Effects of water and nitrogen application on winter wheat growth, yield, and water use efficiency under shallow buried drip irrigation

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.003

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】This project aims to discuss the effects of shallow burial drip irrigation belt, irrigation and nitrogen application on the growth, yield and water use of winter wheat.【Methods】In this study, three factors were set up: soil depth (0 and 5 cm), irrigation amount (270,315 and 360 mm), and nitrogen application (195,255 and 315 kg/hm²).【Results】The results showed that, when the irrigation quota was 315 mm and the nitrogen application rate was 255 kg/hm², the yield, irrigation water use efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity increased most obviously.Shallow buried drip irrigation increased the plant height and leaf area index of winter wheat by 5.58% and 16.77%, respectively, and the yield, irrigation water use efficiency and nitrogen partial factor productivity significantly increased by 8.32%, 8.20% and 8.16%, respectively.The net income of shallow buried drip irrigation increased by 1,092 yuan per hectare on average compared with that of no soil cover drip irrigation (0 cm).The net income of shallow buried drip irrigation with 315 mm of water and 255 kg/hm² of nitrogen was the highest, (10,883 yuan/hm²).【Conclusion】The best irrigation and fertilization schemes are as follows: 315 mm of irrigation water and 255 kg/hm² of nitrogen under shallow drip irrigation.

Key words: winter wheat; shallow buried drip irrigation; water and nitrogen combined application; water use efficiency; yield

摘要：

【目的】研究滴灌带浅埋、水氮配施对冬小麦生长发育、产量及水分利用效率的影响。【方法】试验为完全区组设计,设置3个因素:覆土深度(0和5 cm)、灌水量(270、315和360 mm)、施氮量(195、255和315 kg/hm²)。【结果】在浅埋滴灌(5 cm)下,灌溉定额为315 mm、施氮量255 kg/hm²时,冬小麦产量、水分利用效率及氮肥偏生产力提升最明显。浅埋滴灌使冬小麦株高和叶面积指数分别提高5.58%和16.77%,产量、水分利用效率与氮肥偏生产力分别显著提高8.32%、8.20%和8.16%。浅埋滴灌较不覆土滴灌(0 cm)处理净收益平均增收1 092 元/hm²,浅埋滴灌下灌水315 mm、施氮255 kg/hm²净收益最高(10 883 元/hm²)。【结论】冬小麦较优的灌溉施肥方案为浅埋滴灌灌水315 mm,施氮255 kg/hm²。

关键词: 冬小麦, 浅埋滴灌, 水氮配施, 水分利用效率, 产量

CLC Number:

S512

XIE Zhong, YE Hanchun, WANG Zhenhua, LI Haiqiang, LIU Jian, CHEN Rui, XU Yushuang. Effects of water and nitrogen application on winter wheat growth, yield, and water use efficiency under shallow buried drip irrigation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(5): 1057-1066.

谢忠, 叶含春, 王振华, 李海强, 刘健, 陈睿, 许宇双. 浅埋滴灌水氮配施对冬小麦生长发育、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(5): 1057-1066.

Figures/Tables 8

References 35

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生育期 Growth period	日期 Date (M/D)	灌溉、施肥周期 Irrigation and fertilization cycle(d)	灌溉、施肥比例 Ration of irrigation and fertilization (%)	灌溉、施肥次数 Frequency of irrigation and fertilization
苗期-返青期 Seedling- Greening	9/18~4/3	198	12.5	1
拔节期 Jointing	4/3~5/6	32	37.5	3
开花期 Anthesis	5/6~5/26	20	25.0	2
灌浆期 Grain filling	5/26~6/15	20	25.0	2
成熟期 Maturity	6/15~7/2	18	0	0
全生育期 Whole growth	9/18~7/2	288	100.0	8

生育期 Growth period	日期 Date (M/D)	灌溉、施肥周期 Irrigation and fertilization cycle(d)	灌溉、施肥比例 Ration of irrigation and fertilization (%)	灌溉、施肥次数 Frequency of irrigation and fertilization
苗期-返青期 Seedling- Greening	9/18~4/3	198	12.5	1
拔节期 Jointing	4/3~5/6	32	37.5	3
开花期 Anthesis	5/6~5/26	20	25.0	2
灌浆期 Grain filling	5/26~6/15	20	25.0	2
成熟期 Maturity	6/15~7/2	18	0	0
全生育期 Whole growth	9/18~7/2	288	100.0	8

