Effect of Drip Irrigation Pattern and Planting Density on Leaf Senescence of Cotton

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.11.002

Abstract

Abstract: 【Objective】 To explore the regulation of drip irrigation pattern and planting density on the cotton yield-forming stage of leaf senescence and dry matter production and provide evidence for regulation drip irrigation of cotton premature senescence and increase yield. 【Method】Used Xinluzao 45 as the experimental material, field experiments were conducted with two drip irrigation patterns (I₁, 600 nm and I₂, 450 nm) and three levels of planting densities (D₁, 12×10⁴ plant/hm²; 24×10⁴ plant/hm²; 36×10⁴ plant/hm²). The leaf area index, chlorophyll content, protective enzyme of cotton and dry matter accumulation were measured.【Result】Compared with the conventional drip irrigation, limited drip irrigation treatment of leaf area index(LAI) decreased by 17.8%, but superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and peroxidase activity (POD) increased by 8.4%, 44.7%, 12.9%, respectively. There was not significant difference between the two treatments in dry matter accumulation. With the increase of planting density, LAI, dry matter accumulation as well soluble protein (Pr), malondialdehyde (MDA) and chlorophyll content at full boll stage showed a trend of increase gradually. Correlation analysis showed that the SOD was very significant positive correlation between LAI and (r = 0.485^**), LAI and reproductive organs dry and total dry matter were extremely significant positive correlation (r = 0.721^**, r = 0.721^**). Under limited drip irrigation condition, the high density treatment enhanced the leaves chlorophyll content, SOD activity, POD activity and Pr content after full boll stage, and extended LAI maximum duration, which finally achieved the highest total and reproductive dry matter accumulation.【Conclusion】Therefore, under the condition of limited drip irrigation a modest increase in planting density can be used as effective control measures to delay the cotton senescence and increase the production in arid areas.

Key words: cotton; drip irrigation pattern; planting density; leaf senescence; dry matter production

摘要： 【目的】研究不同滴灌模式下,种植密度对棉花产量形成期叶片衰老及物质生产的调节作用,为调控滴灌棉花早衰和提高棉花产量提供依据。【方法】选用新陆早45号为试验材料,设置常规滴灌(I₁,600 mm)和有限滴灌(I₂,450 mm),每种滴灌模式下设低密度(D₁,12×10⁴株/hm²)、中密度(D₂,24×10⁴株/hm²)和高密度(D₃,36×10⁴株/hm²),测定了棉花产量形成期叶面积指数(LAI)、叶绿素含量、保护性酶活性及干物质量的动态变化。【结果】与常规滴灌处理相比,有限滴灌处理棉花LAI降低了17.8%,但盛铃期叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性分别增加了8.4%、44.7%、12.9%;两处理间干物质累积量无明显差异。随种植密度增加,LAI、干物质累积量及盛铃期可溶性蛋白(Pr)、丙二醛(MDA)、叶绿素含量均呈逐渐增加趋势。相关分析表明,SOD与LAI间呈极显著正相关(r=0.485^**),LAI与生殖器官干重和总干物质重均极显著正相关(r=0.721^**,r=0.859^**)。有限滴灌条件下,高密度处理通过增强盛铃期后叶片叶绿素含量、SOD活性、POD活性和Pr含量,延长LAI高值持续期,最终获得了较高群体总干物质和生殖器官累积量。【结论】有限滴灌条件下,增加种植密度可弥补水分亏缺对棉株生长的负面效应,有利于实现棉花节水高产。

关键词: 棉花, 滴灌方式, 种植密度, 叶片衰老, 物质生产

CLC Number:

S562

MA Hui, NIU Yu-ping, XIA Jun, CHEN Zong-kui, LUO Hong-hai. Effect of Drip Irrigation Pattern and Planting Density on Leaf Senescence of Cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 54(11): 1972-1982.

