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20 June 2025, Volume 62 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Cultivation Physiology·Physiology and Biochemistry
Horticultural Special Local Products·Agricultural Product Processing Engineering
Soil Fertilizer·Plant Protection
Animal Husbandry Veterinarian


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Crop Genetics and Breeding·Cultivation Physiology·Physiology and Biochemistry

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Efficient screening of sgRNA mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 via TRV viral vectors in cotton LI Jianping, LIU Zhiqing, WANG Weiran, WANG Meng, ZHOU Zixin, YANG Jing, ZHU Jiahui, LI Yaohua, SONG Wu, Alifu Aierxi, KONG Jie 2025, 62(6): 1301-1307.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.001 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1019KB) ( )   【Objective】 To screen sgRNAs with high targeted mutagenesis for specific genes in cotton by designing vectors carrying sgRNA expressing cassettes based on TRV virus delivery system to rapidly detect editing efficiency. 【Methods】 The sgRNA cassettes were assembled into the TRV viral vector using the infusion reaction, transiently expressed in Cas9-OE transgenic cotton leaves. Mutageneses for targeted genes were verified by RE-PCR and Sanger sequencing. 【Results】 Different sgRNA delivery systems carrying cotton CLA1 and COR27 gene targeted sgRNA respectively were expressed in Cas9-OE transgenic cotton, and results indicated the frequency of mutations reached more than 65% for all the four systems. All plants showed mutations in the gene with nucleotide deletions being more frequent than insertions or replacements. The editing frequency of delivery system driven by GhU6 promoter was higher (80% or more) than that driven by AtU6 promoter (60%-70%). Moreover, delivery systems with tRNA-gRNA-tRNA (PTG) cassette had slightly higher editing efficiency than those of the other delivery systems. 【Conclusion】 TRV virus-mediated sgRNA delivery systems are functional for gene editing in cotton and act as tools for highly efficient detection of mutations induced by targeted gene sgRNA. The TRV-GhU6:: PTG-sgRNA delivery system has more utility value than others as a tool for high-throughput screening of targeted gene sgRNA.

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Effects of zinc fertilizer on soil nutrients in oasis cotton fields in Xinjiang LI Quan sheng, GAO Zhi jian, YU Hang, WANG Guo dong, LIU Yu 2025, 62(6): 1308-1317.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.002 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1543KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effect of zinc fertilizer application through drip irrigation on soil nutrients in cotton field, and to provide theoretical basis for guiding the application of zinc fertilizer with water drip irrigation. 【Methods】 Through field plot experiment, different amounts of zinc fertilizer were applied with water drop during cotton growth period. They are 0 kg/hm2 (CK), 7.5 kg/hm2 (Zn1), 15 kg/hm2 (Zn2), 22.5 kg/hm2 (Zn3), 30 kg/hm2 (Zn4), 37.5 kg/hm2 (Zn5), 45 kg/hm2 (Zn6), respectively. The change characteristics of main nutrient contents in soil of 0-20 cm and 20- 40 cm under different application rates of zinc fertilizer were studied. 【Results】 With the increase of zinc fertilizer application amount, the available zinc content in 0-20 cm soil layer showed a gradual increase trend, and showed a fluctuation in 20-40 cm soil layer. Compared with no application of zinc fertilizer, the application of zinc fertilizer decreased the soil pH of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm cotton field, and increased the contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus. The contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available phosphorus were the highest under Zn3 treatment, which were 84.16 and 84.68 g/kg, 31.93 and 30.40 g/kg, respectively. The contents of available potassium and iron in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm cotton soil increased first and then decreased with the increase of zinc fertilizer application, and the highest contents were 548.33 and 552.00 g/kg, 10.35 and 10.55 mg/kg under Zn4 treatment. The available manganese and exchangeable magnesium in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm cotton soil increased gradually with the increase of zinc fertilizer application, and the highest contents were 5.0 and 5.0 mg/kg, 4.48 and 4.48mg/kg under Zn6 treatment, respectively. To sum up, in the experiment of different zinc fertilizer dosage, soil pH value decreased when the drop application of zinc sulfate was 22.5-30.0 kg/hm2, and the contents of alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, available zinc and available iron were all at a high value, while the contents of available manganese and exchangeable magnesium were the highest when the drop application of zinc was 45 kg/hm2. 【Conclusion】 Zinc fertilizer had a positive effect on soil fertility of irrigated grey desert soil in Xinjiang oasis.

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Effect of artificial aging on the viability and chemical content of cotton seeds DU Zehui, GU Yuanguo, JIANG Zhengwen, GUO Yaping, WANG Yuxiang, DENG Xiaojuan 2025, 62(6): 1318-1327.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.003 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1935KB) ( )   【Objective】 Research the effect of artificial aging on cotton seed vitality and chemical composition content in the hope of providing reference for the utilization of high-vigor cotton seeds. 【Methods】 The seeds of eight Gossypium hirsutum L. varieties were taken as materials, the cotton seeds were artificially aged at 40℃ and 100% RH, and six treatments from 0 to 5 days were set up to determine the seed vigor indexes, physiological and biochemical indexes, and the content of the main chemical components of the seeds after drying naturally. 【Results】 And the results showed that, with the lengthening of the time of artificial aging the seed vigor firstly rose and then decreased, and the cell membrane permeability was constantly increasing and the activity of the protective enzymes was decreasing. 【Conclusion】 Different varieties of Gossypium hirsutum L. showed different degrees of antioxidant capacity, cell membrane stability, integrity, and seed vigor in resisting the aging process. In addition, there were significant correlations between cottonseed moisture content, protein content, oil content, etc. and germination rate, vigor index, conductivity, MDA content, etc.

