施氮量对青贮大麦生产性能、氮肥利用率和品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究新疆北部地区不同施氮量对青贮大麦生产性能、青贮原料品质和氮肥利用效率的影响。【方法】采用两因素随机区组设计,以2个大麦品种(垦啤麦13和甘啤4号)为研究对象,施氮量为0 (N0)、40 (N40)、80 (N80)和160 kg/hm²(N160),分析青贮大麦的农艺性状、干物质产量、青贮原料营养成分和氮肥利用效率。【结果】青贮大麦的农艺性状、产量、品质和氮肥利用率显著受施氮量的影响。随着施氮量的增加,2个大麦品种的株高和总茎数显著增加,茎粗先增加后降低,不同施氮量下的阈值大小为总茎数>株高>茎粗。增加施氮使垦啤麦13茎、叶比例降低,穗比例增高,对甘啤4号无显著性影响。增加施氮使垦啤麦13和甘啤4号干草产量显著性增加,N160处理下最大,较N0处理增收76.1%和148.7%。施氮使2个品种大麦的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量降低,粗蛋白含量增加,垦啤麦13可溶性碳水化合物含量先增加后降低。氮肥偏生产力随施氮量增加显著性降低。2个品种氮肥农学利用效率N80处理下最大。【结论】新疆北部地区青贮大麦施氮量为80 kg/hm²。

关键词: 大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.); 施氮量; 产量; 氮肥利用率; 营养价值

Abstract: 【Objective】 To explore the effects of different nitrogen application rates on the production performance, silage raw material quality and nitrogen use efficiency of silage barley in northern Xinjiang, a two-factor randomized block design was used, four nitrogen application rates (0 (N0), 40 (N40), 80 (N80) and 160 kg/hm² (N160).) were set in this experiment.【Method】In this study, two barley varieties (Kenmaomai 13 and Ganbei 4) were studied by two-factor random block design, and the nitrogen application rates were 0(N0), 40 (N40), 80(N80) and 160 kg/hm² (N160) to analyze the agronomic characters, dry matter yield, nutritional composition of silage raw materials and nitrogen utilization efficiency of silage barley.【Result】The results showed that the agronomic characters, yield, quality and nitrogen use efficiency of silage barley were significantly affected by nitrogen application rate. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the plant height and total stem number of the two varieties of silage barley increased significantly, and the stem diameter increased at first and then decreased. The threshold value under different nitrogen application rates was: total stem number > plant height > stem diameter. Increasing nitrogen application decreased the proportion of stems and leaves of Kenpimai13 and increased the proportion of tassels, but had no significant effect on Ganpi 4. With the increase of nitrogen application, the hay yield of Kenpimai13 and Ganpi4 increased significantly, which was the highest under N160 treatment, and compared with N0 treatment, the income was increased by 76.1% and 148.7%. Increasing nitrogen application decreased the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, increased the content of crude protein, and the content of soluble carbohydrate in Kenpimai13. The partial factor productivity of applying N decreased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The agricultural nitrogen utilization efficiency of two varieties was the highest under N80 treatment.【Conclusion】In order to increase nitrogen use efficiency and obtain high yield and good quality barley, 80 kg/hm² N is recommended to be applied to silage barley in northern Xinjiang.

Key words: barley (Hordeum vulgare L.); nitrogen application rate; yield; nitrogen utilization efficiency; nutritional value

中图分类号:

S512.3

赵准, 李剑, 宋瑞娇, 齐军仓. 施氮量对青贮大麦生产性能、氮肥利用率和品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020, 57(5): 910-917.

ZHAO Zhun, LI Jian, SONG Ruijiao, QI Juncang. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Production Performance, Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency and Quality of Barley Silage[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 57(5): 910-917.

