新疆北疆膜下滴灌水稻耗水规律研究

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2018.02.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】膜下滴灌栽培水稻技术具有显著节水稳产效果,研究膜下滴灌水稻耗水规律。在中国北方灌溉水资源短缺的地区具有重要意义。【方法】在田间设置土壤含水量下限为田间持水量90%、80%、70%三种灌溉下限小区试验,通过连续监测水稻全生育期水分蒸发量、蒸腾量和渗漏量,分析膜下滴灌水稻各生育期的耗水规律,总结适合膜下滴灌水稻全生育期的最佳灌水制度。【结果】(1)三种灌溉下限的灌溉量分别为1 303.5、853.1和659.0 mm。滴灌水稻耗水量最大的时期在拔节孕穗期,日均耗水量和耗水模比系数最大的时期也在拔节孕穗期;(2)高灌溉量下水稻产量较高,但90%田持灌溉下限和80%灌溉下限处理间没有显著性差异,水分利用效率为处理80%>90%>70%。【结论】新疆膜下滴灌水稻各时期最佳灌溉量为:苗期82.7 mm,分蘖期198.5 mm,拔节期213.3 mm,抽穗杨花期155.6 mm,灌浆期265.2 mm和成熟期111.1 mm,全生育期中灌水量为1 026.4 mm。

关键词: 水稻; 膜下滴灌; 耗水规律; 产量; 水分利用效率

Abstract: 【Objective】 Water scarcity is a worldwide concern. Rice is the most water-intensive crop. Rice drip irrigation technology has significant effect both on water-saving and high yield, which shows wide application prospect in water resources conservation in northern China. The membrane drip irrigation rice is in the experimental stage recently, the law of water consumption is not clear. 【Method】In this paper, we set the lower limit of soil water content in the field as the field water holding capacity of 90% and 70% of the irrigation limit, and continuously monitored the water evaporation, transpiration and leakage of rice during the whole growth period. The water consumption of drip irrigation rice under film was analyzed, and the optimal irrigation system suitable for the whole growth period of rice under film drip irrigation was summarized.【Result】The result showed that: (1). The irrigation amount in three irrigation treatments was 1303.5 mm, 853.1 mm and 659.0 mm, The period of maximum water consumption of drip irrigation rice was at jointing and booting stage, and the period of maximum daily water consumption and water consumption ratio coefficient was also at jointing and booting stage. (2). The yield of rice was higher under high irrigation amount, but there was no significant difference between the 90% field and 80% irrigation lower limit treatment, and the water use efficiency was 80% > 90% > 70%.【Conclusion】The optimum irrigation scheme in each rice growth period in Xinjiang is: seedling stage 82.7 mm, tillering stage 196.5 mm, jointing stage 213.3 mm, heading to spring flowering period 155.6 mm, grain filling stage 265.2 mm and ripening stage 111.1 mm, the whole growth period Irrigation is 1,026.4 mm.

Key words: rice; drip irrigation under mulch; water consumption; yield; water use efficiency

中图分类号:

S511

候建伟,张新疆,张君,孟超然,张皓禹,危常州. 新疆北疆膜下滴灌水稻耗水规律研究[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2018, 55(2): 219-229.

HOU Jian-wei, ZHANG Xin-jiang, ZHANG Jun, MENG Chao-ran, ZHANG Hao-yu, WEI Chang-zhou. Study on Water Consumption Rules in Irrigation Rice under Film in Northern Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 55(2): 219-229.

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