水肥剂一体化技术提高棉花产量和控制土壤盐分的效果

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.03.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】在大田水肥一体化膜下滴灌施肥的基础上,研究增施改良剂对盐碱地棉花增产和土壤控盐的影响。【方法】2017年在沙湾县共设置5个处理:对照(不施肥),常规化肥,常规化肥+改良剂,专用肥,专用肥+改良剂,每个处理重复3次,试验小区随机区组设置;测定指标为棉花产量、干生物量、土壤pH和电导率。【结果】常规化肥+改良剂处理平均有效铃数6.8个/株,平均单铃重5.95 g,获得了最佳产量6 640 kg/hm²,比常规化肥处理提高17.4%,增产效果明显。增施改良剂降低土壤pH;距滴头0 cm处的土壤电导率比距滴头30 cm处的电导率低,滴灌洗盐效果好。【结论】增施改良剂可提高棉花结铃数和促进单铃重增加,能有效提高棉花产量,且有降低土壤pH改善土壤环境的效果。

关键词: 盐碱地; 滴灌施肥; 土壤电导率; 水肥剂耦合; 棉花

Abstract: 【Objective】 This project aims to study the effect of increasing the application of soil amendment on cotton yield and soil salt control in saline-alkali soil on the basis of drip irrigation and fertilization under the integrated film of field water and fertilizer.【Method】The experiment was carried out in Shawan County in 2017. There were five fertilization treatments in the experiment: control (no fertilization), conventional fertilizers, conventional fertilizers + soil amendment, special fertilizers and special fertilizers + soil amendment. Each treatment was repeated 3 times and set in a randomized block in the experimental plot. The determinant indicators were cotton yield, dry biomass, soil pH and soil conductivity.【Result】The conventional fertilizers + soil amendment was the best. The average effective bolls were 6.8 per plant. The average single boll weight was 5.95 g, and the cotton yield was 6,640 kg/hm²,which was 17.4% higher than that by conventional fertilizers treatment. Soil amendment could reduce soil pH. Soil conductivity at 0 cm from the dripper was lower than that at 30 cm, indicating fertigation was effective for washing salt. 【Conclusion】The addition of soil amendment can increase effective cotton bolls and promote boll weight, and can effectively increase cotton yield and reduce soil pH to improve soil environment.

Key words: saline alkali soil; fertigation; soil conductivity; fertigation and soil amendment coupling; cotton

中图分类号:

S562
S36

张庆伟,艾克拜尔·伊拉洪,赵婧文,张文太. 水肥剂一体化技术提高棉花产量和控制土壤盐分的效果[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(3): 420-429.

ZHANG Qing-wei, Aikebaier Yilahong, ZHAO Jing-wen, ZHANG Wen-tai. Effect of Integration of Water, Fertilizer and Soil Amendment on Cotton Yield Improvement and Soil Salt Control[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 55(3): 420-429.

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