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Effects of pre-flowering drought and gibberellin concentration on photosynthetic characteristics and yield formation in winter wheat DING Yingdeng, FAN Guiqiang, GAO Yonghong, HUANG Tianrong, ZHOU Anding, WU Xinyuan, FANG Hui 2025, 62(6): 1328-1336.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.004 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1240KB) ( )   【Objective】 To elucidate the mechanism of action of plant growth regulators under drought stress on winter wheat and address the issues of uneven distribution of water resources and low water use efficiency in agricultural production. 【Methods】 A split-plot experiment design was adopted, with two water treatments: seedling stage drought stress (25% of normal irrigation amount, denoted as I1) and jointing stage drought stress (25% of normal irrigation amount, denoted as I2). Three concentrations of chlormequat (1.67, 2.22, 3.33 g/L) were set up (denoted as C1, C2, C3), with water (CK) as the control. The effects of foliar application of chlormequat on the photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and transport, and yield of winter wheat under different irrigation drought stresses were analyzed. 【Results】 Under both irrigation treatments, jointing stage drought stress significantly reduced the flag leaf area and individual plant leaf area by 87.73% and 65.40%, respectively. After anthesis, the Pn value and Tr value of winter wheat flag leaves decreased, Ci concentration increased, reproductive growth time was shortened, and the accumulation and transfer of photosynthate decreased. This led to a decrease in the number of spikes, grains per spike, and thousand-grain weight, ultimately resulting in a yield reduction of 40.28%. Foliar application of chlormequat mitigated the negative impact of drought stress on winter wheat yield reduction. Under C2 and C3 concentrations, the flag leaf area and individual plant leaf area of winter wheat increased; chlormequat solution enhanced the photosynthesis of winter wheat and delayed plant senescence. Under both treatments, the peak photosynthetic rate after anthesis was higher than CK by 28.62%, 36.23%, 34.19%, and 21.62%, 21.27%, 45.87% for C1, C2, C3 concentrations, respectively. The decline in photosynthetic rate from peak to end of the growing period was reduced; under chlormequat treatment, the dry weight of mature vegetative organs, dry matter translocation amount, and translocation rate all increased, with the highest values reached under C2 concentration. Under both irrigation treatments, the yields of wheat treated with C1, C2, C3 concentrations of chlormequat increased by 0.32%, 16.08%, 11.75%, and 4.52%, 23.60%, 6.42%, respectively, compared to CK. 【Conclusion】 Combining irrigation treatment and chlormequat concentration, drought stress reduces the number of spikes, grains per spike, and thousand-grain weight, thus leading to a decline in yield. Pre-flowering drought stress has a greater impact on yield, especially during the jointing stage. Exogenous application of chlormequat can improve the adverse effects of drought stress on wheat to varying degrees, with the best results observed at a concentration of 2.22 g/L.

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Expression analysis of disease resistance-related genes in wheat induced by Streptomyces sp. HU2014 ZHU Hongxia, HU Linfeng, WANG Qiqi, ZHANG Jungao, ZHANG Shaomin, ZHOU Xiaoyun, LEI Bin, ZHANG Zhidong 2025, 62(6): 1337-1343.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.005 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1093KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to reveal the dynamic changes in the expression of wheat resistance genes under the treatment of Streptomyces sp. HU2014 and to explore the possible mechanism by which this strain induces disease resistance in the host. 【Methods】 In this paper, the cell-free fermentation filtrate of this strain was used to irrigate the roots of three wheat varieties Aikang 58 (AK58), Bainong 307 (BN307), and Zhoumai 22 (ZM22). After irrigation, leaves were collected at 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 96 h, and the changes in the expression of related resistance genes were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR technology. 【Results】 The fermentation filtrate of this strain could induce the expression of 4 defense response genes, 1 salicylic acid pathway gene, and 1 jasmonic acid pathway gene. Among them, the transcript of TaPR1 gene accumulated at highest levels at 6 h in AK58, 24 h in BN307, and 48 h in ZM22 respectively. The expression of TaPR2 gene reached the highest level at 6 hours in AK58, 12 h in BN307, and 24 h in ZM22 respectively. The transcript of TaPR3 gene reached its peak at 2 h in AK58, 6 h in BN307, and 2 h in ZM22 respectively. TaPR5 gene reached its peak at 72 h in AK58, 96 h in BN307, and 12 h in ZM22 respectively. The PAL gene showed the highest fold change at 48 h in AK58, 24 h in BN307, and 24 h in ZM22 respectively. The expression of LOX gene reached its peak at 6 h in AK58, BN307, and ZM22 respectively. 【Conclusion】 The results indicate that the TaPR1 gene is down-regulated in AK58 and ZM22, and the TaPR3 gene is down-regulated in AK58 and BN307. The highest expression levels of TaPR2, TaPR3, TaPR5, PAL, and LOX in ZM22 are higher than those in AK58 and BN307, while the highest expression level of TaPR1 in BN307 is higher than that in AK58 and ZM22. Streptomyces sp. HU2014 can induce systemic acquired resistance and systemic resistance in wheat.

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Analysis the suitable lower limit of soil moisture for spring oil sunflower irrigated with drip irrigation under membrane in northern Xinjiang JING Yanqiang, HONG Ming, YU Qiuyue, HENG Tong, XIAO Jian, ZHANG Xinle 2025, 62(6): 1344-1353.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.006 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (937KB) ( )   【Objective】 Analysis the suitable lower limit of soil moisture during the main growth stage of spring oil sunflower irrigated with drip irrigation in northern Xinjiang. 【Methods】 With oil sunflower (Aidatou 858) as test material, using orthogonal design, the same upper limit of soil moisture field capacity(FC) and three lower limits of soil moisture (55%FC, 65%FC and 75%FC, ) were set in the stage of elongation, budding and blossoming, and with local farmers irrigation as control. The effect of different treatments on plant height, leaf area index (LAI), yield and quality of spring oil sunflower was studied. Then the best treatment was chosen based on the entropy weighted -TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation method. 【Results】 The results showed that the plant height and leaf area index of 55% FC were 10.77%, 4.80%, 0.61% and 46.17%, 20.56%, 17.21% lower than those of 75% FC at jointing stage, squaring stage and flowering stage, respectively. The increase of soil moisture lower limit in each growth period was beneficial to promote the increase of plant height and leaf area index of oil sunflower. The yield (5189.33 kg/hm2) and water use efficiency (1.31 kg/hm3) of T3 treatment were the highest, which were 6.85%-39.75% and 18.88%-47.19% higher than those of other treatments, respectively. The fat content (49.67 g/100g) and protein content (4.84 g/100g) of T4 treatment were the highest, which were 1.28%-11.17% and 4.61%-27.62% higher than other treatments, respectively. The comprehensive index evaluation based on entropy weight-TOPSIS showed that T3 treatment was the best. 【Conclusion】 The lower limits of soil moisture suitable for drip-irrigated spring oil sunflower in northern Xinjiang at jointing stage, squaring stage and flowering stage are 55%FC, 75%FC and 75%FC, respectively.

