Preliminary study on the effects of three plant extracts on cotton seed germination and seedling growth

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.006

Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (12): 2902-2910.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.006

• Crop Genetics and Breeding·Germplasm Resources·Molecular Genetics·Soil Fertilizer • Previous Articles Next Articles

Preliminary study on the effects of three plant extracts on cotton seed germination and seedling growth

ZHOU Xiaoyun¹^,²(), ZHANG Jungao¹^,²^,³, ZHOU Jiayu², LI Jin¹^,²^,³, QIN Bingshuang², LIANG Jing¹^,², GONG Jingyun¹^,², LEI Bin¹^,²^,³()

1. Institute of nuclear technology and Biotechnology of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of desert oasis crop physiology, ecology and farming of the Ministry of agriculture, Urumqi 830091,China
2. Xinjiang Crop Chemical Regulation Engineering Technology Research Center / Improvement and utilization of saline alkali soil of the Ministry of agriculture and rural areas (saline alkali land in arid and semi-arid areas) Key Laboratory, Urumqi 830091,China
3. Xinjiang oasis Xingyuan Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Urumqi 830091,China

Received:2023-03-21 Online:2023-12-20 Published:2024-01-03
Correspondence author: LEI Bin (1973-), male, Sichuan, researcher, Ph. D., research direction: crop chemical control research, (E-mail)leib668@xaas.ac.cn
Supported by:
The key R & D project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022B02001-2);The special project of the finance department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(65000022P007862101422);The rural revitalization project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2020NC018);The Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022D01D44);"One Belt and One Road" pesticide R&D base construction project(65000024P008758100965);The Innovation Ability Training Project for Young Sci-Tech Backbone Talents Sponsored by Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(xjnkq-2019018);Major science and technology projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2023A02003-5)

三种植物提取物对棉花种子发芽及幼苗生长影响

周小云¹^,²(), 张军高¹^,²^,³, 周佳玉², 李进¹^,²^,³, 秦冰霜², 梁晶¹^,², 龚静云¹^,², 雷斌¹^,²^,³()

1.新疆农业科学院核技术生物技术研究所/农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.新疆作物化学调控工程技术研究中心/农业农村部盐碱土改良与利用(干旱半干旱区盐碱地) 重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.新疆绿洲兴源农业科技有限责任公司,乌鲁木齐 830091

通讯作者: 雷斌(1973-),男,四川巴中人,研究员,博士,研究方向为农药研制及作物化控技术,(E-mail)leib668@xaas.ac.cn
作者简介:周小云(1977-),男,重庆人,研究员,博士,研究方向为作物化控与生物技术,(E-mail)xiaoyunzhou77@126.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发项目(2022B02001-2);新疆维吾尔自治区财政厅专项(65000022P007862101422);乡村振兴项目“塔额盆地优质绿色小麦安全生产关键技术示范应用”(2020NC018);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金重点项目(2022D01D44);“一带一路”农药研发基地建设项目(65000024P008758100965);新疆农业科学院青年科技骨干创新能力培养项目(xjnkq-2019018);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2023A02003-5)

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】To study the allelopathic effects of different plant methanol extracts on cotton seed germination and seedling growth, clarify the type of plant extracts with the best allelopathic effect and determine the appropriate concentration, so as to provide experimental basis and theoretical guidance for the development of new plant growth regulators.【Methods】Taking the popularized cotton seed Xinluzao 57 as the experimental material and the distilled water treatment as the control, the methanol extracts of Sophra alopecuroides, Euphorbia pekinensis, Cuminum cyminum were prepared into five solutions with different concentrations (100,10, 1, 0.1 and 0.01 mg/mL), respectively. After soaking of the seeds, the sand culture method was used to carry out the germination test to investigate the germination potential, germination rate, plant height, stem diameter, leaf photosynthesis and other indicators, and the principal component analysis method was applied to compare the biological effects of plant extracts on cotton growth.【Results】Compared with CK, the germination rate and germination index of cotton seeds treated with 1 mg/mL Sophra alopecuroides extract increased by 8.89% and 7.10% respectively, and the stem diameter, fibrous root number, fresh weight, dry weight and dry matter transport rate of seedlings increased by 24.61%, 20.00%, 66.09%, 50.00% and 4.90%, respectively; The germination rate, stem diameter, number of fibrous roots and net photosynthetic rate of cotton seeds treated with 0.1 mg/mL Cuminum cyminum methanol extract increased by 8.00%, 7.33%, 10.00% and 12.90%, respectively. Further principal component analysis showed that the comprehensive evaluation of 1 mg/mL Sophra alopecuroides extract treatment ranked first, followed by 0.1 mg/mL Cuminum cyminum extract treatment.【Conclusion】Different concentrations of plant extracts have different regulatory effects on cotton seed germination and seedling growth. Among them, 1 mg/mL l Sophra alopecuroides extract treatment is the best, followed by 0.1 mg/mL Cuminum cyminum extract treatment.

