. The biomass per stem, grain number per spike and grain weight per spike increased significantly. Each index reached the best in Si₃ treatment. 【Conclusion】 Comprehensive analysis shows that silicon can improve the growth of winter wheat plants under low light stress, improve photosynthesis, and increase the number of fertile spikelets, grains per spike and grain weight per spike. Under the experimental conditions, the best application of exogenous silicon is 22.5 kg/hm², which can provide reference for production.

Key words: low light stress; silicon; winter wheat; physiological characteristics; spikelet

中图分类号:

S512

张永强, 方辉, 陈传信, 聂石辉, 赛力汗·赛, 徐其江, 陈兴武, 雷钧杰. 外源硅滴施对弱光胁迫下冬小麦生长及生理特性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(2): 336-343.

ZHANG Yongqiang, FANG Hui, CHEN Chuanxin, NIE Shihui, Sailihan Sai, XU Qijiang, CHEN Xingwu, LEI Junjie. Effect of Exogenous Silicon Drip Application on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Winter Wheat under Low Light Stress[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(2): 336-343.

图/表 5

图1 外源硅滴施弱光胁迫下冬小麦植株性状变化注:不同小写字母表示差异达0.05显著水平,下同

Fig.1 Effect of exogenous silicon drip application on plant characters of winter wheat under low light stress Note:The different letters indicate significant difference at 0.05, the same as below

图2 外源硅滴施弱光胁迫下冬小麦SPAD值变化

Fig.2 Effect of exogenous silicon drip application on SPAD value of winter wheat under low light stress

图3 外源硅滴施弱光胁迫下冬小麦叶片光合特性变化

Fig.3 Effect of exogenous silicon drip application on photosynthetic characteristics of winter wheat leaves under low light stress

图4 外源硅滴施弱光胁迫下冬小麦小穗孕性变化

Fig.4 Effect of exogenous silicon drip application on spikelet pregnancy of winter wheat under low light stress

表1 外源硅滴施弱光胁迫下冬小麦产量性状变化

Table 1 Effect of exogenous silicon drip application on yield traits of winter wheat under low light stress

处理 Treatments	单茎生物量 Single stem biomass (g/茎)	穗粒数 Ggrain number per spike (粒)	穗粒重 Grain weight per spike (g)
Si₀	1.32^d	16.43^e	0.62^d
Si₁	1.77^b	19.10^c	0.89^c
Si₂	1.84^a	21.27^b	0.92^b
Si₃	1.85^a	24.63^a	0.96^a
Si₄	1.51^c	20.47^b	0.90^c
Si₅	1.36^d	17.63^d	0.63^d

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外源硅滴施对弱光胁迫下冬小麦生长及生理特性的影响

Effect of Exogenous Silicon Drip Application on Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Winter Wheat under Low Light Stress

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