马卉, 牛玉萍, 夏军, 陈宗奎, 罗宏海. 滴灌模式和种植密度对棉花叶片衰老特性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2017, 54(11): 1972-1982.

References 30

[1]	赵文赛, 孙永林, 刘西平. 干旱-复水-再干旱处理对玉米光合能力和生长的影响[J]. 植物生态学报, 2016, 40(6):594-603.ZHAO Wen-sai, SUN Yong-ling, LIU Xi-ping. (2016). Effects of drought-rewatering-drought on photosynthesis and growth of maize [J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology , 40(6): 594-603. (in Chinese)
[2]	Blum, A. (2005). Drought resistance, water-use efficiency, and yield potential-are they compatible, dissonant, or mutually exclusive. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research , 56(11): 1,159-1,168.
[3]	Constable, G. A., & Bange, M. P. (2015). The yield potential of cotton (gossypium hirsutum , l.). Field Crops Research , 182: 98-106.
[4]	杨传杰, 罗毅, 孙林,等. 水分胁迫对覆膜滴灌棉花根系活力和叶片生理的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2012, 29(5):802-810.YANG Chuan-jie, LUO Yi, SUN Ling, et al. (2012). Effect of Water Stress on Root Vigor and Leaf Physiology of Cotton under Mulch Drip Irrigation [J]. Arid Zone Research , 29(5):802-810. (in Chinese)
[5]	闫映宇, 赵成义, 盛钰,等. 膜下滴灌对棉花根系、地上部分生物量及产量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2009, 20(4):970-976.YAN Yin-yu, ZHAO Chen-yi, SHENG Yu, et al. (2009). Effects of drip irrigation under mulching on cotton root and shoot biomass and yield [J]. Chinese Journal Applied Ecology , 20(4):970-976. (in Chinese)
[6]	杜明伟, 罗宏海, 张亚黎,等. 新疆超高产杂交棉的光合生产特征研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2009, 42(6):1 952-1 962.DU Ming-wei, LUO Hong-hai, ZHANG Ya-li, , et al. (2009). Photosynthesis Characteristics of Super-High-Yield Hybrid Cotton in Xinjiang [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica , 42(6):1,952-1,962. (in Chinese)
[7]	薛延丰, 刘兆普. 钙离子对盐胁迫下菊芋幼苗的生长、生理反应和光合能力的影响理论[J]. 农业工程学报, 2006, 22(9):44-47.XUE Yan-feng, LIU Zhao-pu. (2006). Effects of calcium ion on growth, physiological responses and photosynthetic ability in salt-stressed Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) seedlings [J]. Trans CSAE , 22(9): 44-47. (in Chinese)
[8]	Giannopolitis, C. N., & Ries, S. K. (1977). Superoxide dismutases: ii. purification and quantitative relationship with water-soluble protein in seedlings. Plant Physiology , 59(2): 315.
[9]	张宏芝, 干秀霞, 虎晓兵,等. 膜下滴灌水氮运筹方式对棉花叶片衰老及产量和品质的影响[J]. 石河子大学学报(自科版), 2010, 28(6):661-667.ZHANG Hong-zhi, GAN Xiu-xia, HU Xiao-bing, et al. (2010). Effects of Irrigation and Nitogen Application Regimes on Leaf Senesecence and Yield and Fiber Quality of Cotton in Plastic Mulched/Drip Irrigated Systems [J]. Journal of Shihezi University (Natural Science) , 28(6):661-667. (in Chinese)
[10]	Eltayeb, M. A. (2015). Differential response of two vicia faba cultivars to drought: growth, pigments, lipid peroxidation, organic solutes, catalase and peroxidase activity. Acta Agronomica Hungarica , 54(54): 25-37.
