Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Distribution Ratios on Drip Irrigation Upland Rice Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.06.009

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer application ratios on the yield, quality and nitrogen use efficiency of upland rice in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer for upland rice.【Method】 In this experiment, a plot test was carried out, and four treatments were set, respectively: (1) control (no nitrogen fertilizer was applied); (2) The distribution ratio of nitrogen fertilizer was tiller fertilizer: panicle fertilizer = 2∶8; (3) The distribution ratio of nitrogen fertilizer was tiller fertilizer: panicle fertilizer = 6∶4; (4) The distribution ratio of nitrogen fertilizer was tiller fertilizer: panicle fertilizer = 8∶2; The nitrogen application amounts were all 120 kg/hm², respectively expressed by: CK, N (2∶8), N (6∶4) and N (8∶2).【Results】 The yield under N (6:4) treatment increased by 17.2% and 13.7%, respectively, compared with that under N (2∶8) and N (8∶2) treatment.Compared with N (2∶8) and N (8∶2) treatments, the yield of N (6∶4) treatment increased by 31.9% and 23.4%, respectively, and the yield of N (6∶4) treatment with partial productivity increased by 17.2% and 13.7%, respectively.In terms of processing quality, nitrogen application significantly reduced the white rice rate and the whole white rice rate, but increased the brown rice rate.The protein content of rice could be significantly increased by increasing the proportion of ear fertilizer, which was beneficial to the nutritional quality of rice.【Conclusion】 Under the same nitrogen application level, the yield and rice quality of upland rice can be significantly increased and the nitrogen use efficiency of upland rice can be improved when the ratio of nitrogen fertilizer is tiller fertilizer∶panicle fertilizer = 6∶4.

Key words: upland rice; nitrogen fertilizer application ratio; yield; quality; nitrogen use efficiency

摘要：

【目的】 研究氮肥施用比例对旱稻产量、品质及氮肥利用率的影响,为旱稻合理施用氮肥提供理论依据。【方法】 采用小区试验,设4个处理,分别为(1)对照(不施用氮肥);(2)施氮蘖肥:穗肥=2∶8;(3)施氮蘖肥:穗肥=6∶4;(4)施氮蘖肥:穗肥=8∶2;施氮量均为120 kg/hm²,分别用CK、N(2∶8)、N(6∶4)和N(8∶2)表示。【结果】 N(6∶4)处理产量较N(2∶8)与N(8∶2)处理分别提高了17.2%和13.7%。氮肥农学利用效率N(6∶4)处理产量较N(2∶8)与N(8∶2)处理分别增加了31.9%和23.4%,氮肥偏生产力N(6∶4)处理产量较N(2∶8)与N(8∶2)处理分别增加了17.2%和13.7%。施氮显著降低了稻米的精米率与整精米率,但增加了糙米率。适当的提高穗肥比例可以显著增加稻米蛋白质的含量,有利于稻米的营养品质。【结论】 在同一施氮水平下,适当增加穗肥比例,氮肥分配比例为蘖肥∶穗肥为6∶4时可以显著增加旱稻产量及稻米品质,提高旱稻氮肥利用效率。

关键词: 旱稻, 氮肥施用比例, 产量, 品质, 氮肥利用率

CLC Number:

S511

CHU Xuan, SUO Changkai, WANG Luxia, YE Jun, MIN Wei, HOU Zhenan. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Distribution Ratios on Drip Irrigation Upland Rice Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(6): 1384-1391.

褚璇, 索常凯, 王露霞, 冶军, 闵伟, 侯振安. 氮肥分配比例对滴灌旱稻产量及氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(6): 1384-1391.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1 Proportion and period of application of nitrogen fertilizer

处理	氮肥施用量The nitrogen application rate(kg/hm²)
处理	6月11日	6月17日	6月24日	7月1日	7月8日	7月15日	7月22日	8月5日	总计
CK	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	/	0
N(2∶8)	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8	4.8	32	32	32	120
N(6∶4)	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4	14.4	16	16	16	120
N(8∶2)	19.2	19.2	19.2	19.2	19.2	8	8	8	120

