Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (5): 1057-1066.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.05.003
• Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics • Previous Articles Next Articles
XIE Zhong(), YE Hanchun(
), WANG Zhenhua, LI Haiqiang, LIU Jian, CHEN Rui, XU Yushuang
Received:
2023-10-25
Online:
2024-05-20
Published:
2024-07-09
Correspondence author:
YE Hanchun
Supported by:
谢忠(), 叶含春(
), 王振华, 李海强, 刘健, 陈睿, 许宇双
通讯作者:
叶含春
作者简介:
谢忠(1996-),男,江西抚州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为干旱区节水灌溉,(E-mail)xz5250207@163.com
基金资助:
CLC Number:
XIE Zhong, YE Hanchun, WANG Zhenhua, LI Haiqiang, LIU Jian, CHEN Rui, XU Yushuang. Effects of water and nitrogen application on winter wheat growth, yield, and water use efficiency under shallow buried drip irrigation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(5): 1057-1066.
谢忠, 叶含春, 王振华, 李海强, 刘健, 陈睿, 许宇双. 浅埋滴灌水氮配施对冬小麦生长发育、产量及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(5): 1057-1066.
生育期 Growth period | 日期 Date (M/D) | 灌溉、 施肥周期 Irrigation and fertilization cycle(d) | 灌溉、 施肥比例 Ration of irrigation and fertilization (%) | 灌溉、 施肥次数 Frequency of irrigation and fertilization |
---|---|---|---|---|
苗期-返青期 Seedling- Greening | 9/18~4/3 | 198 | 12.5 | 1 |
拔节期 Jointing | 4/3~5/6 | 32 | 37.5 | 3 |
开花期 Anthesis | 5/6~5/26 | 20 | 25.0 | 2 |
灌浆期 Grain filling | 5/26~6/15 | 20 | 25.0 | 2 |
成熟期 Maturity | 6/15~7/2 | 18 | 0 | 0 |
全生育期 Whole growth | 9/18~7/2 | 288 | 100.0 | 8 |
Tab.1 Irrigation schedule of winter wheat during the whole growth period
生育期 Growth period | 日期 Date (M/D) | 灌溉、 施肥周期 Irrigation and fertilization cycle(d) | 灌溉、 施肥比例 Ration of irrigation and fertilization (%) | 灌溉、 施肥次数 Frequency of irrigation and fertilization |
---|---|---|---|---|
苗期-返青期 Seedling- Greening | 9/18~4/3 | 198 | 12.5 | 1 |
拔节期 Jointing | 4/3~5/6 | 32 | 37.5 | 3 |
开花期 Anthesis | 5/6~5/26 | 20 | 25.0 | 2 |
灌浆期 Grain filling | 5/26~6/15 | 20 | 25.0 | 2 |
成熟期 Maturity | 6/15~7/2 | 18 | 0 | 0 |
全生育期 Whole growth | 9/18~7/2 | 288 | 100.0 | 8 |
处理 Treatments | 灌水量 Irrigation amount (mm) | 施氮量 Nitrogen fertilization rate (kg/hm2) | 覆土深度 Covering depth (cm) |
---|---|---|---|
W1N1S0 | 270 | 195 | 0 |
W1N1S5 | 270 | 195 | 5 |
W1N2S0 | 270 | 255 | 0 |
W1N2S5 | 270 | 255 | 5 |
W1N3S0 | 270 | 315 | 0 |
W1N3S5 | 270 | 315 | 5 |
W2N1S0 | 315 | 195 | 0 |
W2N1S5 | 315 | 195 | 5 |
W2N2S0 | 315 | 255 | 0 |
W2N2S5 | 315 | 255 | 5 |
W2N3S0 | 315 | 315 | 0 |
W2N3S5 | 315 | 315 | 5 |
W3N1S0 | 360 | 195 | 0 |
W3N1S5 | 360 | 195 | 5 |
W3N2S0 | 360 | 255 | 0 |
W3N2S5 | 360 | 255 | 5 |
W3N3S0 | 360 | 315 | 0 |
W3N3S5 | 360 | 315 | 5 |
Tab.2 Experimental design
处理 Treatments | 灌水量 Irrigation amount (mm) | 施氮量 Nitrogen fertilization rate (kg/hm2) | 覆土深度 Covering depth (cm) |
---|---|---|---|
W1N1S0 | 270 | 195 | 0 |
W1N1S5 | 270 | 195 | 5 |
W1N2S0 | 270 | 255 | 0 |