[11]	罗宏海, 韩焕勇, 张亚黎,等. 干旱和复水对膜下滴灌棉花根系及叶片内源激素含量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2013, 24(4):1 009-1 016.LUO Hong-hai, HAN Huan-yong, ZHANG Ya-li, et al. (2013). Effects of drought and re-watering on endogenous hormone contents of cotton roots and leaves under drip irrigation with mulch [J]. Chinese Journal Applied Ecology , (24): 1,009-1,016. (in Chinese)
[12]	陈玉梁, 石有太, 罗俊杰,等. 干旱胁迫对彩色棉花农艺、品质性状和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2013, 39(11):2 074-2 082.CHEN Yu-liang, SHI You-tai, LUO Jun-jie, et al. (2013). Effect of Drought Stress on Agronomic Traits, Quality, and WUE in Different Colored Upland Cotton Varieties (Lines) [J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica , 39(11):2,074-2,082. (in Chinese)
[13]	解婷婷, 苏培玺, 周紫鹃,等. 集群种植方式对棉花田间小气候效应和产量的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2014, 23(3):55-61.JIE Ting-ting, SU Pei-xi, ZHOU Zi-juan, et al. (2014). Effect of cluster planting on filed microclimate and yield of cotton[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica , 23(3):55-61.(in Chinese)
[14]	Luo, H. H., Zhang, Y. L., & Zhang, W. F. (2016). Effects of water stress and rewatering on photosynthesis, root activity, and yield of cotton with drip irrigation under mulch. Photosynthetica , 54(1): 65-73.
[15]	李合生. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社, 2000. LI He-sheng. (2000). Principles and Techniques of Plant Physiological and Biochemical Experiment [M]. Beijing: Higher Education Press. (in Chinese)
[16]	刘红云, 梁宗锁, 刘淑明,等. 持续干旱及复水对杜仲幼苗保护酶活性和渗透调节物质的影响[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2007, 22(3):55-59.LIU Hong-yun, LIANG Zong-suo, Liu Shu-ming, et al. (2007). Effect of Progressive Drying and Rewatering on Protective Enzyme Activities and Osmoregulatory Molecules in Leaves of Eucommiaulmoides Seeding [J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University , 22(3):55-59. (in Chinese)
[17]	卢建武, 邱慧珍, 张文明,等. 半干旱雨养农业区马铃薯干物质和钾素积累与分配特性[J]. 应用生态学报, 2013, 24(2):423-430.LU Jian-wu, QIU Hui-zhen, ZHANG Wen-ming, et al. (2013). Characteristics of dry matter and potassium accumulation and distribution in potato plant in semi-arid rainfedareas [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology , 24(2):423-430.(in Chinese)
[18]	刘瑞显, 史伟, 徐立华,等. 种植密度对棉花干物质、氮素累积与分配的影响[J]. 江苏农业学报, 2011, 27(2):250-257.LUI Rei-xian, SHI Wei, XU Li-hua, et al. (2011).Effects of planting density on dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and distribution of cotton [J]. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences , 27(2):250-257. (in Chinese)
[19]	罗宏海, 李俊华, 勾玲,等. 膜下滴灌对不同土壤水分棉花花铃期光合生产、分配及籽棉产量的调节[J]. 中国农业科学, 2008, 41(7):1 955-1 962.LUO Hong-hai, LI Jun-hua, GOU Ling, et al. (2008). Regulation of Under-Mulch-Drip Irrigation on Production and Distribution of Photosynthetic Assimilate and Cotton Yield under Different Soil Moisture Contents During Cotton Flowering and Boll-Setting Stage [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica , 41(7):1,955-1,962. (in Chinese)
[20]	赵黎明, 李明, 郑殿峰,等. 灌溉方式与种植密度对寒地水稻产量及光合物质生产特征的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(6): 159-169.ZHAO Li-ming, LI Ming, ZHEN Dian-feng, et al.(2015). Effects of irrigation methods and rice planting densities on yield and photosynthetic characteristics of matter production in cold area [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering , 231(6): 159-169. (in Chinese)