Key words: cotton; plant extracts; germination; growth and development

摘要：

【目的】研究不同植物甲醇提取物对棉花种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响,分析最佳的植物提取物种类及浓度,为新型植物生长调节剂的研制提供试验依据和理论基础。【方法】选用棉花品种新陆早57号为材料,以蒸馏水处理为对照,将苦豆子、曼陀罗、孜然3种植物甲醇提取物浸膏分别制备成5种不同浓度(100、10、1、0.1、0.01 mg/mL)的溶液浸种后,采用砂培法开展萌发试验,分析发芽势、发芽率、株高、茎粗、叶片光合等指标,并采用主成分分析方法比较植物提取物对棉花生长的生物学效应。【结果】与对照相比,1 mg/mL苦豆子提取物处理的棉种发芽率、发芽指数分别增加8.89%、7.10%,幼苗的茎粗、须根数、鲜重、干重以及干物质转运率分别提高24.61%、20.00%、66.09%、50.00%以及4.90%;0.1 mg/mL孜然甲醇提取物处理的棉花种子发芽率、茎粗、须根数、净光合速率分别增加8.00%、7.33%、10.00%、12.90%。1 mg/mL苦豆子提取物处理综合评价分排在第1位,0.1 mg/mL孜然提取物处理的综合评价分次之。【结论】植物提取物对棉花种子萌发及幼苗生长具有不同调控作用,整体呈现出高浓度抑制、低浓度促进的现象。其中,1 mg/mL苦豆子提取物处理最优,0.1 mg/mL孜然提取物处理次之。

关键词: 棉花, 植物提取物, 萌发, 生长发育

CLC Number:

ZHOU Xiaoyun, ZHANG Jungao, ZHOU Jiayu, LI Jin, QIN Bingshuang, LIANG Jing, GONG Jingyun, LEI Bin. Preliminary study on the effects of three plant extracts on cotton seed germination and seedling growth[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(12): 2902-2910.

周小云, 张军高, 周佳玉, 李进, 秦冰霜, 梁晶, 龚静云, 雷斌. 三种植物提取物对棉花种子发芽及幼苗生长影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(12): 2902-2910.

Figures/Tables 5

References 24

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不同处理 Different treatments	发芽势 Germination potential(%)	感应指数 Response Index	发芽率 Germination rate(%)	感应指数 Response Index	发芽指数 Germination Index	感应指数 Response Index	活力指数 Vitality Index	感应指数 Response Index
CK	6.67±2.89^a	—	75.00±8.67^b	—	34.67±26.30^ab	—	201.7±1.06^ab	—
C₁	1.67±2.89^ab	-2.99	28.33±10.41^c	-1.65	3.77±1.70^c	-8.20	20.18±1.06^c	-9.00
C₂	0.00	0.00	30.00±0.00^c	-1.50	1.49±0.49^c	22.27	7.62±1.08^c	-25.47
C₃	0.00	0.00	15.00±13.23^c	-4.00	1.42±0.15^c	23.42	6.30±1.05^c	-31.02
C₄	8.67±2.89^a	0.23	81.00±5.00^a	0.07	36.73±0.64^a	0.06	207.73±1.04^a	0.03
C₅	7.67±2.89^a	0.13	80.67±11.55^ab	0.07	35.02±0.24^ab	0.01	206.66±1.04^a	0.02
S₁	1.67±2.89^ab	-2.99	25.00±13.22^c	-2.00	1.85±0.37^c	17.74	9.49±1.05^c	-20.25
S₂	3.33±2.89^ab	-1.00	28.33±10.41^c	-1.65	1.33±0.61^c	25.07	6.51±1.06^c	-29.98
S₃	7.67±2.89^a	0.13	81.67±34.03^a	0.08	37.13±0.45^a	0.07	190.53±1.30^ab	-0.06
S₄	0.00	0.00	73.33±5.77^b	-0.02	32.47±1.84^ab	-0.07	155.90±1.01^b	-0.29
S₅	5.00±5.00^ab	-0.33	71.67±11.55^b	-0.05	31.16±0.28^ab	-0.11	170.18±1.08^b	-0.19
E₁	1.67±2.89^b	-2.99	10.00±5.00^c	-6.50	1.87±0.87^c	17.54	11.00±1.05^c	-17.34
E₂	3.33±2.89^b	-1.00	55.00±0.00^bc	-0.36	25.66±0.44^bc	-0.35	16.11±1.09^c	-11.52
E₃	5.00±0.00^ab	-0.33	41.67±20.21^bc	-0.80	20.86±0.25^bc	-0.66	128.84±1.12^bc	-0.57
E₄	3.33±5.77^b	-1.00	65.00±18.03^b	-0.15	21.42±0.92^bc	-0.62	113.10±1.62^bc	-0.78
E₅	5.00±5.00^ab	-0.33	75.00±10.00^b	0.00	32.51±1.16^ab	-0.07	171.12±1.10^b	-0.18