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Identification of salt tolerance and variety screening of high oleic acid peanut during the whole growth period SHI Junjie, HOU Xianfei, YU Yuehua, LI Qiang, MIAO Haocui, JIA Donghai, GU Yuanguo, HU Fengyi, GAO Jun, CUI Fuyang, SHANG Suiteng 2025, 62(6): 1354-1364.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.007 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1401KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of salt and alkali stress on the emergence rate, growth rate and yield of peanut with high oleic acid. 【Methods】 In this study, 34 varieties (lines) of peanut with high oleic acid were used as materials to record the changes of seedling emergence rate, agronomic traits and growth rate of peanut with high oleic acid planted in saline-alkali land, in order to provide data support for screening peanut varieties suitable for planting in saline-alkali land. 【Results】 Under saline-alkali stress, the seedling emergence rate of Jihua 18 was the highest, and that of Jihua 9 was the lowest. The growth rate of main stem height of flowering 910 was the fastest, and that of Kainong 1760 and P19-24 was the slowest. The growth rate of peanut decreased with the extension of growth period. At the same time, the yield of high-oleic acid peanut was significantly inhibited by salt-alkali stress. Yuhua 37, Kainong 1715 and Huayu 9130 had the highest relative yield and better salt tolerance. Different varieties (lines) had great differences in different identification indexes. 【Conclusion】 The comprehensive evaluation value of salt and alkali resistance is obtained through membership function analysis, and cluster analysis carried out. 34 materials divided into 4 categories, and the first category belongs to 1 material with high salt and alkali resistance. The second category belongs to 7 saline-alkali strong material; the third category belongs to 15 salt-resistant general materials; The fourth category belongs to 11 salt sensitive materials

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Cloning and subcellular localization analysis of the GmNF-YC4 gene in soybean LIU Leilei, ZHAO Guoqin, NIE Junfang, YU Yuehua, NI Zhiyong 2025, 62(6): 1365-1370.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.008 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1512KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the subcellular localization of GmNF-YC4,which lays the foundation for revealing the molecular mechanism of soybean stress resistance. 【Methods】 In this study, GmNF-YC4 was cloned from soybean, bioinformatics for GmNF-YC4 sequence and phylogenetic tree, and the subcellular localization of GmNF-YC4 in tobacco cells was analyzed by transient transformation tobacco. 【Results】 The open reading frame size of GmNF-YC4 (GenBank accession number: NM _ 001362631.1) was 690bp, encoding 229 amino acids, which predicted molecular weight of 24.78 kDa, and isoelectric point of 5.19. The GmNF-YC4 protein contained a HAP 5 conserved domain. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that GmNF-YC4 and AtNF-YC 1, AtNF-YC 4 were clustered in one clade. The genome of GmNF-YC4 contained 1 exon. The subcellular localization results indicated that GmNF-YC4 protein was localized in the nucleus of tobacco. 【Conclusion】 GmNF-YC4 is a nucleus-localized transcription factor. GmNF-YC4 gene sequence is obtained.

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Effects of different reproduction modes on agronomic traits, essential oil yield and quality of lavender REN Shiheng, WANG Aifan, MAO Liping, ZHU Qisheng, SU Xiujuan 2025, 62(6): 1371-1379.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.009 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1470KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effects of sowing, cuttage and root-cutting on the agronomic traits,yield and quality of essential oil of lavender. 【Methods】 Xinnong Xun 2 was used as the experimental material to compare the differences of agronomic traits, essential oil yield and quality in different reproduction modes at different development stages. 【Results】 In the same growth period, the agronomic traits such as crown width, stem thickness, leaf length, plant height, number of tassels and yield of number of floral whorl of cutting seedlings were better than those of root-cutting seedlings and seed seedlings, the yield of essential oil of cutting seedlings was the highest. Annual and biennial lavender’s yield of essential oil was 35.54 and 129.00 kg/hm2 respectively. The linalool, linalyl acetate and lavandulyl acetate of biennial cutting seedlings were 43.53%, 16.56% and 10.87% respectively. The agronomic traits, essential oil yield and quality of biennial lavender were better than those of annual lavender under the same reproduction mode. 【Conclusion】 The agronomic traits, essential oil yield and quality of cutting seedlings are better than those of root seedlings and seed seedlings, so it is suggested that cutting seedlings should be planted in lavender field production.

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Effect of different chemical regulators on physiological indicators of seed melon CHEN Youqiang, Abudukadier Kuerban, DENG Chaohong, Zhulibieke Kuaishibai, LI Huan, LIU Huajun, PAN Jinghai, BAI Xiaoshan, SHA Hong 2025, 62(6): 1380-1387.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.010 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1432KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different chemical growth regulators on the physiological and biochemical indicators of the beating melon. A scientific basis for the in-depth study of the physiological and biochemical characteristics of seed melon, the enhancement of its yield as well as the improvement of plant shape. 【Methods】 The physiological and biochemical indexes of seed melon leaves were measured in 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 d with different chemical growth regulators at 0.005% and 0.01% concentration, respectively by using the leaves of beating melon "common red large" as the test material. 【Results】 Under different concentrations and types of chemical growth regulator treatments, all the measured indexes showed different degrees of differential changes with the increase of time. The MDA content of 0.01% chemical growth regulator treatment reached the maximum value at 3 d. With the increase of chemical growth regulator treatment concentration and time, the soluble protein content could reach the maximum value of 370.2 mg/g. The H2O2 content of fluralin at 0.01% concentration reached the peak value of 8.83 μmol/g at 6 d; and the POD activity increased significantly and reached the maximum value of 1,156.6 U/g at 6 d under the 0.01% fluralin treatment. The POD activity increased significantly and reached the maximum value of 1,156.6 U/g under different chemical growth regulators and different concentration treatments. SOD had high activity at 3-6 d with different concentrations of chemical regulators, and then decreased with not significantly change. The lowest CAT activity at 15 d was 294.7 U/g under 0.01% vinlide treatment. 【Conclusion】 The MDA content, soluble protein content, H2O2 content, and peroxidase activity of beating melon were significantly increased after treatment with high concentrations of chemical regulators compared to low concentrations. In addition, with the prolongation of the treatment time, all the measured indexes show significant differences.

