光照对天山花楸幼苗生长和光合特征的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.018

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (5): 1208-1218.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.018

• 园艺特产·农产品加工工程 • 上一篇下一篇

光照对天山花楸幼苗生长和光合特征的影响

陈兵权¹(), 陈虹¹(), 赵善超², 郭来珍¹, 赵鑫¹, 陈俊杰¹, 韩珏¹

1.新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆林业与草原局天然林保护中心,乌鲁木齐 830000

收稿日期:2024-10-15 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-07-09
通信作者: 陈虹(1981-),女,四川人,教授,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为森林培育、经济林栽培与生理,(E-mail)ch333999@126.com
作者简介:陈兵权(1998-),男,安徽人,硕士研究生,研究方向为森林培育,(E-mail)chen834670681@163.com
基金资助:
2021新疆维吾尔自治区“天山英才”计划(第三期);新疆维吾尔自治区林业与草原局天然林资源保护修复项目(XJTB20201104);新疆农业大学大学生创新项目

Effects of light on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Sorbus tianschanica Rupr. Seedlings

CHEN Bingquan¹(), CHEN Hong¹(), ZHAO Shanchao², GUO Laizhen¹, ZHAO Xin¹, CHEN Junjie¹, HAN Jue¹

1. College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Natural Forest Conservation Center of Xinjiang Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Urumqi 830000, China

Received:2024-10-15 Published:2025-05-20 Online:2025-07-09
Supported by:
2021 “Tianshan Talent” Plan of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Phase III);Natural Forest Resources Conservation and Restoration Project of Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(XJTB20201104);Xinjiang Agricultural University Student Innovation Project

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】分析不同光照强度下天山花楸幼苗叶片气孔特征及光合生理变化,探讨天山花楸对光照强度的适应,为天山花楸的保育及驯化引种提供参考。【方法】以天山花楸二年生幼苗为材料,通过不同针数遮阳网设置4个光照梯度处理(L₁:50%、L₂:30%、L₃:10%和CK:100%),进行盆栽试验,分析不同光照强度下天山花楸幼苗的生长、叶片气孔特性、光合荧光参数及叶绿素含量的变化。【结果】天山花楸幼苗在L₂处理下长势最好,其苗高和地径最大。随着光照强度的减弱,天山花楸叶片的气孔密度逐渐增加且在不同处理间存在显著性差异(P<0.05),而叶片气孔的长度、宽度、周长、面积及开度在不同光照条件下变化不显著(P>0.05)。天山花楸幼苗叶片的Pn、Gs及Tr随着光照强度的减弱呈先上升后下降趋势,Ci呈逐渐上升趋势;L₂处理下,叶片的Pn最大,为17.07 μmol/(m²·s)。叶片Fv/Fm随光照强度减弱呈增加的趋势,各处理叶片的Fv/Fm显著高于CK处理(P<0.05);叶片ETR在L₂处理到达最高,且叶片的ETR在处理间均存在显著差异(P<0.05);叶片的ФPSⅡ表现为L₁>L₂>CK>L₃。叶片的Chl a、Chl b、Chl t和Car含量均随着光照强度减弱而增大,Chl a/b随着光照强度减弱而减小。叶片的光照强度与Pn、Tr呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),Fv/Fm与ETR、Chl a、Chl b和Chl t含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。【结论】L₂处理(光照强度为30%)的光照强度具有促进天山花楸幼苗光合作用和生长潜力,天山花楸提高苗木质量和引种栽培应适度遮阴。

关键词: 光照强度; 天山花楸幼苗; 气孔特征; 光合作用; 叶绿素

Abstract:

【Objective】 To discuss the adaptation of S.tianschanica Rupr. to light intensity by analyzing the leaf stomata characteristics and photosynthetic physiological changes of Sorbus tianschanica Rupr. seedlings under different light intensity, in the hope of providing reference for the conservation and domestication of S.tianschanica Rupr. seedlings. 【Methods】 Two year seedlings of S.tianschanica Rupr. were used as materials, and four light gradients (L₁:50%, L₂:30%, L₃:10% and CK: 100%) were set up by sunshade nets with different number of needles to conduct pot experiments, and the changes of stomata characteristics, photosynthetic fluorescence parameters and chlorophyll content of S.tianschanica Rupr. seedlings under different light intensities were analyzed. 【Results】 The seedlings of S.tianschanica Rupr. had the best growth under L₂ treatment, and their seedling height and ground diameter were the largest. The results showed that with the decrease of light intensity, the stomatal density of S.tianschanica Rupr. leaves gradually increased and there were significant differences among different treatments (P < 0.05), but the changes of leaf stomatal length, width, perimeter, area and opening under different light conditions were not significant (P > 0.05). The Pn, Gs and Tr of S.tianschanica Rupr. seedlings increased first and then decreased with the decrease of light intensity, and Ci increased gradually. Under L₂ treatment, the Pn of the leaves was the highest, 17.07 μmol/(m²·s). The Fv/Fm of the leaves increased with the decrease of light intensity, and the Fv/Fm of the leaves under all treatments was significantly higher than that under CK treatment (P < 0.05). The ETR of leaves reached the highest level in L₂ treatment, and there were significant differences in ETR of leaves between treatments (P < 0.05). The diameter of ФPSⅡ of the leaves was L₁ > L₂ > CK > L₃. The contents of Chl a, Chl b, Chl t and Car increased with the decrease of light intensity, and Chl a/b decreased with the decrease of light intensity. Light intensity was positively correlated with Pn and Tr (P < 0.01), and Fv/Fm was positively correlated with ETR, Chl a, Chl b and Chl t contents (P < 0.01). 【Conclusion】 The results show that the light intensity of L₂ treatment (light intensity of 30%) has more potential to promote photosynthesis and growth of S.tianschanica Rupr. seedlings. moderate shading should be carried out to improve the quality of seedlings and introduce and cultivate them.