不同处理 Different treatments	发芽势 Germination potential(%)	感应指数 Response Index	发芽率 Germination rate(%)	感应指数 Response Index	发芽指数 Germination Index	感应指数 Response Index	活力指数 Vitality Index	感应指数 Response Index
CK	6.67±2.89^a	—	75.00±8.67^b	—	34.67±26.30^ab	—	201.7±1.06^ab	—
C₁	1.67±2.89^ab	-2.99	28.33±10.41^c	-1.65	3.77±1.70^c	-8.20	20.18±1.06^c	-9.00
C₂	0.00	0.00	30.00±0.00^c	-1.50	1.49±0.49^c	22.27	7.62±1.08^c	-25.47
C₃	0.00	0.00	15.00±13.23^c	-4.00	1.42±0.15^c	23.42	6.30±1.05^c	-31.02
C₄	8.67±2.89^a	0.23	81.00±5.00^a	0.07	36.73±0.64^a	0.06	207.73±1.04^a	0.03
C₅	7.67±2.89^a	0.13	80.67±11.55^ab	0.07	35.02±0.24^ab	0.01	206.66±1.04^a	0.02
S₁	1.67±2.89^ab	-2.99	25.00±13.22^c	-2.00	1.85±0.37^c	17.74	9.49±1.05^c	-20.25
S₂	3.33±2.89^ab	-1.00	28.33±10.41^c	-1.65	1.33±0.61^c	25.07	6.51±1.06^c	-29.98
S₃	7.67±2.89^a	0.13	81.67±34.03^a	0.08	37.13±0.45^a	0.07	190.53±1.30^ab	-0.06
S₄	0.00	0.00	73.33±5.77^b	-0.02	32.47±1.84^ab	-0.07	155.90±1.01^b	-0.29
S₅	5.00±5.00^ab	-0.33	71.67±11.55^b	-0.05	31.16±0.28^ab	-0.11	170.18±1.08^b	-0.19
E₁	1.67±2.89^b	-2.99	10.00±5.00^c	-6.50	1.87±0.87^c	17.54	11.00±1.05^c	-17.34
E₂	3.33±2.89^b	-1.00	55.00±0.00^bc	-0.36	25.66±0.44^bc	-0.35	16.11±1.09^c	-11.52
E₃	5.00±0.00^ab	-0.33	41.67±20.21^bc	-0.80	20.86±0.25^bc	-0.66	128.84±1.12^bc	-0.57
E₄	3.33±5.77^b	-1.00	65.00±18.03^b	-0.15	21.42±0.92^bc	-0.62	113.10±1.62^bc	-0.78
E₅	5.00±5.00^ab	-0.33	75.00±10.00^b	0.00	32.51±1.16^ab	-0.07	171.12±1.10^b	-0.18