Horticultural Special Local Products·Agricultural Product Processing Engineering

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Study on irrigation scheduling of korla fragrant pear under flood combines drip irrigation mode YAN Pan, ZHENG Qiangqing, CHEN Qiling, JI Guangpeng, NIU Linglei 2025, 62(6): 1388-1396.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.011 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1408KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different irrigation methods on soil moisture content, yield, and quality and establish an irrigation system under the combination of flood irrigation and drip irrigation in Korla pear orchard by using the Korla Fragrant Pear Orchard at meadow soil in the northwest of Tarim Basin as the research object. 【Methods】 According to the physical properties of soil moisture in the study area, four drip irrigation methods were designed to investigate the soil water content by Diviner 2000 and compare the yield and quality. 【Results】 The soil water content under slow-full drip irrigation could reach 92% of the field capacity, fast-full drip irrigation significantly reduced the wetting effect. In the germination stage and young fruit stage, the soil water content accounted for 30%-55% of the field moisture capacity, and in the fruit expansion stage and ripening stage, the soil water content accounted for 65%-85% of the field moisture capacity. The soil water storage capacity during the budding stage was 80 mm, which was about half of that during the young fruit stage and one-third of that during the swelling and ripening stages. The water consumption during the budding and flowering stages was relatively small, both below 50 mm. The water consumption during the young fruit stage significantly increased, exceeding 150 mm, and the swelling stage reached its peak, exceeding 200 mm. The single fruit weight significantly increased under slow and full drip irrigation, resulting in a 34% increase in yield. 【Conclusion】 The suitable drip irrigation quota for the mixed drip mode is 50 m3, with one flood irrigation and four drip irrigation, and when the irrigation quota is 5,250 m3/hm2, 42% water can be saved and yield arrive at 1,235 kg/667m2. According to the changes in soil water storage and consumption, the optimized irrigation system consists of one flood irrigation and seven drip irrigation, with an irrigation quota of 7,500 m3/hm2, thus saving 17% water.

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Effect of grass growth pattern on soil environment of apple orchard in southern Xinjiang SHAO Li, MEI Chuang, FENG Beibei, YAN Peng, Aishajiang Maimaiti, CAI Haishan, WANG Jixun, YU Kun 2025, 62(6): 1397-1407.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.012 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1459KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the ecological effects of different grass growing modes on climate environment and soil of apple orchards in southern Xinjiang in the hope of providing theoretical basis for the selection of artificial grass growing modes suitable for green and sustainable production of apple orchards in the region. 【Methods】 The effects of natural grass, clover and dandelion on temperature, humidity and soil physicochemical properties of apple orchards were studied, and the grass conditions of 4 grass orchards in southern Xinjiang were investigated. 【Results】(1) Polygonum aviculare were the dominant species in natural herbarium, with vigorous growth and moderate height, but poor coverage; Clover in the garden was highly suitable and had strong covering power, but its yield was deficient. In the dandelion garden, the overall height of dandelion was suitable, and the growth was good, but the ground cover was not. (2) Apple orchard clover and dandelion grass models could effectively reduce the ambient air temperature and increase air humidity; the decrease range of near ground temperature and the increase range of humidity under the cultivation of grass were higher than those under the cultivation of dwarf grass. (3) Compared with clear tillage treatment, natural grass treatment could significantly increase the content of 30-60 cm alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen. The contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available calcium in 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm soil and the contents of available potassium in 30-60 cm soil were significantly increased under the treatment of clover. Compared with clear tillage treatment, dandelion grass treatment could significantly reduce the soluble salt content of 0-30 cm and 30-60 cm soil, and effectively increase the organic matter content of 30-60 cm soil. 【Conclusion】 The effect of grass on the climate environment of apple orchard is significant. The temperature near the ground and the humidity increase, and the content of soil alkali-hydrolytic nitrogen and various nutrients increases to a certain extent, which helps to improve the soil environment and the orchard environment.

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Study on methods for judging different maturity of prunus domestica × armeniaca ‘Konglongdan’ fruits WANG Ruyue, LUO Shasha, ZHEN Ziyi, XU Yeyong, HU Haifang, WANG Junwu 2025, 62(6): 1408-1420.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.013 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2118KB) ( )   【Objective】 To accurately determine the grading methods and standards for different maturity levels of Prunus domestica × armeniaca ‘Konglongdan’. This finding can provide a metric basis for evaluating the maturity of Prunus domestica × armeniaca. 【Methods】 This study measured indicators such as fruit peel hardness, peel hardness, and average single fruit weight during 21 consecutive sampling periods from fruit color transition to complete fruit maturity from 2022 to 2023. Meanwhile, different maturity quality indicators and chromaticity indicators were quantified. 【Results】 Principal component screening and maturity clustering analysis were conducted on physiological indicators such as fruit hardness and single fruit weight. It was found that single fruit weight, peel hardness, peel hardness, solid acid ratio, peel yellow blue value b*, peel color ratio a*/b*, flesh brightness value L*, and flesh red green value a* were the indicators that had a significant impact on the maturity of ‘Konglongdan’. According to different growth and development stages of the fruit, it was divided into five maturity levels, namely 60% maturity, 70% maturity, 80% maturity, 90% maturity, and 100% maturity. The cumulative contribution rate of the two was 96.30%, and the discrimination accuracy was 95.20%. 【Conclusion】 The conclusion indicates that different methods and standards for determining the maturity of ‘Konglongdan’ can be used to accurately and scientifically distinguish different ripeness levels of fruits. Firstly, referring to the ‘color chart’ of fruit appearance and the number of days after the fruit flowering period can be used to distinguish different harvest ripeness levels. Secondly, by measuring the fruit color and quality indicators and referring to the quantitative range, the fruit maturity level can be further determined. When distinguishing maturity, if there are 2-3 items in the appearance and various indicators of the fruit that cannot meet the maturity grading requirements in the table due to external and internal factors, the harvest maturity of hybrid Prunus domestica × armeniaca fruits can also be determined by referring to the remaining indicators.

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Residual digestion of different plant growth regulators on jujube and their effects on fruit quality LIU Defen, YUAN Yuting, SUN Wanjin, JIANG Na, FANG Yi, ZHAO Duoyong, KANG Lu 2025, 62(6): 1421-1430.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.014 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1664KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the residual digestion patterns of different plant growth regulators such as gibberellic acid (GA3), brassinolide (BR), and thidiazuron (TDZ) on jujube and their effects on fruit flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the scientific and standardized use of some plant growth regulators. 【Methods】 18 g/hm2 and 36 g/hm2 GA3 were applied by foliar spray at the full bloom stage of jujube, and they were sprayed simultaneously with BR (45 mg/hm2) and TDZ (1.8 mg/hm2). Meanwhile, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry were used to determine the residual levels of GA3 and TDZ in leaves after application, and analyzed the changes in flavonoid and phenolic acid content in fruits based on extensive targeted metabolomics analysis. 【Results】 The residual amounts of GA3 at two kinds of doses on junjube were 0.10 mg/kg and 0.20 mg/kg, respectively, 14 days after application. The residual amount of TDZ was 0.01 mg/kg, which was lower than the MRL value. The digestion rates of GA3 and TDZ on junjube were both above 90%. The half-lives of the two doses of GA3 were 3.73 days and 4.26 days, respectively, while the half-lives of TDZ was 1.63 days. After treatment with GA3, BR, and TDZ, the flavonoid compounds such as catechin gallate, epicatechin gallate, isoquercetin, rutin, and quercetin in junjube fruit were upregulated; Phenolic acid compounds such as benzoic acid, phenyl salicylate, phenylethyl caffeic acid, cinnamic acid were upregulated, too. 【Conclusion】 GA3 and TDZ degrade rapidly on junjube, and the application of appropriate amounts of GA3, BR, and TDZ helps to increase the content of flavonoids and phenolic acids in the fruit.