处理 Treatments	穗粒数 Grains per spike (粒/穗)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	穗数 Spike number (穗/m²)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	灌溉水利用效率 Irrigation water-use efficiency (kg/m³)	氮肥偏生产力 Nitrogen partial factor productivity (kg/kg)
W₁N₁S₀	30.67±1.15^l	40.66±0.57^l	447.00±8.19^j	5 173.52±151.71^l	1.92±0.06^ghi	26.53±0.78^e
W₁N₁S₅	34.00±1.73^kl	41.99±0.86^kl	462.67±6.03^ij	5 502.42±146.69^k	2.04±0.05^def	28.22±0.75^d
W₁N₂S₀	35.00±1.00^k	42.68±0.44^jk	471.00±9.64^ij	5 622.57±224.71^jk	2.08±0.08^cde	22.05±0.88^gh
W₁N₂S₅	39.67±2.08^ij	45.48±1.47^hi	482.33±17.62^hi	6 108.30±177.24^gh	2.26±0.07^b	23.95±0.70^f
W₁N₃S₀	31.33±0.58^l	41.36±1.23^kl	489.67±8.50^ghi	5 415.77±144.45^kl	2.01±0.05^efg	17.19±0.46^k
W₁N₃S₅	35.67±0.58^k	44.34±0.88^ij	499.67±6.51^gh	5 804.55±147.00^ij	2.15±0.05^c	18.43±0.47^j
W₂N₁S₀	42.00±2.00^ghi	47.33±0.94^fg	467.00±21.63^ij	6 011.98±245.64^hi	1.91±0.08^hi	30.83±1.26^d
W₂N₁S₅	49.33±2.52^cde	51.67±0.73^bcd	503.00±12.29^fgh	6 244.05±102.98^fgh	1.98±0.03^fgh	32.02±0.53^b
W₂N₂S₀	51.33±1.15^bcd	52.3±0.84^bc	514.00±8.89^efg	6 648.41±227.93^cde	2.11±0.07^cd	26.07±0.89^e
W₂N₂S₅	55.33±1.15^a	55.13±0.62^a	551.67±20.21^bcd	7 568.59±123.86^a	2.40±0.04^a	29.68±0.49^c
W₂N₃S₀	44.67±4.73^fg	49.3±0.99^e	528.33±19.5^def	6 437.12±83.92^ef	2.04±0.03^def	20.44±0.27ⁱ
W₂N₃S₅	52.33±2.08^abc	52.69±0.98^bc	558.00±18.00^bc	6 698.17±226.33^cde	2.13±0.07ⁱ	21.26±0.72ⁱ
W₃N₁S₀	37.00±2.00^jk	45.00±1.71^hi	487.33±13.05^ghi	6 310.72±94.12^fg	1.75±0.03^j	32.36±0.48^b
W₃N₁S₅	40.33±1.53^hij	46.66±1.25^gh	514.67±19.43^efg	6 784.84±152.55^cd	1.89±0.04^hi	34.79±0.78^a
W₃N₂S₀	46.67±1.53^ef	50.15±0.73^de	536.33±17.79^cde	6 852.10±217.22^c	1.90±0.06^hi	26.87±0.85^e
W₃N₂S₅	53.67±1.53^ab	53.45±1.17^ab	571.00±17.69^ab	7 680.14±84.23^a	2.13±0.02^cd	30.12±0.33^c
W₃N₃S₀	43.67±1.53^fgh	48.84±1.34^ef	548.33±13.65^bcd	6 537.93±105.72^def	1.82±0.03^ij	20.76±0.34ⁱ
W₃N₃S₅	48.67±2.08^de	51.18±0.33^cd	589.33±10.02^a	7 195.18±185.19^b	1.96±0.05^b	22.84±0.59^fg
显著性Significance
灌水量W	277.985^**	355.677^**	93.992^**	297.578^**	59.922^**	285.025^**
施氮量N	77.739^**	82.082^**	68.320^**	89.862^**	84.570^**	109.311^**
覆土深度S	96.552^**	101.513^**	45.598^**	126.326^**	116.821^**	117.354^**
W×N	5.783^**	5.400^**	2.275 ^ns	2.881^*	2.263^ns	5.891^**
W×S	1.483^ns	1.832^ns	3.372^*	2.756^ns	0.532^ns	2.449^ns
N×S	0.301^ns	0.365^ns	0.013^ns	7.149^**	6.572^**	6.103^**
W×N×S	1.438^ns	1.355^ns	0.248^ns	1.557^ns	1.423^ns	1.335^ns