参考文献

[1] 陈明贤, 张国平. 全球大麦发展现状及中国大麦产业发展分析[J]. 大麦与谷类科学, 2010, 10(4): 1-4.
CHEN Mingxian, ZHANG Guoping. The status of global barley development and analysis of barley industrialization in China [J]. Barley and Cereals Sciences, 2005, 10(4): 1-4.
[2] 卢良恕. 中国大麦学[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1995.
LU Liangnu. Chinese barley science [M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 1995.
[3] 张融, 李先德. 饲料大麦的应用价值及开发前景[J]. 中国食物与营养, 2015, 21(7): 27-31.
ZHANG Rong, LI Xiande. Application value and development prospect of feed barley in China [J]. Food Nutrition in China, 2015, 21(7): 27-31.
[4] 朱兆良, 金继运. 保障我国粮食安全的肥料问题[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2013, 19(2): 259-273.
ZHU Zhaoliang, JIN Jiyun. Fertilizer use and food security in China [J]. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2013, 19(2): 259-273.
[5] 张秀, 朱文美, 代兴龙, 等. 施氮量对强筋小麦产量、氮素利用率和品质的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2018, 38(8): 963-969.
ZHANG Xiu, ZHU Wenmei, DAI Xinglong, et al. Effect of nitrogen application rate on grain yield, nitrogen use efficiency and grain quality of strong gluten wheat [J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2018, 38(8): 963-969.
[6] 杨家蘅, 赵丽, 李胜楠, 等. 小麦物质积累分配和穗粒数形成对施氮量的响应[J]. 核农学报, 2018, 32(6): 1203-1210.
YANG Jiaheng, ZHAO Li, LI Shengnan, et al. Responses of nutrient accumulation and distribution and kernel number formation to nitrogen application rate in wheat [J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 2(6): 1203-1210.
[7] 王晨阳, 朱云集, 夏国军, 等. 氮肥后移对超高产小麦产量及生理特性的影响[J]. 作物学报, 1998,(6): 978-983.
WANG Chenyang, ZHU Yunji, XIA Guojun, et al. Effects of post-anthesis irrigation on grain quality indices and yield in winter wheat [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 1998(6): 978-983.
[8] 刘兆辉, 薄录吉, 李彦, 等. 氮肥减量施用技术及其对作物产量和生态环境的影响综述[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2016,(4) : 1-4.
LIU Zhaohui, BO Luji, LI Yan, et al. Effect of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on crop yield and ecological environment: a review [J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2016,(4): 1-4.
[9] 张美微, 谢旭东, 王晨阳, 等. 不同生态条件下品种和施氮量对冬小麦产量及氮肥利用效率的影响[J]. 麦类作物学报, 2016, 36(10): 1362-1368.
ZHANG Meiwei, XIE Xunde, WANG Chenyang, et al. Effect of cultivar and nitrogen fertilizer application on grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat at different planting environments [J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2016, 36(10): 1362-1368.
[10] 高阳, 赵立兴, 朱铁霞, 等. 施氮量对科尔沁沙地燕麦生物量及物质分配规律的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2018, 26(5): 1168-1172.
GAO Yang, ZHAO Lixing, ZHU Tiexia, et al. Effects of nitrogen application rate on Avena sativa biomass and substance distribution in Horqin sand land [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2018, 26(5): 1168-1172.
[11] Subedi, K. D, Ma, B. L, Smith, D. L. Response of a leafy and non-leafy maize hybrid to population densities and fertilizer nitrogen levels [J]. Crop Science,2006, 46(5): 1860-1869.
[12] Van Soest, P. J, Roberson, J. B, Lewis, B. A. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition [J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 1991, 74(10): 3583-3597.
[13] Snell, F. D, Biffen, F. M. Official methods of analysis [M]. Arlington: Chemical Publishing Company,1990.
[14] Dubis, M, Gilles, K. A., Hamilton, J. K., et al. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances [J]. Analytical Chemistry, 1956, 28(3): 350-353.
[15] 肖俊夫, 刘战东, 南纪琴, 等. 不同水分处理对春玉米生态指标、耗水量及产量的影响[J].玉米科学, 2010, 18(6): 94-97.