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Effects of different widths of horticultural ground cover on soil temperature, moisture and growth in jujube orchards LI Xubin, ZHAO Xiujie, LYU Tingbo, SONG Renyou, FU Xinfa 2025, 62(6): 1431-1441.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.015 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (2153KB) ( )   【Objective】 The objective of this study is to explore the effects of different width mulching patterns on jujube trees in Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang. 【Methods】 In this study, three kinds of ground cloth covering jujube orchards with different widths were designed to study the effects of soil temperature, soil moisture and growth of jujube trees in jujube orchards compared with the control group without ground cloth. 【Results】(1) Different treatments in jujube orchards had a warming effect on soil temperature, and the ground temperature of each layer of different width cloth treatments increased, but the effect of air temperature on soil temperature decreased with the increase of depth; (2) The three kinds of ground cloth mulching had a certain moisture retention effect, and the water retention effect of C3 was better than that of CK. (3) Different widths of ground covering were beneficial to the growth of jujube trees, and the length of new shoots was C2>C3>C1>CK, and the length of jujube hanging was C3>C2>C1>CK, and the yields of C1, C2 and C3 treatments increased by 6.34%, 17.74% and 18.44%, respectively, compared with CK treatment. (4) The C2 treatment was the best, followed by the C3 treatment. 【Conclusion】 The application of horticultural ground cloth to jujube orchard mulching can improve soil temperature and moisture content, and has a good moisture retention effect on soil, which can promote the growth and yield of jujube trees.

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Effects of different light matrix ratios on the growth of pomegranate container seedlings HE Chenglong, BAI Ru, WANG Zhijun, MAO Yongle, YAO Ruiyun, WANG Yiwen, ZHANG Zongyi 2025, 62(6): 1442-1452.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.016 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1147KB) ( )   【Objective】 Explore the effects of different light matrix composition and ratio on the seedling raising effect of soft-seeded pomegranate container seedlings in Tunisi soft seed pomegranatea.Which has provided a practical basis for industrial cultivation of high-quality container seedlings of this variety. 【Methods】 The hardwood cutting seedlings in the same year were taken as the research object, and peat, vermiculite, granular organic fertilizer and decomposed organic fertilizer (decomposed sheep manure) were selected for different ratio combinations. Meanwhile twelve different light matrix ratio schemes were set up to compare the differences of aboveground growth, root development and chlorophyll fluorescence indexes of pomegranate seedlings under different treatments. 【Results】 The results showed that the specific root length ( SRL), maximum photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ ( Fv / Fm), photosynthetic electron transport rate (ETR), light quantum yield Y (Ⅱ) and chlorophyll content of pomegranate container seedlings under S7 ( peat ∶ vermiculite ∶ granular organic fertilizer = 7∶3∶1 ) treatment were the highest, which were 100.30 cm/g,0.78,28.04,0.094 and 46.8 SPAD, respectively, and were 6.27%, 11.41%, 499.15%, 278.23% and 14.99% higher than CK, respectively. The seedling height, longest main branch length, root tissue density (RTD) and root biomass of pomegranate container seedlings under S3 ( peat∶vermiculite = 8∶2 ) treatment were the highest, which were 99.9 cm, 92.2 cm, 7.74 g/cm3 and 2.92 g / plant, respectively, and were 227.65%, 208.02%, 320.11% and 6,282.38% higher than CK,respectively. 【Conclusion】 Based on the membership function method, the comprehensive evaluation of seedlings under S7 treatment is the best. This formula is suitable for the growth and development of hardwood cutting container seedlings of Tunisian soft-seed pomegranate.

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Analysis on the multi-elements origin discrimination model of wolfberry based on interannual changes CHEN Zhuoya, NIE Fang, LIU Hejiang, JU Yanjun, GOU Chunlin, NIU Shuhui, KANG Lu, ZHAO Duoyong 2025, 62(6): 1453-1460.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.017 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (848KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to analyze the contents of 15 mineral elements in wolfberry and compare the differences in mineral element content of fruit from different years and geographical origins. The purpose is to establish a authenticity identification model based on multiple mineral element analysis and to explore the stability and reliability of authenticity identification methods for origin. 【Methods】 A total of 264 wolfberry fruit samples were collected from Jinghe County of Xinjiang and Zhongning County of Ningxia for 3 consecutive years (2020-2022). The contents of 15 mineral elements such as Na, Mo, Mn, Rb, Mg, Ca, Cu, Sr, Cr, Ni, K, Co, Ba, Fe and Zn were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer, and the origin was identified by analysis of variance and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). 【Results】 There were significant differences in 7 mineral elements of Na, Cu, Sr, Mg, Mo, Rb and Mn between Jinghe and Zhongning (P<0.05). 13 elements of Na, Mo, Mn, Rb, Mg, Ca, Cu, Sr, Cr, K, Co, Ba, Zn showed significant differences between the years (P<0.05). Based on the above 15 mineral elements, the origin discrimination model established with the samples of 2020 as the training set could 100% distinguish Jinghe and Zhongning wolfberry. The blind sample in 2021 was used for verification, the discriminant accuracy was 73.68%. The discrimination accuracy of the model based on the samples from 2020 to 2021 was 96.12%, and the discrimination accuracy of the model based on the samples from 2022 was 66.67%. 【Conclusion】 Although the discriminant model based on a variety of mineral elements in a single year can effectively distinguish Jinghe and Zhongning wolfberry, and the accuracy rate can reach more than 95%, the accuracy rate of discriminating blind samples is relatively low, indicating that the stability and reliability of the discriminant model has a strong interannual effect.

