新疆制种区早熟玉米杂交种子收获期与活力的关系

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.09.003

新疆农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (9): 1586-1595.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.09.003

新疆制种区早熟玉米杂交种子收获期与活力的关系

韩登旭, 杨杰, 王业建, 郗浩江, 梁晓玲, 李铭东, 阿布来提·阿布拉

新疆农业科学院粮食作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2020-04-15 发布日期:2020-09-01
通信作者: 阿布来提·阿布拉(1968-),男,新疆人,研究员,研究方向为玉米遗传育种,(E-mail)abletabl@163.com;杨杰(1980-),男,甘肃人,副研究员,研究方向为玉米遗传育种,(E-mail)yangjie111@sina.cn
作者简介:韩登旭(1983-),男,甘肃人,副研究员,硕士,研究方向为玉米遗传育种,(E-mail)dreamhdx@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划“玉米种子活力及其保持技术研究与应用”(2018YFD0100903);自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费“玉米耐低温萌发种质鉴定筛选及QTL群体构建”(ky2018019、ky2019008);新疆农业科学院青年科技基金项目“杂交玉米种子成熟度与种子活力的关系研究”(xjnkq-2014006);国家玉米产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-02-57);国家自然科学基金项目“玉米开花期雄穗耐干枯QTL候选基因挖掘及耐旱材料创制”(31960430);新疆农业科学院科技创新重点培育专项“西北干旱与半干旱区籽粒机收玉米种质创新关键技术研究与应用”(xjkcpy-2020002);自治区天山英才工程培养项目。

The Relationship between Harvest Time and Vigor of Early Maize Hybrid Seed in Xinjiang Seed Production Area

HAN Dengxu, YANG Jie, WANG Yejian, XI Haojiang, LIANG Xiaoling, LI Mingdong, Abulaiti Abula

Institute of Food Crops of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2020-04-15 Published:2020-09-01
Correspondence author: Abulaiti Abula (1968-), male, researcher, research direction for maize genetics and breeding, (E-mail) abletabl@163.com;Yang Jie (1980-), male, associate researcher, research direction for maize genetics and breeding, (E-mail) Yangjie111@sina.cn
Supported by:
Supported by National key R & D Project (2018YFD0100903); Basic Scientific R & D Program of Public Welfare Research Institutions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China (ky2018019, ky2019008); Outstanding Young Scientific Talent Foundation of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science (xjnkq-2014006); China Agriculture Research System (Maize) (CARS-02-57); National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960430); Special Projects for Cultivating Scientific and Technological Innovation of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (xjkcpy-2020002); Tianshan Excellence Project Training Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China.

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 研究新疆制种基地早熟玉米杂交种种子收获期与种子活力的关系,确定高活力种子的最佳收获期,为制种企业生产高质量种子提供理论依据。【方法】 选择新疆早熟玉米品种新玉29号、新玉35号和新玉54号3个杂交种制种生产,授粉后每隔3 d收获果穗1次,并测定籽粒水分,种子晾干后,通过标准发芽、冷试验、田间出苗鉴定和种子相对电导率测定,评价玉米种子活力。【结果】 不同收获期玉米种子籽粒含水量、标准发芽率、冷发芽、田间出苗率和相对电导率存在差异,3个玉米杂交种籽粒生理脱水速率表现为新玉35号＞新玉29号＞新玉54号,籽粒灌浆速率表现为新玉29号＞新玉54号＞新玉35号,早熟玉米新玉29号在授粉后48～63 d收获的种子,标准发芽率都在93.3%以上,冷发芽率在92.0%以上,田间实际出苗率在89.0%以上。新玉35号在授粉后48～63 d收获的种子,标准发芽率都在93.3%以上,冷发芽率在90.0%以上,田间实际出苗率在89.0%以上。新玉54号在授粉后48～63 d收获的种子,标准发芽率都在94.7%以上,冷发芽率在90.0%以上,田间实际出苗率在89.3%以上。【结论】 在新疆早熟制种区可以用授粉后天数作为参考指标,指导杂交种子生产田收获,获得高活力的杂交种子,比常规收获时间提前7～12 d,有效避免早霜对玉米种子质量的影响。

关键词: 玉米; 杂交种子; 收获期; 活力

Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the relationship between seed harvesting time and seed vigor of early-maturing maize hybrids in Xinjiang seed production base in the hope of providing theoretical basis for seed production enterprises to produce high-quality seeds.【Methods】 Early main maize varieties Xinyu 29, Xinyu 35 and Xinyu 54 in Xinjiang were chosen for hybrid seed production, after pollination every three days, they were harvested, and their grain moisture contents were determined. After the seeds were dried, maize seed vigor was evaluated by standard germination, cold test, field seedling emergence identification and relative conductivity measurement.【Results】 There were differences in water content, standard germination rate, cold test germination rate, field emergence rate and relative electrical conductivity of maize seeds in different harvesting periods. The content of Xinyu 35 was greater than that of Xinyu 29, the conetent of Xinyu 29 was greater than that of Xinyu 54 in terms of physiological dehydration rate. The grain-filling rate of Xinyu 29 was greater than that of Xinyu 54, while that of Xinyu 54 was greater than Xinyu 35's. The seeds of Xinyu 29 were harvested 48-63 d after pollination, the standard germination rate was above 93.3%, cold test germination rate was above 92.0% and the actual seedling emergence rate was above 89.0%. The seeds of Xinyu 35 were harvested 48-63 d after pollination, the standard germination rate was above 93.3%, cold test germination rate was above 90.0% and the actual seedling emergence rate was above 89.0%. The seeds of Xinyu 54 were harvested 48-63 d after pollination, the standard germination rate was above 94.7%, cold test germination rate was above 90.0% and the actual seedling emergence rate was above 89.3%.【Conclusion】 In the early-maturing seed production area of Xinjiang, the days after pollination can be used as a reference index to guide the field harvest of hybrid seeds, so as to obtain hybrid seeds with high vigor.

Key words: maize; hybrid seed; harvest time; vigor

中图分类号:

S513

韩登旭, 杨杰, 王业建, 郗浩江, 梁晓玲, 李铭东, 阿布来提·阿布拉. 新疆制种区早熟玉米杂交种子收获期与活力的关系[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020, 57(9): 1586-1595.

HAN Dengxu, YANG Jie, WANG Yejian, XI Haojiang, LIANG Xiaoling, LI Mingdong, Abulaiti Abula. The Relationship between Harvest Time and Vigor of Early Maize Hybrid Seed in Xinjiang Seed Production Area[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 57(9): 1586-1595.

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新疆制种区早熟玉米杂交种子收获期与活力的关系

The Relationship between Harvest Time and Vigor of Early Maize Hybrid Seed in Xinjiang Seed Production Area

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