Key words: light intensity; Sorbus tianschanica Rupr. seedlings; stomatal characteristics; photosynthesis; chlorophyll fluorescence

中图分类号:

S791.18

陈兵权, 陈虹, 赵善超, 郭来珍, 赵鑫, 陈俊杰, 韩珏. 光照对天山花楸幼苗生长和光合特征的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(5): 1208-1218.

CHEN Bingquan, CHEN Hong, ZHAO Shanchao, GUO Laizhen, ZHAO Xin, CHEN Junjie, HAN Jue. Effects of light on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Sorbus tianschanica Rupr. Seedlings[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(5): 1208-1218.

图/表 7

图1 不同光照强度下天山花楸幼苗生长的变化

Fig.1 Changes of different light intensity on seedling growth of S.tianschanica Rupr

表1 不同光照条件下天山花楸叶片气孔特征的变化

Tab.1 Changes of different light conditions on stomatal characteristics of leaves of S.tianschanica Rupr.

处理 Treatments	气孔密度 Stomatal density (个/mm²)	长 Length (μm)	宽 Width (μm)	面积 Square (μm²)	周长 Circumference (μm)	开度 Aperture (μm)
CK	15.9±0.85^c	27.7±0.73^a	18.9±0.40^a	421.8±16.3^a	75.2±1.51^a	8.0±0.29^a
L₁	17.8±0.78^bc	29.4±0.86^a	19.19±0.65^a	457.8±24.01^a	78.6±2.10^a	8.8±0.27^a
L₂	19.6±0.74^b	27.9±0.89^a	18.84±0.58^a	429.4±25.28^a	75.6±2.25^a	8.0±0.40^a
L₃	22.7±1.57^a	26.4±1.06^a	18.68±0.40^a	405.9±11.66^a	73.9±1.06^a	8.8±0.34^a

图2 不同光照强度下天山花楸叶片气孔特征的变化注:A.CK处理的叶片气孔特征(×400);B.L1处理的叶片气孔特征(×400);C.L2处理的叶片气孔特征(×400);D.L3处理的叶片气孔特征(×400)

Fig.2 Changes of different light conditions on stomatal characteristics of leaves of S.tianschanica Rupr. Notes: A.Stomatal characteristics of CK treated leaves (×400); B.Stomatal characteristics of L1 treated leaves (×400); C.Stomatal characteristics of L2 treated leaves (×400);D.Stomatal characteristics of L3 treated leaves (×400)

表2 不同光照强度下天山花楸幼苗光合色素含量的变化

Tab.2 Changes of different light intensities on photosynthetic pigment content of S.tianschanica Rupr. seedlings

处理 Treatments	叶绿素a Chl a (mg/g)	叶绿素b Chl b (mg/g)	总叶绿素 Chl t (mg/g)	类胡萝卜素 Car(mg/g)	叶绿素a/b Chl a/b
CK	2.05±0.02^d	0.53±0.03^c	2.58±0.04^c	0.69±0.01^c	3.92±0.23^a
L₁	2.51±0.06^c	0.79±0.09^b	3.30±0.14^b	0.78±0.02^b	3.23±0.26^ab
L₂	3.09±0.08^a	1.15±0.10^a	4.25±0.15^a	0.89±0.01^a	2.72±0.24^b
L₃	2.86±0.08^b	1.02±0.06^ab	3.89±0.14^a	0.71±0.03^c	2.82±0.12^b

图3 不同光照强度下天山花楸幼苗叶片光合参数的变化注:A.各处理叶片的Pn;B.各处理叶片的Gs;C.各处理叶片的Tr;D.各处理叶片的Ci

Fig.3 Changes of different light intensity on photosynthetic parameters of S.tianschanica Rupr. Seedlings Notes: A. Pn of each treatment blade; B. Gs of each treatment blade; C. Tr of each treatment blade; D. Ci of each treatment leaf

表3 不同光照强度下天山花楸幼苗叶片叶绿素荧光参数的变化

Tab.3 Changes of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of S.tianschanica Rupr. seedlings under different light intensities

处理 Treatments	PSⅡ的最大光合效率 (Fv/Fm)	PSⅡ的相对电子传递速率 (ETR)	PSⅡ的实际光合效率 (ФPSⅡ)	光化学猝灭系数 (qP)	非光化学猝灭系数 (qPN)	非光化学猝灭 (NPQ)
CK	0.75±0.22^b	1.64±0.14^c	0.40±0.02^ab	0.74±0.03^a	0.26±0.02^b	1.87±0.22^a
L₁	0.80±0.01^a	2.62±0.09^b	0.45±0.02^a	0.71±0.05^ab	0.36±0.04^a	1.43±0.23^b
L₂	0.80±0.01^a	3.48±0.06^a	0.41±0.01^ab	0.72±0.01^ab	0.26±0.02^b	1.59±0.17^b
L₃	0.81±0.01^a	2.75±0.12^b	0.35±0.02^b	0.64±0.02^b	0.30±0.03^ab	1.52±0.29^b

图4 不同光照强度下天山花楸幼苗各项指标的相关性

Fig.4 Correlation analysis of various indexes of S.tianschanica Rupr.seedlings under different light intensitie

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光照对天山花楸幼苗生长和光合特征的影响

Effects of light on growth and photosynthetic characteristics of Sorbus tianschanica Rupr. Seedlings

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