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Distribution of photosynthetic assimilates to organs in first-fruiting walnuts on the whole-plant scale HAO Honglong, ZHANG Cuifang, WANG Shiwei, YANG Xianan, GUO Tong, GENG Zhaokun, ZHAO Long, LI Zhenyu 2025, 62(6): 1461-1468.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.018 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1308KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the characteristics of leaf photosynthetic assimilate partitioning to fruit in Wen185 walnut (J. regia Wen185). 【Methods】 In this study, we used the 13C isotope pulse labeling technique to label the whole plant of 5-year-old walnut trees and analyzed the changes in the rate of 13C partitioning (R13C), leaf source strength, and fruit pool strength in fruits and leaves during different fruit development periods. 【Results】 R13C gradually decreased in leaves and maintained at a high level from 40 to 60 d after anthesis; R13C showed a 'rise-fall-rise-fall' change in fruits, and significantly increased from 40 to 60 d and from 80 to 100 d after anthesis (P<0.05); chlorophyll content and Rubisco carboxylase activity in leaves showed a 'rise to fall' change, and net photosynthetic rate showed a 'rise-fall-rise-fall' change, both of which were significantly higher at 40 to 60 d after flowering (P<0.05); fruit weight and volume both increased significantly at 40 to 60 d and 80 to 100 d after flowering increased (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 From 40 to 60 d after flowering, most of the photosynthetic assimilates are used for the rapid growth of leaves, and the rapid growth of leaves is accompanied by the elevation of photosynthetic capacity, at which time the leaves complete the transformation from reservoir to source; from 40 to 60 d after flowering, and from 80 to 100 d, which are the two periods with more allocation of photosynthetic assimilates to the fruits, in which the fruits are growing rapidly from 40 to 60 d after flowering, and the reservoir strength is elevated, and photosynthetic assimilates are mainly used for fruit cell division and morphology construction. In the period from 40 to 60 d after flowering, the fruit grew rapidly and the reservoir strength increased, and the photosynthetically assimilated substances are mainly used for fruit cell division and morphology construction.

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Construction and application of dynamic models for predicting shelf life of different varieties of walnut nuts XU Bin, ZHANG Ting, LIU Sige, Aibibai Niyazi, ZHANG Ping, Alimire Tulahong 2025, 62(6): 1469-1477.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.019 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1239KB) ( )   【Objective】 The study aims to construct a dynamic model for predicting shelf life of different varieties of walnuts,which provides a theoretical basis for the prediction of storage time and the development of oxidative rancidity control technology of walnut nuts in production. 【Methods】 Wen185,Xinxin 2,Zha 343dried walnut (with shell and without shell) were taken as the test materials, and they were placed in 37℃ incubator respectively. Then the samples were taken regularly to determine acid value(AV), peroxide value(POV) and to make the sensory evaluation. Meanwhile, a chemical reaction kinetic model and Arrhenius equation were employed to construct the model for predicting shelf life of different varieties of walnuts, moreover, and afterwards, the model were applied and verified. 【Results】 The AV and the POV increased and the sensory score decreased in all samples during storage period. The linear fitting function of AV and POV with respect to time was known that the change of AV was consistent with the zero-order reaction kinetic model, the change of POV was consistent with the first-order reaction kinetic model, therefore, the shelf life prediction dynamics model based on AV of the three varieties of walnut nuts(with shell and without shell) was:$S L 0=\frac{C \quad C 0}{3128.8 e^{\frac{26009.71}{8.8147}}}$; The shelf life prediction dynamics model based on POV of the three varieties of walnut nuts(with shell and without shell) was:$S L 1=\frac{\ln \frac{C}{C 0}}{3128.8 e^{\frac{26009.71}{8.8147}}}$. 【Conclusion】 The error between the predicted value and the measured value was less than 10% of the three varieties of walnut nuts by verified.The model can predict the shelf life of walnut nuts well.

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Effects of pretreatment combined with different drying methods on drying efficiency and bioactive substances of Seabuckthorn leaves AO Yu, ZHANG Jian, XU Bin, MA Yan, WANG Liming, ZHANG Ting, BAO Xiaowei 2025, 62(6): 1478-1487.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.020 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1395KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the suitable pretreatment and drying methods by improving the utilization rate of leaves in the threshing process of Seabuckthorn branches,The findings provide theoretical basis and data support for the development and utilization of processing by-products of large fruit Seabuckthorn leaves in production. 【Methods】 In this study, Seabuckthorn leaves were used as test materials, and natural drying without pretreatment was used as control (CK). On the basis of systematically evaluating the drying effects of ultrasonic (CS) pretreatment, blanching (TP) pretreatment, ultrasonic+blanching (CS+TP) pretreatment and osmotic dehydration (ST) pretreatment on Seabuckthorn leaves, combined with natural (ZR) drying, hot air (RF) drying, microwave (WB) drying and vacuum freezing (LD) drying methods, the effects of different pretreatment combined with drying methods on the drying efficiency and bioactive substances of Seabuckthorn leaves were investigated. 【Results】 The results showed that the effect of CS pretreatment was significant after natural drying of Seabuckthorn leaves with different pretreatments. CS pretreatment combined with ZR, RF, WB and LD drying had significant effects on the drying efficiency and bioactive substances of H.rhamnoides leaves. Among them, CS pretreatment combined with RF drying method had the best effect, which could shorten the drying time of H.rhamnoides leaves by 4 times compared with CK, and meanwhile maintained the contents of total flavonoids, total phenols, proteins, polysaccharides and quebrachitol at 41.07, 29.56, 30.66, 3.53 and 22.14 mg/g, respectively. 【Conclusion】 Using CS pretreatment and RF drying method for large-scale utilization pretreatment of large fruit seabuckthorn leaves.

Soil Fertilizer·Plant Protection

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Effects of chemical fertilizers with compound microbial fertilizers on soil nutrients and enzyme activities Kongdusi Paerhati, SI Yan'e, Tuerxun Tuerhong, Aikebaier Yilahong 2025, 62(6): 1488-1495.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.021 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1106KB) ( )   【Objective】 Investigate the effects of applying different ratios of compound microbial fertilizers on the soil nutrients and soil enzyme activities of planting cabbage, as well as to provide theoretical guidance for the application of new compound microbial fertilizers to cabbage planting, field experiments were conducted. 【Methods】 A total of six treatments were set up including CK control (chemical fertilizer alone), T1 (chemical fertilizer + compound microbial fertilizer 20%), T2 (chemical fertilizer + compound microbial fertilizer 40%), T3 (chemical fertilizer + compound microbial fertilizer 60%), T4 (chemical fertilizer + compound microbial fertilizer 80%), and T5 (chemical fertilizer + compound microbial fertilizer 100%) and the changes of soil pH value, organic matter, and soil total nutrient content of cabbage were investigated and soil peroxidase, urease, alkaline phosphatase and sucrase among different treatments were studied. 【Results】 Compared with CK treatment, the application of different ratios of composite microbial fertilizers could effectively increase the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium in cabbage soil, the size order between the treatments: treatment T5> T4> T3> T2> T1> CK. They could effectively maintain the soil acidity and alkalinity, the pH value range between 7.75 and 8.01. And the difference between the CK treatment and the other T5 treatments was significant (P < 0.05). 【Conclusion】 Compound microbial fertilizer can reduce soil pH value, significantly increase the nutrient content of the soil, and affect soil enzyme activity, of which T5 treatment has the best effect. The use of chemical fertilizers with compound microbial fertilizer planting cabbage can achieve good results.