W1N2S5 | 270 | 255 | 5 |
W1N3S0 | 270 | 315 | 0 |
W1N3S5 | 270 | 315 | 5 |
W2N1S0 | 315 | 195 | 0 |
W2N1S5 | 315 | 195 | 5 |
W2N2S0 | 315 | 255 | 0 |
W2N2S5 | 315 | 255 | 5 |
W2N3S0 | 315 | 315 | 0 |
W2N3S5 | 315 | 315 | 5 |
W3N1S0 | 360 | 195 | 0 |
W3N1S5 | 360 | 195 | 5 |
W3N2S0 | 360 | 255 | 0 |
W3N2S5 | 360 | 255 | 5 |
W3N3S0 | 360 | 315 | 0 |
W3N3S5 | 360 | 315 | 5 |
Fig.2 Changes of shallow buried drip irrigation combined with water and nitrogen application on plant height of winter wheat during grain filling Note:W1,W2 and W3 represent the irrigation amount of 270,315 and 360 mm, respectively;N1,N2 and N3 were 195,255 and 315 kg/hm2,respectively.S0 and S5 represent the depth of 0 and 5 cm respectively.Different letters indicate significant difference at a=0.05 level
Fig.4 Changes of combined application of water and nitrogen application on aboveground dry matter accumulation of winter wheat under shallow buried drip irrigation
处理 Treatments | 穗粒数 Grains per spike (粒/穗) | 千粒重 1000-grain weight (g) | 穗数 Spike number (穗/m2) | 产量 Yield (kg/hm2) | 灌溉水利用效率 Irrigation water-use efficiency (kg/m3) | 氮肥偏生产力 Nitrogen partial factor productivity (kg/kg) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1N1S0 | 30.67±1.15l | 40.66±0.57l | 447.00±8.19j | 5 173.52±151.71l | 1.92±0.06ghi | 26.53±0.78e | |||||||
W1N1S5 | 34.00±1.73kl | 41.99±0.86kl | 462.67±6.03ij | 5 502.42±146.69k | 2.04±0.05def | 28.22±0.75d | |||||||
W1N2S0 | 35.00±1.00k | 42.68±0.44jk | 471.00±9.64ij | 5 622.57±224.71jk | 2.08±0.08cde | 22.05±0.88gh | |||||||
W1N2S5 | 39.67±2.08ij | 45.48±1.47hi | 482.33±17.62hi | 6 108.30±177.24gh | 2.26±0.07b | 23.95±0.70f | |||||||
W1N3S0 | 31.33±0.58l | 41.36±1.23kl | 489.67±8.50ghi | 5 415.77±144.45kl | 2.01±0.05efg | 17.19±0.46k | |||||||
W1N3S5 | 35.67±0.58k | 44.34±0.88ij | 499.67±6.51gh | 5 804.55±147.00ij | 2.15±0.05c | 18.43±0.47j | |||||||
W2N1S0 | 42.00±2.00ghi | 47.33±0.94fg | 467.00±21.63ij | 6 011.98±245.64hi | 1.91±0.08hi | 30.83±1.26d | |||||||
W2N1S5 | 49.33±2.52cde | 51.67±0.73bcd | 503.00±12.29fgh | 6 244.05±102.98fgh | 1.98±0.03fgh | 32.02±0.53b | |||||||
W2N2S0 | 51.33±1.15bcd | 52.3±0.84bc | 514.00±8.89efg | 6 648.41±227.93cde | 2.11±0.07cd | 26.07±0.89e | |||||||
W2N2S5 | 55.33±1.15a | 55.13±0.62a | 551.67±20.21bcd | 7 568.59±123.86a | 2.40±0.04a | 29.68±0.49c | |||||||
W2N3S0 | 44.67±4.73fg | 49.3±0.99e | 528.33±19.5def | 6 437.12±83.92ef | 2.04±0.03def | 20.44±0.27i | |||||||
W2N3S5 | 52.33±2.08abc | 52.69±0.98bc | 558.00±18.00bc | 6 698.17±226.33cde | 2.13±0.07i | 21.26±0.72i | |||||||
W3N1S0 | 37.00±2.00jk | 45.00±1.71hi | 487.33±13.05ghi | 6 310.72±94.12fg | 1.75±0.03j | 32.36±0.48b | |||||||
W3N1S5 | 40.33±1.53hij | 46.66±1.25gh | 514.67±19.43efg | 6 784.84±152.55cd | 1.89±0.04hi | 34.79±0.78a | |||||||
W3N2S0 | 46.67±1.53ef | 50.15±0.73de | 536.33±17.79cde | 6 852.10±217.22c | 1.90±0.06hi | 26.87±0.85e | |||||||