不同处理 Treatments	株高 Strain heigh (cm)	感应指数 Response Index	茎粗 Stem diameter(mm)	感应指数 Response Index	主根长 Taproot length(cm)	感应指数 Response Index	须根数 Number of fibers root	感应指数 Response Index
CK	10.57±1.00^ab	—	1.91±0.11^ab	—	30.2±3.01^b	—	10.00±1.00^b	—
C₁	9.73±0.90^ab	-0.09	1.90±0.12^ab	-0.01	28.65±2.09^bc	-0.05	8.00±0.80^b	-0.25
C₂	9.30±0.90^ab	-0.14	2.20±0.20^a	0.13	28.09±2.01^bc	-0.08	6.00±0.60^b	-0.67
C₃	8.07±0.80^b	-0.31	1.96±0.11^ab	0.03	27.97±1.98^c	-0.08	8.00±0.80^b	-0.25
C₄	10.23±1.00^a	-0.03	2.05±0.22^a	0.07	32.19±3.12^a	0.06	11.00±1.00^ab	0.09
C₅	10.73±1.00^a	0.01	2.04±0.11^a	0.06	31.2±3.02^ab	0.03	19.00±1.90^a	0.47
S₁	9.33±0.90^ab	-0.13	2.32±0.17^a	0.18	28.98±1.98^bc	-0.04	5.00±0.50^b	-1.00
S₂	8.90±0.89^b	-0.19	1.64±0.12^b	-0.16	29.13±1.86^bc	-0.04	6.00±0.61^b	-0.67
S₃	9.33±0.93^ab	-0.13	2.38±0.21^a	0.20	32.88±3.11^a	0.08	12.00±1.20^a	0.17
S₄	8.73±0.87^b	-0.21	2.08±0.11^a	0.08	30.23±3.02^b	0.00	6.00±0.51^b	-0.67
S₅	9.93±0.90^ab	-0.06	2.27±0.21^a	0.16	30.74±2.88^b	0.02	12.00±1.20^a	0.17
E₁	10.70±1.00^a	0.01	2.13±0.13^a	0.10	28.88±2.77^bc	-0.05	13.00±1.20^a	0.23
E₂	11.77±1.18^a	0.10	1.93±0.11^ab	0.01	29.15±2.19^b	-0.04	8.00±0.71^b	-0.25
E₃	11.23±1.12^a	0.06	2.03±0.12^a	0.06	30.19±2.78^b	0.00	10.00±1.00^b	0.00
E₄	9.60±0.97^ab	-0.10	2.28±0.21^a	0.16	29.41±2.56^b	-0.03	12.00±1.20^a	0.17
E₅	9.57±0.96^ab	-0.10	1.79±0.11^b	-0.07	30.78±2.65^b	0.02	7.00±0.61^b	-0.43

不同处理 Treatments	株高 Strain heigh (cm)	感应指数 Response Index	茎粗 Stem diameter(mm)	感应指数 Response Index	主根长 Taproot length(cm)	感应指数 Response Index	须根数 Number of fibers root	感应指数 Response Index
CK	10.57±1.00^ab	—	1.91±0.11^ab	—	30.2±3.01^b	—	10.00±1.00^b	—
C₁	9.73±0.90^ab	-0.09	1.90±0.12^ab	-0.01	28.65±2.09^bc	-0.05	8.00±0.80^b	-0.25
C₂	9.30±0.90^ab	-0.14	2.20±0.20^a	0.13	28.09±2.01^bc	-0.08	6.00±0.60^b	-0.67
C₃	8.07±0.80^b	-0.31	1.96±0.11^ab	0.03	27.97±1.98^c	-0.08	8.00±0.80^b	-0.25
C₄	10.23±1.00^a	-0.03	2.05±0.22^a	0.07	32.19±3.12^a	0.06	11.00±1.00^ab	0.09
C₅	10.73±1.00^a	0.01	2.04±0.11^a	0.06	31.2±3.02^ab	0.03	19.00±1.90^a	0.47
S₁	9.33±0.90^ab	-0.13	2.32±0.17^a	0.18	28.98±1.98^bc	-0.04	5.00±0.50^b	-1.00
S₂	8.90±0.89^b	-0.19	1.64±0.12^b	-0.16	29.13±1.86^bc	-0.04	6.00±0.61^b	-0.67
S₃	9.33±0.93^ab	-0.13	2.38±0.21^a	0.20	32.88±3.11^a	0.08	12.00±1.20^a	0.17
S₄	8.73±0.87^b	-0.21	2.08±0.11^a	0.08	30.23±3.02^b	0.00	6.00±0.51^b	-0.67
S₅	9.93±0.90^ab	-0.06	2.27±0.21^a	0.16	30.74±2.88^b	0.02	12.00±1.20^a	0.17
E₁	10.70±1.00^a	0.01	2.13±0.13^a	0.10	28.88±2.77^bc	-0.05	13.00±1.20^a	0.23
E₂	11.77±1.18^a	0.10	1.93±0.11^ab	0.01	29.15±2.19^b	-0.04	8.00±0.71^b	-0.25
E₃	11.23±1.12^a	0.06	2.03±0.12^a	0.06	30.19±2.78^b	0.00	10.00±1.00^b	0.00
E₄	9.60±0.97^ab	-0.10	2.28±0.21^a	0.16	29.41±2.56^b	-0.03	12.00±1.20^a	0.17
E₅	9.57±0.96^ab	-0.10	1.79±0.11^b	-0.07	30.78±2.65^b	0.02	7.00±0.61^b	-0.43