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Identification and analysis of genes related to the synthesis and release of alarm pheromone of Megoura crassicauda LI Xinyan, HUANG Tianyu, WANG Zhiqiang, ZHOU Hongxu, WANG Bing, WANG Guirong 2025, 62(6): 1496-1506.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.022 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1667KB) ( )   【Objective】 The cornicle of aphids is an important organ for secreting defensive chemicals. Cornicle transcriptome sequencing and analysis can provide molecular basis for identification of genes related to aphid alarm pheromone synthesis and release. 【Methods】 Transcriptome sequencing and comparative analysis were performed on the cornicles and residues of Megoura crassicauda using Illumina NoveSeq 6000 sequencing platform. The candidate genes were identified in the synthesis and release of alarm pheromones using analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and the expression patterns of these genes were further verified by real-time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). 【Results】 A total of 2156 genes were identified as DEGs between the cornicles and the residues (expression difference ≥2 times). Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP450) and terpene synthase (TPS) gene families, which might be involved in terpene synthesis alarm pheromone synthesis, were analyzed. Among them, the expression levels of three CYP450s (McraCYP380C, McraCYP4CK1 and McraCYP315A1) in the cornicles were significantly higher than those in the residues. Two isoprenyl diphosphate synthase (IDS) genes, namely farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) and geranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GPPS), were identified. There were no significant differences in the expression levels of FPPS and GPPS between tissues. In addition, potential genes related to alarm pheromone release and transport were analyzed, and two chemosensory protein (CSP) genes were identified as being highly expressed in the cornicle. The expression levels of McraCYP380C, McraCYP4CK1, McraCYP315A1 and McraCSP7 genes in the cornicle were significantly up-regulated. 【Conclusion】 The DEGs in the cornicles and the residue transcriptome of M. crassicauda are successfully identified and analyzed.

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Evaluate on the field control efficacy of nine Acaricides against cotton spider mite HE Mengzhu, WANG Jingwen, XIE Haojie, ZHU Xiaofeng, LU Wei, LI Haiqiang 2025, 62(6): 1507-1516.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.023 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1320KB) ( )   【Objective】 To effectively control cotton spider mite, this study will be conducted to screen suitable acaricides for the prevention and control of cotton spider mite in the cotton production of the area. 【Methods】 Field efficacy trials were carried out on the main mite species in the Aksu area of southern Xinjiang, namely the Tetranychus truncatus and the Tetranychus dunhuangensis Wang, to determine the acaricidal efficacy of nine chemical agents against cotton spider mite in the area. 【Results】 The research findings revealed that T.dunchuangensis responded exceptionally well to treatments with 30% Tolfenpyrad Suspension Concentrate, 24% Bifenazate spiralate Suspension Concentrate and 40% Phenthoate Fenobucarb Emulsifiable concentrates emulsion after three days. Among them, a 3,000-fold dilution of the 30% etoxazole Suspension control efficacy reached 97.21%. Additionally, a 2,000-fold dilution of the 10% abamectin suspension reached a control efficacy of 98.13% at 5 days post-application., significantly surpassing the performance of the other eight agents tested. Furthermore, in the management of T.truncatus in cotton fields, the 3-day application of 10.5% Abamectin pyridaben Micro-emulsion and 22.4% spirotetramat ethyl ester Suspension Concentrate presented exceptional results. Among them, 2500-fold dilution of the 10.5% Abamectin pyridaben microemulsion yielded a control efficacy of 91.16%, significantly outperforming the remaining seven drugs evaluated. 【Conclusion】 It is recommended that at the onset of cotton mite occurrence, a rotation of four acaricides in production is used to control T.dunchuangensis: 40% Phenthoate Fenobucarb Emulsifiable concentrates, 24% Bifenazate spiralate Suspension Concentrate, 30% Tolfenpyrad Suspension Concentrate, and 10% Avermectin Suspension Concentrate. For the control of T.truncatus, a rotational use of 10.5% Abamectin pyridaben Micro-emulsion and 22.4% spirotetramat ethyl ester Suspension Concentrate is suggested.

Animal Husbandry Veterinarian

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Effects of alfalfa diet on nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microflora structure of lambs aged 15 to 55 days WANG Yan, Abuxiaheman Mubalake, CHEN Xiangyu, QIN Rongyan, MA Wenbin, YUAN Cen, LIU Yanfeng, LIU Limeng, WANG Lele, LI Changqing, ZHANG Zhijun, WANG Wenqi 2025, 62(6): 1517-1529.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.024 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1593KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the effects of alfalfa supplementation on nutrient apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microflora structure of Hu lambs aged from 15 to 55 days. 【Methods】 Forty-eight second-litter double-lamb lake lambs with body weight of (4.22±0.35) kg were randomly divided into 3 groups with 4 replicates per group. They were fed diets containing 10% (M1), 20% (M2) and 30% (M3) alfalfa, respectively. According to the different feeding and management of lambs, the experiment was divided into 15~34 days of age and 35~54 days of age. 【Results】 The results showed as follows: At 54 days of age, the body weight of 30% alfalfa group was higher than that of other experimental groups, but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05); At 15 to 34 days of age and 35 to 54 days of age, there were no significant differences in the apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber among treatment groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in pH among experimental groups (P > 0.05), NH3-N content of 10% alfalfa group was significantly higher than that of 20% alfalfa group and 30% alfalfa group (P < 0.05), and the contents of total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid and butyric acid of 30% alfalfa group were significantly higher than those of 10% alfalfa group (P< 0.05). The activities of cellulase, xylanase and pectinase in 10% alfalfa group were significantly higher than those in 30% alfalfa group (P < 0.05); The Shannon index of 30% alfalfa group was significantly higher than that of 10% alfalfa group and 20% alfalfa group (P<0.05). The abundance of firmicutes in 20% alfalfa group and 30% alfalfa group was increased compared with 10% alfalfa group (0.05 < P≤0.10), but there were no significant differences in the levels of other rumen bacteria among experimental groups (P > 0.05). The abundance of Prevotella in 10% alfalfa group was significantly higher than that in other experimental groups (P<0.05), and the abundance of Eurosenia in 30% alfalfa group was significantly higher than that in other experimental groups (P<0.05). The number of bacterial amine and polyamine biosynthesis pathways in 20% alfalfa group was significantly higher than that in other experimental groups (P<0.05), and the number of aminoacyl-trNA pathway and aromatic compound biosynthesis pathway in 30% alfalfa group was significantly higher than that in 10% alfalfa group (P< 0.05). The number of metabolic regulator biosynthesis pathways in 30% alfalfa group was significantly lower than that in other experimental groups (P < 0.05). 【Conclusion】 According to the results, it is appropriate to add 20%-30% alfalfa in the diet of lambs aged from 15 to 55 days.

