施氮对膜下滴灌棉花生长发育及土壤硝态氮的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.02.005

新疆农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (2): 245-253.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.02.005

• 作物科学·分子生物·园艺·林业 • 上一篇下一篇

施氮对膜下滴灌棉花生长发育及土壤硝态氮的影响

马腾飞¹, 李杰¹, 陈志², 郭峰¹, 韩咏香², 娄善伟¹, 郭蕾¹, 何红¹, 马兴旺³, 张鹏忠¹

1. 国家棉花工程技术研究中心,乌鲁木齐 830091;
2. 博乐市农业技术推广中心,新疆博乐 833400;
3. 新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2019-10-30 发布日期:2020-03-02
通信作者: 张鹏忠(1974-),男,甘肃人,副研究员,研究方向为棉花高产栽培,(E-mail)zhangpz @163.com
作者简介:马腾飞(1984-),男,河南开封人,助理研究员,研究方向为植物营养施肥, (E-mail)matengfei1983 @163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划“棉花化肥农药减施增效技术集成与示范”(2017YFD0201900); 新疆农业科学院青年基金(xjnkq-2017014); 国家重点研发计划“绿洲灌区棉田地膜污染与氮磷淋溶综合防治技术模式示范”(2018YFD0800804)

Simulating Effects of Nitrogen Application on Growth and Development and Soil Nitrate Nitrogen of Cotton under Mulched Drip Irrigation

MA Tengfei¹, LI Jie¹, CHEN Zhi², GUO Feng¹, HAN Yongxiang², LOU Shanwei¹, GUO Lei¹, HE Hong¹, MA Xingwang³, ZHANG Pengzhong¹

1. National Cotton Engineering Technology Research Center, Urumqi 830091,China;
2. Bole City Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center, Bole Xinjiang 833400, China;
3. Research Institute of Soil, Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2019-10-30 Published:2020-03-02
Correspondence author: ZHANG Pengzhong (1974- ), male, native place: gansu. associate professor, research field: High-yield cultivation of cotton, (E-mail) zhangpz @163.com.
Supported by:
Supported by: National key research and development plan "Integration and demonstration of chemical fertilizer reduction and synergism in cotton"(2017YFD0201900);The Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences"Study on the relationship between nitrogen uptake by soil nitrate and cotton yield" (xjnkq-2017014);national key research and development plan "Demonstration of integrated prevention and control technology model of film pollution and nitrogen and phosphorus leaching in cotton field in oasis irrigation area" (2018YFD0800804)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 研究施氮量对膜下滴灌棉花生长发育及土壤硝态氮的影响,为膜下滴灌棉花的氮肥管理提供理论参考。【方法】 以新陆早52号为材料,设N0(不施氮)、N150(150 kg/hm²)、N250(250 kg/hm²)、N350(350 kg/hm²)、N450(450 kg/hm²)共5个处理,研究膜下滴灌棉花的氮肥运行规律及最佳氮肥施用量。【结果】 不同氮肥处理地上部生物累积量进符合Logistic 曲线模型Y=a/(1+b×exp(-k×t)),最大积累速率出现时间在71~77 d,进入快速积累期在56~60 d。2试验年各处理LAI表现为N450>N350>N250>N150 >N0,最大可达4.51~4.81。0~60 cm土层,硝态氮含量变化表现为随土层深入先增加后降低的趋势,在20~40 cm土层硝态氮含量最高,现蕾阶和铃期消耗土壤硝态氮较多。产量、肥利用率、氮肥贡献率2试验年N350最大,分别在为7 477.5和7 731.7 kg/hm²,40.32%、43.24%,56.09%、57.02%。【结论】 N350(350 kg/hm²)处理效果最佳,施氮量在327.70~340.67 kg/hm²的阈值范围内,有利于棉花形成高产和提高肥料利用率。

关键词: 棉花; 氮肥; 产量; 土壤硝态氮

Abstract: 【Objective】 To clarify the effect of nitrogen application rate on cotton growth and soil nitrate nitrogen under mulched drip irrigation. 【Methods】 Xinluzao 52 was used as the testing material, and a total of five treatments were set: N0 (no nitrogen application), N150 (150 kg/hm²), N250 (250 kg/hm²), N350 (350 kg/hm²) and N450 (450 kg/hm²) were set in the hope of finding out the operation rule of nitrogen fertilizer and the optimum application amount under mulched drip irrigation and providing the theoretical basis for the relevant management. 【Results】 The results showed that the above-ground bioaccumulation of different nitrogen fertilizers was consistent with the logistic curve model Y=a/(1+b×exp (-k×t)), the maximum accumulation rate appeared from 71to 77 d, and entered the rapid accumulation period from 56 d to 60 d. In the two testing years, the LAI of each treatment showed: N450 > N350 > N250 > N150 > N0, and the maximum was between 4.51-4.81. In the 0-60 cm soil layer, the change of nitrate nitrogen content showed a trend of increasing at first and then decreasing with the depth of soil layer. In the 20-40 cm soil layer, the nitrate nitrogen content was the highest, and the soil nitrate nitrogen was more consumed in the bud stage and the boll stage. In the two year experiments, the yield, fertilizer utilization rate, and nitrogen fertilizer contribution rate were the highest under N350 treatment, which were 7,477.5, 7,731.7 kg/hm²; 40.32%, 43.24%; 56.09% and 57.02%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Considering all the factors, the N350 (350 kg/hm²) treatment’s effect was the best among the five treatments in our study and the simulation showed that the nitrogen application rate was within the threshold range of 327.70-340.67 kg/hm², which was conducive to high cotton yield and improvement of fertilizer utilization rate.

Key words: cotton; nitrogen fertilizer; yield; soil nitrate nitrogen

中图分类号:

S562

马腾飞, 李杰, 陈志, 郭峰, 韩咏香, 娄善伟, 郭蕾, 何红, 马兴旺, 张鹏忠. 施氮对膜下滴灌棉花生长发育及土壤硝态氮的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020, 57(2): 245-253.

MA Tengfei, LI Jie, CHEN Zhi, GUO Feng, HAN Yongxiang, LOU Shanwei, GUO Lei, HE Hong, MA Xingwang, ZHANG Pengzhong. Simulating Effects of Nitrogen Application on Growth and Development and Soil Nitrate Nitrogen of Cotton under Mulched Drip Irrigation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 57(2): 245-253.

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施氮对膜下滴灌棉花生长发育及土壤硝态氮的影响

Simulating Effects of Nitrogen Application on Growth and Development and Soil Nitrate Nitrogen of Cotton under Mulched Drip Irrigation

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