不同处理 Treatments	鲜重 Fresh weight (g)	感应指数 Response Index	干重 Dry weight (g)	感应指数 Response Index	干物质转率 Dry matter conversion rate(%)	感应指数 Response Index	呼吸消耗量 Respiratory consumption (mg/株)	感应指数 Response Index
CK	1.74±0.11^b	—	0.10±0.01^b	—	39.82±3.81^ab	—	30.22±3.01^b	—
C₁	1.78±0.12^ab	0.02	0.13±0.01^b	0.23	38.66±2.44^b	-0.030	33.17±3.17^a	0.089
C₂	0.86±0.06^b	-1.02	0.16±0.01^ab	0.38	38.21±3.21^b	-0.012	32.19±3.01^a	-0.030
C₃	1.36±0.13^ab	-0.28	0.09±0.01^b	-0.11	37.65±3.27^b	-0.015	32.08±3.08^a	-0.003
C₄	2.64±0.21^a	0.34	0.50±0.03^a	0.80	40.93±3.88^a	0.080	30.11±2.98^b	-0.065
C₅	2.58±0.21^a	0.33	0.70±0.05^a	0.86	40.02±3.85^ab	-0.023	29.91±2.91^b	-0.007
S₁	0.31±0.02^b	-4.61	0.05±0.01^b	-1.00	39.12±3.41^b	-0.023	32.11±3.01^a	0.069
S₂	1.44±0.11^ab	-0.21	0.13±0.01^b	0.23	39.26±3.91^ab	0.004	30.78±2.90^b	-0.043
S₃	2.89±0.19^a	0.40	0.15±0.02^b	0.33	41.77±3.85^a	0.060	29.88±2.88^b	-0.030
S₄	0.64±0.05^b	-1.72	0.05±0.01^b	-1.00	39.34±3.91^ab	-0.062	30.15±2.56^b	0.009
S₅	1.90±0.14^ab	0.08	0.12±0.01^b	0.17	39.55±3.82^ab	0.005	30.17±2.67^b	0.001
E₁	0.63±0.05^b	-1.76	0.08±0.01^b	-0.25	39.25±3.80^ab	-0.008	30.98±2.89^b	0.026
E₂	0.45±0.05^b	-2.87	0.07±0.01^b	-0.43	39.33±3.41^ab	0.002	30.89±2.85^b	-0.003
E₃	0.73±0.07^b	-1.38	0.12±0.01^b	0.17	39.35±3.80^ab	0.001	30.98±2.94^b	0.003
E₄	0.89±0.07^b	-0.96	0.10±0.01^b	0.00	39.31±3.71^ab	-0.001	31.02±3.01^ab	0.001
E₅	0.85±0.08^b	-1.05	0.10±0.01^b	0.00	39.87±3.80^ab	0.014	30.13±3.03^b	-0.030

Preliminary study on the effects of three plant extracts on cotton seed germination and seedling growth