W3N2S5 | 53.67±1.53ab | 53.45±1.17ab | 571.00±17.69ab | 7 680.14±84.23a | 2.13±0.02cd | 30.12±0.33c | |||||||
W3N3S0 | 43.67±1.53fgh | 48.84±1.34ef | 548.33±13.65bcd | 6 537.93±105.72def | 1.82±0.03ij | 20.76±0.34i | |||||||
W3N3S5 | 48.67±2.08de | 51.18±0.33cd | 589.33±10.02a | 7 195.18±185.19b | 1.96±0.05b | 22.84±0.59fg | |||||||
显著性Significance | |||||||||||||
灌水量W | 277.985** | 355.677** | 93.992** | 297.578** | 59.922** | 285.025** | |||||||
施氮量N | 77.739** | 82.082** | 68.320** | 89.862** | 84.570** | 109.311** | |||||||
覆土深度S | 96.552** | 101.513** | 45.598** | 126.326** | 116.821** | 117.354** | |||||||
W×N | 5.783** | 5.400** | 2.275 ns | 2.881* | 2.263ns | 5.891** | |||||||
W×S | 1.483ns | 1.832ns | 3.372* | 2.756ns | 0.532ns | 2.449ns | |||||||
N×S | 0.301ns | 0.365ns | 0.013ns | 7.149** | 6.572** | 6.103** | |||||||
W×N×S | 1.438ns | 1.355ns | 0.248ns | 1.557ns | 1.423ns | 1.335ns |
Tab.3 Changes of yield components and water and nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat under different treatments
处理 Treatments | 穗粒数 Grains per spike (粒/穗) | 千粒重 1000-grain weight (g) | 穗数 Spike number (穗/m2) | 产量 Yield (kg/hm2) | 灌溉水利用效率 Irrigation water-use efficiency (kg/m3) | 氮肥偏生产力 Nitrogen partial factor productivity (kg/kg) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1N1S0 | 30.67±1.15l | 40.66±0.57l | 447.00±8.19j | 5 173.52±151.71l | 1.92±0.06ghi | 26.53±0.78e | |||||||
W1N1S5 | 34.00±1.73kl | 41.99±0.86kl | 462.67±6.03ij | 5 502.42±146.69k | 2.04±0.05def | 28.22±0.75d | |||||||
W1N2S0 | 35.00±1.00k | 42.68±0.44jk | 471.00±9.64ij | 5 622.57±224.71jk | 2.08±0.08cde | 22.05±0.88gh | |||||||
W1N2S5 | 39.67±2.08ij | 45.48±1.47hi | 482.33±17.62hi | 6 108.30±177.24gh | 2.26±0.07b | 23.95±0.70f | |||||||
W1N3S0 | 31.33±0.58l | 41.36±1.23kl | 489.67±8.50ghi | 5 415.77±144.45kl | 2.01±0.05efg | 17.19±0.46k | |||||||
W1N3S5 | 35.67±0.58k | 44.34±0.88ij | 499.67±6.51gh | 5 804.55±147.00ij | 2.15±0.05c | 18.43±0.47j | |||||||
W2N1S0 | 42.00±2.00ghi | 47.33±0.94fg | 467.00±21.63ij | 6 011.98±245.64hi | 1.91±0.08hi | 30.83±1.26d | |||||||
W2N1S5 | 49.33±2.52cde | 51.67±0.73bcd | 503.00±12.29fgh | 6 244.05±102.98fgh | 1.98±0.03fgh | 32.02±0.53b | |||||||
W2N2S0 | 51.33±1.15bcd | 52.3±0.84bc | 514.00±8.89efg | 6 648.41±227.93cde | 2.11±0.07cd | 26.07±0.89e | |||||||
W2N2S5 | 55.33±1.15a | 55.13±0.62a | 551.67±20.21bcd | 7 568.59±123.86a | 2.40±0.04a | 29.68±0.49c | |||||||
W2N3S0 | 44.67±4.73fg | 49.3±0.99e | 528.33±19.5def | 6 437.12±83.92ef | 2.04±0.03def | 20.44±0.27i | |||||||
W2N3S5 | 52.33±2.08abc | 52.69±0.98bc | 558.00±18.00bc | 6 698.17±226.33cde | 2.13±0.07i | 21.26±0.72i | |||||||
W3N1S0 | 37.00±2.00jk | 45.00±1.71hi | 487.33±13.05ghi | 6 310.72±94.12fg | 1.75±0.03j | 32.36±0.48b | |||||||