处理 Treatments	穗粒数 Grains per spike (粒/穗)	千粒重 1000-grain weight (g)	穗数 Spike number (穗/m²)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)	灌溉水利用效率 Irrigation water-use efficiency (kg/m³)	氮肥偏生产力 Nitrogen partial factor productivity (kg/kg)
W₁N₁S₀	30.67±1.15^l	40.66±0.57^l	447.00±8.19^j	5 173.52±151.71^l	1.92±0.06^ghi	26.53±0.78^e
W₁N₁S₅	34.00±1.73^kl	41.99±0.86^kl	462.67±6.03^ij	5 502.42±146.69^k	2.04±0.05^def	28.22±0.75^d
W₁N₂S₀	35.00±1.00^k	42.68±0.44^jk	471.00±9.64^ij	5 622.57±224.71^jk	2.08±0.08^cde	22.05±0.88^gh
W₁N₂S₅	39.67±2.08^ij	45.48±1.47^hi	482.33±17.62^hi	6 108.30±177.24^gh	2.26±0.07^b	23.95±0.70^f
W₁N₃S₀	31.33±0.58^l	41.36±1.23^kl	489.67±8.50^ghi	5 415.77±144.45^kl	2.01±0.05^efg	17.19±0.46^k
W₁N₃S₅	35.67±0.58^k	44.34±0.88^ij	499.67±6.51^gh	5 804.55±147.00^ij	2.15±0.05^c	18.43±0.47^j
W₂N₁S₀	42.00±2.00^ghi	47.33±0.94^fg	467.00±21.63^ij	6 011.98±245.64^hi	1.91±0.08^hi	30.83±1.26^d
W₂N₁S₅	49.33±2.52^cde	51.67±0.73^bcd	503.00±12.29^fgh	6 244.05±102.98^fgh	1.98±0.03^fgh	32.02±0.53^b
W₂N₂S₀	51.33±1.15^bcd	52.3±0.84^bc	514.00±8.89^efg	6 648.41±227.93^cde	2.11±0.07^cd	26.07±0.89^e
W₂N₂S₅	55.33±1.15^a	55.13±0.62^a	551.67±20.21^bcd	7 568.59±123.86^a	2.40±0.04^a	29.68±0.49^c
W₂N₃S₀	44.67±4.73^fg	49.3±0.99^e	528.33±19.5^def	6 437.12±83.92^ef	2.04±0.03^def	20.44±0.27ⁱ
W₂N₃S₅	52.33±2.08^abc	52.69±0.98^bc	558.00±18.00^bc	6 698.17±226.33^cde	2.13±0.07ⁱ	21.26±0.72ⁱ
W₃N₁S₀	37.00±2.00^jk	45.00±1.71^hi	487.33±13.05^ghi	6 310.72±94.12^fg	1.75±0.03^j	32.36±0.48^b
W₃N₁S₅	40.33±1.53^hij	46.66±1.25^gh	514.67±19.43^efg	6 784.84±152.55^cd	1.89±0.04^hi	34.79±0.78^a
W₃N₂S₀	46.67±1.53^ef	50.15±0.73^de	536.33±17.79^cde	6 852.10±217.22^c	1.90±0.06^hi	26.87±0.85^e
W₃N₂S₅	53.67±1.53^ab	53.45±1.17^ab	571.00±17.69^ab	7 680.14±84.23^a	2.13±0.02^cd	30.12±0.33^c
W₃N₃S₀	43.67±1.53^fgh	48.84±1.34^ef	548.33±13.65^bcd	6 537.93±105.72^def	1.82±0.03^ij	20.76±0.34ⁱ
W₃N₃S₅	48.67±2.08^de	51.18±0.33^cd	589.33±10.02^a	7 195.18±185.19^b	1.96±0.05^b	22.84±0.59^fg
显著性Significance
灌水量W	277.985^**	355.677^**	93.992^**	297.578^**	59.922^**	285.025^**
施氮量N	77.739^**	82.082^**	68.320^**	89.862^**	84.570^**	109.311^**
覆土深度S	96.552^**	101.513^**	45.598^**	126.326^**	116.821^**	117.354^**
W×N	5.783^**	5.400^**	2.275 ^ns	2.881^*	2.263^ns	5.891^**
W×S	1.483^ns	1.832^ns	3.372^*	2.756^ns	0.532^ns	2.449^ns
N×S	0.301^ns	0.365^ns	0.013^ns	7.149^**	6.572^**	6.103^**
W×N×S	1.438^ns	1.355^ns	0.248^ns	1.557^ns	1.423^ns	1.335^ns

处理 Treatments	产出 Output (元/hm²)	投入 Input (元/hm²)	净收益 Net yield (元/hm²)	处理 Treatments	产出 Output (元/hm²)	投入 Input (元/hm²)	净收益 Net yield (元/hm²)
W₁N₁S₀	13 399	8 190	5 210	W₁N₁S₅	14 251	8 415	5 836
W₁N₂S₀	14 562	8 385	6 178	W₁N₂S₅	15 820	8 610	7 211
W₁N₃S₀	14 027	8 580	5 447	W₁N₃S₅	15 034	8 805	6 229
W₂N₁S₀	15 571	8 299	7 272	W₂N₁S₅	16 172	8 524	7 648
W₂N₂S₀	17 219	8 494	8 725	W₂N₂S₅	19 603	8 719	10 883
W₂N₃S₀	16 672	8 689	7 983	W₂N₃S₅	17 348	8 914	8 434
W₃N₁S₀	16 345	9 109	7 236	W₃N₁S₅	17 573	9 334	8 239
W₃N₂S₀	17 747	9 304	8 443	W₃N₂S₅	19 892	9 529	10 363
W₃N₃S₀	16 933	9 499	7 435	W₃N₃S₅	18 636	9 724	8 912