盐碱旱地减氮增施叶肥对棉花光合特征产量和品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.11.002

新疆农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (11): 1971-1978.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.11.002

盐碱旱地减氮增施叶肥对棉花光合特征产量和品质的影响

平文超¹, 石学萍², 蒋建勋¹, 赵光辉³, 刘贞贞¹, 曹平平¹, 薛文¹, 张永江⁴, 王长安⁵, 王安录¹, 张忠波¹

1.沧州市农林科学院/河北省农作物耐盐碱评价与遗传改良重点实验室,河北沧州 061001;
2.国家半干旱农业工程技术研究中心,河北石家庄 050011;
3.沧州职业技术学院,河北沧州 061001;
4.河北农业大学农学院/河北省作物生长调控重点实验室,河北保定 071000;
5.孟村回族自治县农业技术推广站,河北沧州 064000

收稿日期:2020-03-15 出版日期:2020-11-20 发布日期:2020-10-23
通信作者: 张永江(1977-),河北抚宁人,副教授,博士,研究方向为棉花栽培生理和光谱监测,(E-mail)yongjiangzh@sina.com
张忠波(1979-),河北沧州人,助理研究员,研究方向为优质抗逆棉花育种与栽培,(E-mail)1756450584@qq.com
作者简介:平文超(1981-),河北邱县人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为棉花抗逆栽培生理,(E-mail)pingwenchao@126.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201900);沧州市高层次人才资助项目

Effects of Reduced Nitrogen and Increased Leaf Fertilizer Application on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield and Quality of Cotton in Saline-alkali Dryland

PING Wenchao¹, SHI Xueping², JIANG Jianxun¹, ZHAO Guanghui³, LIU Zhenzhen¹, CAO Pingping¹, XUE Wen¹, ZHANG Yongjiang⁴, WANG Changan⁵, WANG Anlu¹, ZHANG Zhongbo¹

1. Cangzhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Cangzhou Hehei 061001, China;
2. The semi-arid Agricultural Engineering & Technology Research Center of P. R. China, Shijiazhuang Hebei 050011, China;
3. Cangzhou Technical College, Cangzhou Hehei 061001, China;
4. College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province, Baoding Hebei 071001, China;
5. Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Hui Autonomous County of Mengcun, Cangzhou Hehei 064000, China

Received:2020-03-15 Online:2020-11-20 Published:2020-10-23
Correspondence author: ZHANG Yongjiang(1977-),from Funing,Hehei,Associate Professor,PhD.His research interests are cotton cultivation physiology and spectral monitoring.(E-mail)yongjiangzh@sina.com
ZHANG Zhongbo(1979-),from Cangzhou,Hehei,Associate Professor.His research interests are cotton breeding and cultivation for stress resistant,(E-mail)1756450584@qq.com
Supported by:
Supported by the National Key R & D Program Project (2017YFD0201900)and Cangzhou City High Level Talent Project

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 滨海盐碱旱地条件下,研究不同水平减施氮肥配合增施叶面肥对棉花光合特征、产量和品质的影响,分析增施叶面肥对棉花氮肥减施的补偿效应,研究棉花稳产前提下的氮肥减施补偿策略,为滨海盐碱旱地棉花减肥增效规模化种植提供数据支持和理论依据。【方法】 设置施氮量分别为0(CK)、60(N₁)、90(N₂)、120(N₃)、150(N₄)、180(N₅)、225(N₆) kg/hm² 7个水平,其中N₁~N₄喷施叶面肥4次,测定处理植株农艺性状、主茎叶SPAD值、光合特征指标、籽棉产量和纤维品质指标。【结果】 花铃期处理棉花主茎叶SPAD值随氮肥施用量的减少而降低,增施叶面肥后各减氮处理主茎叶SPAD值差异不显著;主茎叶净光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(Tr)随施氮量的减少而降低,胞间CO₂浓度(Ci)逐渐增加;施氮量225~60 kg/hm²时,籽棉产量、单株铃数、单铃重和衣分随氮肥施用量减少而降低,其中施氮量90~150 kg/hm²增施叶面肥处理与180 kg/hm²处理间的籽棉产量差异不显著;纤维断裂比强度和整齐度随氮肥用量的减少先升高再降低,马克隆值逐渐升高,对纤维长度和伸长率没有显著影响。【结论】 盐碱旱地减施氮肥配合增施叶面肥,对棉花主茎叶片光合速率、籽棉产量及纤维品质的负面影响有一定减缓作用,“减氮肥+增叶肥”施肥模式有助于产量稳定,减少氮肥投入,降低环境污染。

关键词: 棉花; 盐碱旱地; 减施氮量; 增施叶面肥; 产量与品质

Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the effects of reducing nitrogen fertilizer combined with increasing foliar fertilizer on photosynthetic parameters, yield and quality of cotton under the saline and dry land conditions in the hope of assessing the compensation effect of increasing foliar fertilizer on reduced nitrogen fertilizer of cotton. 【Method】 There were 7 nitrogen application rates: 0 (CK), 60 (N₁), 90 (N₂), 120 (N₃), 150 (N₄), 180 (N₅), and 225 (N₆) kg/hm². Among them, N₁-N₄ was sprayed four times. Then leaf SPAD values, photosynthetic parameters, plant agronomic traits, yield and fiber quality were measured. 【Result】 The leaf SPAD value at the flowering and boll-setting stage decreased with the reduction of the nitrogen application. No differences were found in the SPAD value between N₁, N₂, N₃ and N₄ after the application of foliar fertilizer. Leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and Transpiration rate (Tr) decreased with the reduction of nitrogen application rate, while the intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci) gradually increased. In general, cotton yield, boll number per plant, boll weight and lint percentage decreased with the reduction of nitrogen application. No differences in cotton yield were found among N₂, N₃, N₄ and N₅. Fiber quality parameters specific breaking strength and uniformity index increased first and then decreased, micron value decreased along with the reduction of nitrogen, but no significant differences were found in fiber length and elongation rate. 【Conclusion】 The application of nitrogen fertilizer in saline-alkali dry land combined with the application of foliar fertilizer has a certain effect on the negative effects of photosynthetic rate, seed cotton yield and fiber quality. This technique might be helpful to reduce nitrogen fertilizer input, stabilize cotton production and reduce environmental pollution.

Key words: cotton; saline-alkali dryland; reduced amount of nitrogen fertilizer; increased application of foliar fertilizer; yield and quality

中图分类号:

S562

平文超, 石学萍, 蒋建勋, 赵光辉, 刘贞贞, 曹平平, 薛文, 张永江, 王长安, 王安录, 张忠波. 盐碱旱地减氮增施叶肥对棉花光合特征产量和品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020, 57(11): 1971-1978.

PING Wenchao, SHI Xueping, JIANG Jianxun, ZHAO Guanghui, LIU Zhenzhen, CAO Pingping, XUE Wen, ZHANG Yongjiang, WANG Changan, WANG Anlu, ZHANG Zhongbo. Effects of Reduced Nitrogen and Increased Leaf Fertilizer Application on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield and Quality of Cotton in Saline-alkali Dryland[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 57(11): 1971-1978.

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盐碱旱地减氮增施叶肥对棉花光合特征产量和品质的影响

Effects of Reduced Nitrogen and Increased Leaf Fertilizer Application on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield and Quality of Cotton in Saline-alkali Dryland

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