W3N1S5 | 40.33±1.53hij | 46.66±1.25gh | 514.67±19.43efg | 6 784.84±152.55cd | 1.89±0.04hi | 34.79±0.78a | |||||||
W3N2S0 | 46.67±1.53ef | 50.15±0.73de | 536.33±17.79cde | 6 852.10±217.22c | 1.90±0.06hi | 26.87±0.85e | |||||||
W3N2S5 | 53.67±1.53ab | 53.45±1.17ab | 571.00±17.69ab | 7 680.14±84.23a | 2.13±0.02cd | 30.12±0.33c | |||||||
W3N3S0 | 43.67±1.53fgh | 48.84±1.34ef | 548.33±13.65bcd | 6 537.93±105.72def | 1.82±0.03ij | 20.76±0.34i | |||||||
W3N3S5 | 48.67±2.08de | 51.18±0.33cd | 589.33±10.02a | 7 195.18±185.19b | 1.96±0.05b | 22.84±0.59fg | |||||||
显著性Significance | |||||||||||||
灌水量W | 277.985** | 355.677** | 93.992** | 297.578** | 59.922** | 285.025** | |||||||
施氮量N | 77.739** | 82.082** | 68.320** | 89.862** | 84.570** | 109.311** | |||||||
覆土深度S | 96.552** | 101.513** | 45.598** | 126.326** | 116.821** | 117.354** | |||||||
W×N | 5.783** | 5.400** | 2.275 ns | 2.881* | 2.263ns | 5.891** | |||||||
W×S | 1.483ns | 1.832ns | 3.372* | 2.756ns | 0.532ns | 2.449ns | |||||||
N×S | 0.301ns | 0.365ns | 0.013ns | 7.149** | 6.572** | 6.103** | |||||||
W×N×S | 1.438ns | 1.355ns | 0.248ns | 1.557ns | 1.423ns | 1.335ns |
处理 Treatments | 产出 Output (元/hm2) | 投入 Input (元/hm2) | 净收益 Net yield (元/hm2) | 处理 Treatments | 产出 Output (元/hm2) | 投入 Input (元/hm2) | 净收益 Net yield (元/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1N1S0 | 13 399 | 8 190 | 5 210 | W1N1S5 | 14 251 | 8 415 | 5 836 |
W1N2S0 | 14 562 | 8 385 | 6 178 | W1N2S5 | 15 820 | 8 610 | 7 211 |
W1N3S0 | 14 027 | 8 580 | 5 447 | W1N3S5 | 15 034 | 8 805 | 6 229 |
W2N1S0 | 15 571 | 8 299 | 7 272 | W2N1S5 | 16 172 | 8 524 | 7 648 |
W2N2S0 | 17 219 | 8 494 | 8 725 | W2N2S5 | 19 603 | 8 719 | 10 883 |
W2N3S0 | 16 672 | 8 689 | 7 983 | W2N3S5 | 17 348 | 8 914 | 8 434 |
W3N1S0 | 16 345 | 9 109 | 7 236 | W3N1S5 | 17 573 | 9 334 | 8 239 |
W3N2S0 | 17 747 | 9 304 | 8 443 | W3N2S5 | 19 892 | 9 529 | 10 363 |
W3N3S0 | 16 933 | 9 499 | 7 435 | W3N3S5 | 18 636 | 9 724 | 8 912 |
Tab.4 Changes of economic benefit of different treatments
处理 Treatments | 产出 Output (元/hm2) | 投入 Input (元/hm2) | 净收益 Net yield (元/hm2) | 处理 Treatments | 产出 Output (元/hm2) | 投入 Input (元/hm2) | 净收益 Net yield (元/hm2) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
W1N1S0 | 13 399 | 8 190 | 5 210 | W1N1S5 | 14 251 | 8 415 | 5 836 |
W1N2S0 | 14 562 | 8 385 | 6 178 | W1N2S5 | 15 820 | 8 610 | 7 211 |
W1N3S0 | 14 027 | 8 580 | 5 447 | W1N3S5 | 15 034 | 8 805 | 6 229 |
W2N1S0 | 15 571 | 8 299 | 7 272 | W2N1S5 | 16 172 | 8 524 | 7 648 |
W2N2S0 | 17 219 | 8 494 | 8 725 | W2N2S5 | 19 603 | 8 719 | 10 883 |
W2N3S0 | 16 672 | 8 689 | 7 983 | W2N3S5 | 17 348 | 8 914 | 8 434 |
W3N1S0 | 16 345 | 9 109 | 7 236 | W3N1S5 | 17 573 | 9 334 | 8 239 |
W3N2S0 | 17 747 | 9 304 | 8 443 | W3N2S5 | 19 892 | 9 529 | 10 363 |
W3N3S0 | 16 933 | 9 499 | 7 435 | W3N3S5 | 18 636 | 9 724 | 8 912 |
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