有机肥替代化肥对棉花生长发育和产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.04.023

新疆农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (4): 762-769.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.04.023

有机肥替代化肥对棉花生长发育和产量的影响

孙桂兰¹, 冯克云², 赵欣欣¹, 王占彪¹, 李亚兵¹

1.中国农业科学院棉花研究所,河南安阳 455000;
2.甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所,兰州 730070

收稿日期:2019-11-04 发布日期:2020-03-26
通信作者: 王占彪(1986-),男,河北巨鹿人,副研究员,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为作物栽培学与耕作学,(E-mail) wang_zhanbiao@126.com;李亚兵(1972-),男,湖北黄梅人,研究员,博士,博士生导师,研究方向为棉花栽培学,(E-mail)criliyabing1@163.com
作者简介:孙桂兰(1994-),女,河南鹤壁人,在读硕士,研究方向为作物栽培学与耕作学,(E-mail)sunguilanmmn@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金“棉花/二月兰套作对棉田土壤氮素淋溶的阻控机制”(31701389);国家重点研发计划“棉花化肥农药减施技术集成研究与示范”(2017YFD0201900)

Effects of Organic Manure Replacing Chemical Fertilizer on Cotton Growth, Development and Yield

SUN Guilan¹, FENG Keyun², ZHAO Xinxin¹, WANG Zhanbiao¹, LI Yabing¹

1.Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang Henan 455000, China;
2.Institute of Crop Sciences, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2019-11-04 Published:2020-03-26
Correspondence author: WANG Zhanbiao(1986- ), male,native place:Julu,Hebei,Deputy researcher,doctor,master's tutor,trsearch direction:Crop cultivation and farming,(E-mail) wang_zhanbiao@126.com
LI Yabing(1972-), male,native place:Huangmei,Hubei,Researcher,doctor,doctoral supervisor,research direction:Cotton cultivation,(E-mail) criliyabing1@163.com
Supported by:
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31701389); the National Key R & D Program Project of China (2017YFD0201906)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究不同有机肥替代化肥对棉花生长发育和产量的影响。【方法】以陇棉3号为试材,采用田间随机区组排列试验,研究有机肥与化肥不同配施比例对棉花生育期、营养器官和生殖器官干重、叶面积指数、花铃期光合速率、产量及其构成的影响。【结果】不同有机肥替代化肥延长了棉花生育期2～6 d,且用生物有机肥替代40%化肥的情况延长生育期的时间最长。各处理的叶面积指数从苗期到花铃期上升,花铃期升至最大,随后在吐絮期下降。在花铃期和吐絮期,6个处理中T5处理的叶面积指数最大。施用有机肥对棉花花铃期的光合速率无显著影响。普通有机肥和生物有机肥替代化肥能够获得与常规施肥相应的产量。而生物有机肥替代40%化肥显著增加了绒长、籽棉产量和皮棉产量。【结论】棉花生产过程中可以用生物有机肥来替代化肥,达到减用化肥、增产增效的效果。

关键词: 棉花; 有机肥; 化肥; 生长发育; 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】 To explore the effects of different organic manures replacing chemical fertilizer on cotton growth, development and yield.【Method】 Longmian No. 3 was taken as testing material, and the experiment was conducted by using the random array of field to evaluate the effects of the different ratios of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on cotton growth period, vegetative organs and reproductive organs dry weight, leaf area index, photosynthetic rate of flowering and fruiting stage, yield and its composition.【Result】 Replacing of chemical fertilizers with different organic manures prolonged the growth period of cotton for 2-6 days. And the use of bio-organic manure to replace 40% of chemical fertilizer had the longest period of prolonging the growth period. The leaf area index of each treatment increased from the seedling stage to the flowering and fruiting period, and rose to the maximum during the flowering and fruiting period, and then decreased during the boll opening period. In the flowering and boll opening period, the leaf area index of T5 treatment was the largest in the six treatments. The application of organic manure had no significant effect on the photosynthetic rate of the flowering and fruiting period. The yield of conventional fertilizer can be obtained by replacing fertilizer with common organic manure and biological fertilizer. The replacement of 40% chemical fertilizer by bio-organic manure significantly increased cashmere length, seed cotton yield and lint yield.【Conclusion】 In the process of cotton production, bio-organic manure can be used to replace some chemical fertilizers to achieve the effect of reducing fertilizer, increasing production and efficiency.

Key words: cotton; organic manure; chemical fertilizer; growth and development; yield

中图分类号:

S562
S141

孙桂兰, 冯克云, 赵欣欣, 王占彪, 李亚兵. 有机肥替代化肥对棉花生长发育和产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020, 57(4): 762-769.

SUN Guilan, FENG Keyun, ZHAO Xinxin, WANG Zhanbiao, LI Yabing. Effects of Organic Manure Replacing Chemical Fertilizer on Cotton Growth, Development and Yield[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 57(4): 762-769.

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有机肥替代化肥对棉花生长发育和产量的影响

Effects of Organic Manure Replacing Chemical Fertilizer on Cotton Growth, Development and Yield

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