Fig.1 Biomass of abovementional organs in upland rice at different growth stages

Table 2 Nitrogen uptake by each organ in the mature stage of upland rice(kg/hm2)

处理Treatment	茎鞘 Stem	叶片 Leaf	颖壳 Glumes	籽粒Grain	合计 Total
CK	35.89^c	17.20^a	8.13^c	17.98^b	79.2^c
N (2∶8)	37.92^c	18.76^a	10.22^b	44.69^a	111.5^b
N (6∶4)	46.81^b	18.89^a	9.9 ${8^{b}}^{c}$	50.63^a	126.3^a
N (8∶2)	54.14^a	14.30^b	13.81^a	49.43^a	131.7^a

Table 2 Nitrogen uptake by each organ in the mature stage of upland rice(kg/hm2)

处理Treatment	茎鞘 Stem	叶片 Leaf	颖壳 Glumes	籽粒Grain	合计 Total
CK	35.89^c	17.20^a	8.13^c	17.98^b	79.2^c
N (2∶8)	37.92^c	18.76^a	10.22^b	44.69^a	111.5^b
N (6∶4)	46.81^b	18.89^a	9.9 ${8^{b}}^{c}$	50.63^a	126.3^a
N (8∶2)	54.14^a	14.30^b	13.81^a	49.43^a	131.7^a

Table 3 Yield and its constituent factors under different n application rates

处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Number of productive ear (10⁴穗/hm²)	每穗粒数 Grains per spike(个)	结实率 Seed-setting rate(%)	千粒重 1,000-grain weight(g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
CK	481^c	34.6^b	70.7^b	15.4^c	2 563^c
N (2∶8)	60 ${0^{a}}^{b}$	40.7^a	81.3^a	15.5^c	3 780^b
N (6∶4)	621^a	39.0^a	83.0^a	19.9^a	4 431^a
N (8∶2)	551^b	41.1^a	83.3^a	17.2^b	3 896^b

Table 3 Yield and its constituent factors under different n application rates

处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Number of productive ear (10⁴穗/hm²)	每穗粒数 Grains per spike(个)	结实率 Seed-setting rate(%)	千粒重 1,000-grain weight(g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
CK	481^c	34.6^b	70.7^b	15.4^c	2 563^c
N (2∶8)	60 ${0^{a}}^{b}$	40.7^a	81.3^a	15.5^c	3 780^b
N (6∶4)	621^a	39.0^a	83.0^a	19.9^a	4 431^a
N (8∶2)	551^b	41.1^a	83.3^a	17.2^b	3 896^b

Table 4 Efficiency of nitrogen use in upland rice

处理 Treatment	氮肥农学利用效率 Agronomic use efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer (%)	氮肥吸收利用率 Nitrogen uptake efficiency (%)	氮肥生理利用率 Nitrogen physiological efficiency (kg/kg)	氮肥偏生产力 Nitrogen partial productivity (kg/kg)
N (2∶8)	31.94^b	27.00^b	40.34^a	31.50^b
N (6∶4)	42.14^a	39.28^a	40.18^a	36.93^a
N (8∶2)	34.16^b	43.74^a	25.79^b	32.47^b

Table 5 Differences of quality factors under different nitrogen application rates

处理 Treatment	加工品质			外观品质		营养品质
处理 Treatment	糙米率 Brown rice rate (%)	精米率 Milled rice rate(%)	整精米率 Head rice rate(%)	垩白粒率 Chalky grain rate(%)	垩白度 Chalkiness degree	蛋白质含量 Protein content (%)	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content (%)
CK	52.1^d	89.7^a	80.2^a	29.1^b	10.0^a	7.3^d	24.9^a
N (2∶8)	69.8^b	71.5^c	62.0^c	34.6^a	10.9^a	9.5^a	17.7^b
N (6∶4)	73.1^a	80.1^b	69.0^b	31.6^b	9.8^b	8.6^b	18.4^b
N (8∶2)	63.3^c	67.3^d	58.0^d	36.4^a	9.1^b	8.0^c	22.7^a

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