烟粉虱对3种寄主植物的田间和室内趋性

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.11.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究烟粉虱对3种寄主植物的田间和室内趋性,为采用“推-拉”技术防控烟粉虱提供参考。【方法】以棉花、苘麻和蓖麻为材料,采用田间调查方法,研究烟粉虱对棉花和苘麻趋性。于室内以罩笼选择法,测定该虫对以上3种寄主植物的选择性。【结果】2019年棉田烟粉虱成虫于8月中旬进入高峰期,若虫于8月下旬进入盛期。田埂苘麻8月中旬上、中、下3张叶片上成虫数量达到90.5头/株,田间棉花上达到30.9头/株,8月下旬苘麻上若虫量达到31.7头/株,棉花上有虫14.1头/株;棉田烟粉虱对苘麻有明显的趋性,苘麻上的烟粉虱虫量始终与棉花上存在显著差异,且在8月上中旬,近苘麻的棉花植株上烟粉虱有趋向苘麻的趋势,8月下旬后近苘麻的棉花上烟粉虱虫量也比远离苘麻的棉花上多;有60.6%的烟粉虱趋向于苘麻,棉花上只有27.0%,蓖麻上仅12.4%,苘麻与棉花、蓖麻上的烟粉虱虫量存在显著差异。【结论】苘麻对烟粉虱引诱效果最好。

关键词: 烟粉虱; 棉花; 苘麻; 蓖麻; 选择性

Abstract:

【Objective】 Bemisia tabaci is an important pest on cotton and other crops. Once the outbreak occurs, the loss of cotton yield and quality is extremely serious.【Method】 According to the field investigation and analysis of the tropism of B. tabaci to cotton and A. theophrasti, this article uses cotton, Abutilon theophrasti, and castor oil plant as materials to investigate the selectivity of the insect to the above three host plants in an indoor cage. 【Result】 The results showed that the adult population of B. tabaci in cotton fields reached the peak in mid-August in 2019, and the nymphs reached the peak in late August. In mid-August, the number of adult on the upper, middle, and lower three leaves of A. theophrasti reached 90.5 adults/plant, 30.9 adults/plant on cotton field. In late August, the number of nymphs on A. theophrasti reached 31.7 nymphs/plant, and 14.1 nymphs/plant oncotton. B. tabaci in cotton fields has obvious tropism to A. theophrasti, and the amount of B. tabaci on abutilon was always significantly different from that on cotton. And in early and mid-August, B. tabaci on cotton plants close to A. theophrasti has a tendency to move to A. theophrasti. After late August, the amount of B. tabaci on the cotton near the A. theophrasti was also more than that on the cotton far away from the A. theophrasti. Indoor cage experiments showed that 60.6% of B. tabaci chose A. theophrasti, only 27.0% on cotton and only 12.4% on castor oil plant. 【Conclusion】 Moreover, there were significant differences in the amount of B. tabaci on A. theophrasti, cotton and castor oil plant. This provides an important reference for the use of “push-pull” technology to prevent and control B. tabaci.

Key words: Bemisia tabaci; cotton; Abutilon theophrasti; castor oil plant; selection

中图分类号:

S433

陈文斌, 刘喆, 刘宗泉, 仇保华, 杨益众. 烟粉虱对3种寄主植物的田间和室内趋性[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(11): 2049-2055.

CHEN Wenbin, LIU Zhe, LIU Zhongquan, QIU Baohua, YANG Yizhong. The Selection Behavior of Bemisia tabaci on Three Host Plants in the Field and Indoor Cage[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(11): 2049-2055.

图/表 7

图1 样本中mtDNA-CO1基因片段PCR产物凝胶电泳

Fig. 1 Gel electrophoresis of PCR products of mtDNA-CO1 gene fragments in samples

图2 相同时间、不同位置烟粉虱成虫数量变化注:柱形图上方不同小写字母表示同一调查时间、不同距离寄主上虫量差异显著(P≤0.05)。

Fig.2 The number of adult B. tabaci in different locations at the same time Note: Different lowercase letters above the columns indicate significant differences in B. tabaci on hosts at different distances at the same survey time (P<0.05)

图3 相同时间、不同距离烟粉虱若虫数量变化注:柱形图上方不同小写字母表示同一调查时间、不同距离寄主上虫量差异显著(P≤0.05)。

Fig.3 The number of nymphs of B. tabaci in different locations at the same time Note: Different lowercase letters above the columns indicate significant differences in B. tabaci on hosts at different distances at the same survey time (P<0.05).

表1 不同时间与寄主上烟粉虱成虫数量变化(头/株)

Table 1 The number of adult B. tabaci in different locations

寄主与位置 (host and location)	8月上旬 (Early August)	8月中旬 (Middle August)	8月下旬 (Late August)
苘麻(A. theophrasti)	10.13±1.11^{c A}	94.80±7.72^{a A}	31.73±4.96^{b A}
1 m棉花(1 m' cotton from A. theophrasti)	4.00±0.92^{b B}	13.07±2.98^{a C}	14.13±3.00^{a B}
3 m棉花(3 m' cotton from A. theophrasti)	6.27±1.05^{c B}	19.60±2.49^{a BC}	13.20±1.83^{b B}
5 m棉花(5 m' cotton from A. theophrasti)	5.80±2.78^{b B}	16.07±2.71^{a C}	12.00±2.28^{a B}
7 m棉花(7 m'cotton from A. theophrasti)	6.60±1.26^{b B}	30.87±5.25^{a B}	8.87±1.43^{b B}

图4 相同位置、不同时间烟粉虱成虫数量变化注:柱形图上方不同小写字母等表示同一寄主、不同调查时间虫量差异显著(P≤0.05)

Fig.4 The number of adult B. tabaci in the same location at different times Note: Different lowercase letters above the column indicate significant differences in B. tabaci on the same host at different time of investigation(P≤0.05)

图5 相同位置、不同时间烟粉虱若虫数量变化注:柱形图上方不同小写字母表示示同一寄主、不同调查时间虫量差异显著(P≤0.05)

Fig.5 The number of B. tabaci nymphs in the same location at different times Note: Different lowercase letters above the column indicate significant differences in B. tabaci on the same host at different time of investigation(P≤0.05)

图6 罩笼内烟粉虱对不同寄主植物的趋性偏好注:柱形图上方不同小写字母表示同一时间、不同寄主上虫量差异显著(P<0.05)

Fig.6 Tactic preference of B. tabaci to different host plants in cage Note: Different lowercase letters above the columns indicate significant differences in the number of B. tabaci on different hosts at the same time(P<0.05)

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