XIAO Junfu, LIU ZHAN Dong, NAN Jiqin, et al. Effects of different moisture treatments on ecological index, water consumption and yield of spring maize [J]. Journal of Maize Sciences, 2010, 18(6): 94-97.
[16] 王伟, 蔡焕杰, 王健, 等. 水分亏缺对冬小麦株高、叶绿素相对含量及产量的影响[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2009, 28(1): 41-44.
WANG Wei, CAI Huanjie, WANG Jian, et al. Effects of water deficits on plant height, relative leaf chlorophyll contents and yield of winter wheat [J]. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage, 2009, 28(1): 41-44.
[17] 孙建平, 薛竹慧, 杨国义, 等. 施氮对晋北燕麦饲草主要农艺性状及干物质产量的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2018, 26(4): 964-970.
SUN Jianping, XUE ZHU Hui, YANG Guoyi, et al. Effects of nitrogen addition on the yield and quality of oat in northern Shanxi [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2018, 26(4): 964-970.
[18] 赵宏魁, 马真, 张春辉, 等. 种植密度和施氮水平对燕麦生物量分配的影响[J]. 草业科学, 2016, 33(2): 249-258.
ZHAO Hongkui, MA Zhen, ZHANG Chunui, et al. The reproductive allocation of Avena sativa under different planting densities and nitrogen addition treatments [J]. Pratacultural Science, 2016, 33(2): 249-258.
[19] 雷占兰, 周华坤, 刘泽华, 等. 密度氮肥交互处理下高寒地区燕麦的生长特性与生殖分配[J]. 草业科学, 2014, 31(6): 1110-1119.
LEI Zhanlan, ZHOU Huakun, LIU Zehua, et al. The growth performance and reproductive allocation of Avena sativa under density and nitrogen interaction [J]. Pratacultural Science, 2014, 31(6): 1110-1119.
[20] 德科加, 周青平, 刘文辉, 等. 施氮量对青藏高原燕麦产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国草地学报, 2007,(5): 43-48.
DE Kejia, ZHOU Qingping, LIU Wenhui, et al. Effects of nitrogen application on the yield and quality of oat in Qinghai-Tibet plateau [J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2007, (5): 43-48.
[21] 许国芬, 周青平, 颜红波, 等.施氮水平对燕麦产量与养分吸收的影响[J]. 中国草地学报, 2009, 31(6): 20-24.
XU Guofen, ZHOU Qingping, YAN Hongbo, et al. Effects of fertilizer N on yield and nutrients uptake of oat [J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2009, 31(6): 20-24.
[22] 韩世洁, 董洁, 董宽虎. 不同形态氮肥及施氮量对白羊草产量和品质的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2018, 26(3): 618-624.
HAN Shjie, DONG Jie, DONG Kuanhu. Effects of different nitrogen forms and application rate on the yield and quality of Bothriochloa ischaemum [J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2018, 26(3): 618-624.
[23] 康健, 匡彦蓓, 盛捷. 10种作物秸秆的营养品质分析[J]. 草业科学, 2014, 31(10): 1951-1956.
KANG Jian, KUANG Yanbei, SHENG Jie. Analysis of nutritive value of 10 forages straw [J]. Pratacultural Science, 2014, 31(10): 1951-1956.
[24] 马磊, 袁飞, 朱玲玲, 等.氮复合肥种类及施氮量对坝上地区青贮玉米产量和品质的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(6): 53-59.
MA Lei, YUAN Fei, ZHU Lingling, et al. Yield and quality of silage corn(Zea mays) as affected by type and quantity of N fertilization[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(6): 53-59.
[25] 全志. 青贮玉米植株干物质量、粗蛋白量构成因子分析及影响因素研究[D]. 北京: 中国农业大学, 2005.
QUAN Zhi. The constituting elements on yield of dry matter and crude protein for whole plant and their effecting factors in silage corn [D]. Beijing: China Agricultural University, 2005.
[26] Seale, D. R., Henderson, A. R., Pettersson, K. O., et al. The effect of addition of sugar and inoculation with two commercial inoculants on the fermentation of lucerne silage in laboratory silos [J].Grass and Forage Science, 41(1): 61-70.
[27] 秦梦臻, 沈益新. 生育期对小麦全株青贮发酵品质的影响[J].中国农业科学, 2012, 45(8): 1661-1666.
QIN Mengzhen, SHEN Yixin. Effects of maturity stage on fermentation quality of whole crop wheat silage [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2012, 45(8): 1661-1666.