三种植物提取物对棉花种子发芽及幼苗生长影响

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不同处理 Treatments	净光合速率 Net photosynthesis rate (μmol/(m²·S))	蒸腾速率 Transpiration rate (mmol/(m²·S))	气孔导度 Stomatal conductance (mol/(m²·S))	胞间二氧化碳浓度 Intercellular CO₂ concentration (μmol/mol)	气孔限制值 Stomatal limiation
CK	3.1±0.2^b	1.01±0.1^ab	21.1±2.1^b	281.3±8.7^b	0.3^ab
C₁	3.0±0.1^b	1.02±0.1^ab	20.1±2.4^b	271.3±8.5^b	0.3^ab
C₂	2.8±0.1^b	1.02±0.1^a	20.4±2.1^b	279.3±16.7^b	0.2^ab
C₃	2.9±0.1^b	1.01±0.1^ab	20.2±2.5^b	271.3±15.3^b	0.2^ab
C₄	3.5±0.2^a	1.04±0.1^a	22.0±2.1^a	296.3±20.7^a	0.3^ab
C₅	3.4±0.1^a	1.03±0.2^a	22.2±3.1^a	295.3±20.8^a	0.2^ab
S₁	3.0±0.1_b	1.02±0.1^a	20.1±2.7_b	286.3±7.9^ab	0.4^a
S₂	2.8±0.1_b	1.01±0.1^ab	20.2±2.1_b	289.3±8.4^ab	0.2^ab
S₃	3.3±0.2^ab	1.03±0.1^a	22.2±2.4^a	301.3±14.1^a	0.3^a
S₄	3.0±0.1_b	1.02±0.2^a	21.3±2.2^ab	291.3±13.1^a	0.3^ab
S₅	2.9±0.1_b	1.02±0.1^a	21.1±2.4_b	287.3±7.8^ab	0.3^ab
E₁	2.8±0.2_b	1.01±0.1^a	20.2±2.3_b	281.3±9.9_b	0.2^ab
E₂	3.0±0.1_b	1.01±0.1^ab	20.2±2.2_b	287.3±14.9^ab	0.3^ab
E₃	2.9±0.1_b	1.02±0.2^a	21.3±2.1_b	291.3±18.6^a	0.2^ab
E₄	3.0±0.2_b	1.01±0.1^ab	20.8±2.5_b	295.3±9.7^a	0.3^ab
E₅	2.8±0.1_b	1.02±0.1^a	21.7±2.2_b	292.3±9.4^a	0.2^ab

不同处理 Treatments	因子Factors				F₁	F₂	F₃	F₄	F	排序 Order
不同处理 Treatments	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3	Factor 4	F₁	F₂	F₃	F₄	F	排序 Order
CK	0.97	0.09	-0.39	-0.58	2.57	0.13	-0.43	-0.59	0.96	3
C₁	-1.10	-0.17	0.64	-0.53	-2.92	-0.24	0.70	-0.54	-1.27	15
C₂	-1.31	0.39	0.37	0.31	-3.48	0.54	0.41	0.31	-1.25	14
C₃	-1.43	0.15	1.46	-0.55	-3.78	0.21	1.60	-0.56	-1.39	16
C₄	1.53	-1.02	0.82	0.32	4.06	-1.42	0.90	0.32	1.65	2
C₅	0.99	-3.34	-0.58	0.03	2.62	-4.63	-0.64	0.03	-0.02	8
S₁	-1.08	0.69	0.24	1.05	-2.86	0.96	0.27	1.07	-0.79	11
S₂	-0.63	0.32	0.82	-2.09	-1.67	0.44	0.90	-2.13	-0.81	12
S₃	1.55	-0.12	1.24	1.90	4.10	-0.17	1.36	1.94	2.29	1
S₄	0.27	1.00	0.71	-0.10	0.71	1.39	0.77	-0.10	0.74	5
S₅	0.62	0.18	-0.11	0.91	1.65	0.25	-0.12	0.93	0.90	4
E₁	-0.93	0.13	-1.47	0.45	-2.46	0.19	-1.60	0.46	-1.23	13
E₂	-0.12	0.43	-1.96	-0.62	-0.31	0.60	-2.14	-0.63	-0.48	10
E₃	0.00	0.26	-1.52	-0.16	0.00	0.36	-1.67	-0.16	-0.25	9
E₄	0.00	0.23	-0.19	1.11	0.01	0.32	-0.21	1.13	0.23	7
E₅	0.66	0.79	-0.10	-1.45	1.74	1.09	-0.11	-1.48	0.73	6

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