[21]	蔡易, 邹德堂, 刘化龙,等. 不同灌溉方式对寒地粳稻抗旱生理性状的影响[J]. 农业现代化研究, 2012, 33(5):622-627.CAI Yi, ZHOU De-tang, LIU Hua-long, et al. (2012). Effects of Different Irrigation Patterns on Drought-resistance Physiological Indexes of Japonica Rice in Cold Region [J]. Research of Agricultural Modernization , 33(5):622-627. (in Chinese)
[22]	孟兆江. 调亏灌溉对作物产量形成和品质性状及水分利用效率的影响[D]. 南京:南京农业大学博士专业论文, 2008.MENG Zhao-jiang. (2008). Effecs of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on formation of Grain Yield and Grain Quality Traits and Water Use Efficiency in Crops [D]. PhD Thesis. Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing. (in Chinese)
[23]	韩焕勇, 王方永, 陈兵,等. 不同种植密度下棉花叶面积指数与群体透光率的关系研究[J]. 中国棉花, 2014, 41(7):14-16.HAN Huang-yong, WANG Fan-yong, CHEN Bin, et al. (2014). Study on Cotton Leaf Area Index and Transmittanca Application of Different Planting Density [J]. China Cotton , 41(7):14-16. (in Chinese)
[24]	冯佰利, 高小丽, 王长发,等. 干旱条件下不同温型小麦叶片衰老与活性氧代谢特性的研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2005, 13(4):74-76. FENG Bai-li, GAO Xiao-li, WANG Chang-fa, et al. (2005). Leaf senescence and active oxygen metabolism of different-type wheat under drought [J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture , 13(4):74-76. (in Chinese)
[25]	俞世雄, 李芬, 李绍林,等. 水分胁迫对小麦新品系叶绿素含量的影响[J]. 云南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 29(3):353-358.YU Shi-xiong, LI Feng, LI Shao-ling, et al. (2014). Effects of Water Stress on Chlorophyll Contents of New Wheat Lines [J]. Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University , 29(3):353-358. (in Chinese)
[26]	黄承建, 赵思毅, 王龙昌,等. 干旱胁迫对苎麻叶绿素含量的影响[J]. 中国麻业科学, 2012, 34(5):208-212.HUANG Chen-jiang, ZHAO Si-yi, WANG Long-chang, et al. (2012). Effect of Drought Stress on Chlorophyll Contents in Ramie [J]. Plant Fiber Sciences in China , 34(5):208-212. (in Chinese)
[27]	张明生, 谢波, 谈锋, 等. 甘薯可溶性蛋白、叶绿素b及ATP含量变化与品种抗旱性关系的研究[J]. 中国农业科学,2003, 36(1): 13-16.ZHANG Ming-sheng, XIE Bo, TAN Feng, et al. (2003). Relationship Among Soluble Protein,Chlorophyll and ATP in Sweet potato Under Water Stress with Drought Resistance [J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica , 36(1): 13-16. (in Chinese)
[28]	赵天宏, 沈秀瑛, 杨德光, 等. 水分胁迫及复水对玉米叶片叶绿素含量和光合作用的影响[J]. 杂粮作物, 2003, 23(1): 33-35.ZHAO Tian-hong, SHEN Xiu-ying, YANG De-guang, et al. (2003). Effects on Chlorophyll Content and Photosynthetic Rate of Maize Leaves under Water Stress and Rewatering [J]. Rain Fed Crops , 23(1): 33-35. (in Chinese)
[29]	许洁, 曲东, 周莉娜. 硫营养对锌和干旱胁迫下玉米叶片中叶绿素含量的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2008, 26(2):33-37.XU Jie, QU Dong, ZHOU Li-na. (2008). Effects of sulfur nutrition on the chlorophyll content of maize leaf under Zinc and drought stress [J]. Arid Zone Research , 26(2):33-37. (in Chinese)
[30]	Fridovich, I. (1978). The biology of oxygen radicals. Science, 201(4359):875-880.