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Identification of genes associated with wool density traits in Chinese Merino sheep MA Haiye, LI Zhonghui, WANG Jiajun, TANG Liping, DI Jiang, LI Wenrong 2025, 62(6): 1530-1542.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.025 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1762KB) ( )   【Objective】 This study aims to analyze the phenotypic differences of wool density in Chinese Merino and screen candidate genes related to wool density traits in Chinese Merino in the hope of providing reference for elucidating the molecular regulation mechanism of wool density in the sheep. 【Methods】 The wool density and hair follicle density of Chinese Merino sheep were measured and statistically analyzed by biostatistical methods. Meanwhile, the skin of Chinese Merino sheep with different wool densities was selected for transcriptome sequencing to identify candidate genes related to wool density traits. 【Results】 The average wool density of Chinese Merino high wool density group ( HWD group ) was (9,852.02±1,673.98) roots / cm2, which was significantly higher than that of low wool density group ( LWD group ) (5,390.61±1,365.67) roots / cm2 ( P < 0.01 ). There was no significant difference in the average primary hair follicle density between the HWD group and the LWD group. The average secondary hair follicle density, the ratio of primary hair follicle density to secondary hair follicle density, and the average total hair follicle density in the HWD group were significantly higher than those in the LWD group (P < 0.01 ). Using the skin transcriptome data of Chinese Merino sheep with different wool densities, a total of 521 differential genes were screened out in the HWD group compared with the LWD group, of which 280 were up-regulated and 241 were down-regulated. Through the analysis of differential gene enrichment, differential gene interaction and differential gene expression verification between high and low density groups, KRT18, KRT16, KRT86, KRT38, LOC101116157, CCN3, SPARC, C7, ATP12A, ANGPT4, WNT16, S100A1 and S100A4 differentially expressed genes were screened, which affected the growth and density of Chinese Merino wool. 【Conclusion】 There are differences in gene expression profiles of skin tissues of fine wool sheep with different wool densities. The different expression of these genes may affect wool density by changing the process of skin hair follicles and wool growth.

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Comparative analysis of bacterial diversity in the contents of various segments of the small intestine of Kazakh equine foals LIN Jianwei, ZHANG Wenjie, CHEN Hui, CHEN Kaixu, DOU Jingjing 2025, 62(6): 1543-1551.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.026 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (1184KB) ( )   【Objective】 The aim of the experiment is to study the changes of microbial abundance and bacterial structure in the contents of different parts of the small intestine of weaned foals in the hope of providing a reference basis for balancing the intestinal flora and improving the intestinal health of weaned foals. 【Methods】 Five weaned Kazakh foals with an average weight of (147.08±4.86) kg were selected for the study and kept under the same feeding management and dietary nutritional level for 60 d. The contents of duodenum, jejunum and ileum of weaned foals were collected, and the bacterial diversity of the contents of the various intestinal segments was detected using 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology. 【Results】(1) Based on Alpha analysis, the number of species, Chao1 index and ACE index observed in the contents of ileum of weaned foals were significantly higher than that of the jejunum (P<0.05); (2) At the phylum level, the dominant bacterial phylum in the duodenum, the jejunum and the ileum was the thick-walled phylum; (3) At the family level, the dominant bacterial phyla in the duodenum and the jejunum was Lactobacillus spp. and in the ileum, it was the dominant phyla Lactobacillus spp., Streptococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae. The relative abundance of Bartonellaceae in the ileum was 154.62% higher than that in the duodenum (P<0.05); (4) At the genus level, the relative abundance of Actinobacillus spp. in the ileum was higher than that in the duodenum, with an increase of 149.54% (P<0.05); 【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this experiment, the structure of bacterial flora in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of the Kazakh equine foal differes significantly and the microorganisms of the different intestinal segments show significant differences. The functions of microorganisms with significant differences are also different. The functions of microorganisms with significant differences in the duodenum are related to enzymatic catabolism and lipid metabolism; the functions of microorganisms with significant differences in the jejunum are related to polysaccharide biosynthesis and metabolism; and the functions of microorganisms with significant differences in the ileum are related to energy metabolism.

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Correlation and principal component analysis of body weight and body size in Kazakh sheep BAI Feng, LUO Chunyan, ZHANG Kai, YU Lijuan, Nazhakaiti Ainiwaner, MA Junde, Jumaheng Tayierbieke, Talihati Kemailebayi, Aminiguti Abulaizi, Maerziya Yasen, ZHOU Xirong, ZHANG Yanhua 2025, 62(6): 1552-1560.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.06.027 Abstract ( )   HTML ( )   PDF (917KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the growth and development of body size traits such as body weight, body height, and body length in Kazakh sheep, Simplify part of the workload and provide a reference for Kazakh sheep breeding. 【Methods】 In the experiment, a total of 1091 Kazakh ewes over 12 months of age, including body weight and 8 individual ruler traits were collected, and statistical analysis of each trait was conducted. 【Results】 The coefficient of variation of body size traits of Kazakh sheep was at the normal level, and the coefficient of variation of tail width and tail length was the largest, reaching 17.42% and 16.9% respectively. Body weight was significantly correlated with body length and chest circumference (P<0.01), and negatively correlated with tail width and tail length (P<0.01). 3 representative principal components were extracted from 9 principal components, which reflected body weight, body length, body width, girth and body height of Kazakh sheep respectively. We found that fitting the regression equation with the principal component extraction factor was more accurate than directly using body size traits. 【Conclusion】 Principal component extraction factor can better analyze the internal relationship between body weight and traits of Kazakh sheep.