设施蔬菜LED补光技术研究进展

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.11.025

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (11): 2835-2843.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.11.025

设施蔬菜LED补光技术研究进展

马艳(), 肖林刚, 喻晨, 郭兆峰, 邹平(), 曹新伟()

新疆农业科学院农业机械化研究所/新疆设施农业智能管控技术重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2024-05-17 出版日期:2024-11-20 发布日期:2025-01-08
通信作者: 曹新伟(1982-),男,湖南人,高级工程师,硕士,研究方向设施农业工程技术与装备,(E-mail)caoxinwei@sohu.com；
邹平(1977-),男,江西人,正高级工程师,硕士,研究方向设施农业工程技术,(E-mail)75066472@qq.com
作者简介:马艳(1987-),女,新疆人,高级农艺师,硕士,研究方向设施蔬菜栽培生理,(E-mail)455618932@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆少数民族科技人才特殊培养计划项目“设施番茄苗期LED自动补光工艺研究”(2019D03008);新疆维吾尔自治区公益性科研院所基本科研业务经费资助项目“南疆拱棚结构优化及高效栽培技术研究”(KY2021129);新疆农业科学院自主培育项目“设施农业生产技术数字化的研究应用”(nkyzzkj-025)

Research progress of LED light supplement technology of greenhouse vegetables

MA Yan(), XIAO Lingang, YU Chen, GUO Zhaofeng, ZOU Ping(), CAO Xinwei()

Institute of Agricultural Mechanization, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control Technology for Xinjiang Facility Agriculture, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2024-05-17 Published:2024-11-20 Online:2025-01-08
Supported by:
Special Training Project for Xinjiang Minority Science and Technology Talents "Study on the automatic LED Light Supplementation of tomato seedling in Greenhouse"(2019D03008);Funding Project of Basic Scientific Research Business of Public Welfare Scientific Research Institutes in Autonomous Region"Research on structural optimization and efficient cultivation technology of arch shed in southern Xinjiang"(KY2021129);Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences independent cultivation project "Research and application of digitization of production technology in facility agriculture"(nkyzzkj-025)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】汇总分析国内外蔬菜LED补光技术研究现状和进展,为LED补光技术在我国设施蔬菜高效生产中的应用提供理论依据。【方法】收集查阅国内外文献资料,整理汇总并进行分析。【结果】LED光源是设施农业生产的理想光源,适宜的光配方(光质、光照强度、光照时间以及日累计光照量)可显著提升设施蔬菜幼苗干物质量和壮苗指数。长季节栽培顶部和株间补光可改善冠层光分布,增强植株整体光合作用。通过将补光方式与栽培环境参数相结合进行光环境动态精准调控实现设施蔬菜绿色优质高效生产有效途径。【结论】人工补光是改善温室光照环境、解决冬季设施蔬菜生产弱光和光照时间不足等不利光因素的有效方式,优化光配方与蔬菜品种和栽培环境,可综合提升设施蔬菜生产效能。

关键词: 设施蔬菜; LED补光; 光质; 光照强度; 光周期

Abstract:

【Objective】 To summarize and analyze the research status and progress of LED supplementation technology for vegetables at home and abroad in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for the application of LED fill light technology in the efficient production of facility vegetables in China.【Methods】 Related literature in domestic and foreign were collected, and meanwhile, these literature were sorted and analyzed.【Results】 LED light source was an ideal light source for facility agricultural production, appropriate light formula (light quality, light intensity and light duration and cumulative daily light amount) could significantly improve the dry matter quality and strong seedlings index of vegetables seedling.Light supplementation at the top and between plants could improve the canopy light distribution and enhance the overall photoeynthesis of plants in long season cultivation.It was an effective way to accurately control the dynamic light environment by combining the light filling method with the cultivation environment parameters to achieve green, high quality and efficient production of facility vegetables.【Conclusion】 Artificial light supplementation is an effective way to improve the greenhouse light environment and solve the unfavorable light factors such as weak light and insufficient light time in winter vegetable production.Through the combination of light formula, vegetable varieties and cultivation environment optimization, the production efficiency of vegetable facilities can be comprehensively improved.

Key words: greenhouse vegetables; LED light supplement; light quality; light intensity; photoperiod

中图分类号:

S626.5

马艳, 肖林刚, 喻晨, 郭兆峰, 邹平, 曹新伟. 设施蔬菜LED补光技术研究进展[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(11): 2835-2843.

MA Yan, XIAO Lingang, YU Chen, GUO Zhaofeng, ZOU Ping, CAO Xinwei. Research progress of LED light supplement technology of greenhouse vegetables[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(11): 2835-2843.

图/表 4

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补光光源 Light sources	发光原理 Luminous theory	填充气体 Filling gas	光谱范围 Spectral range	使用寿命 Working life-span
白炽灯 Incandescent lamb	热辐射,电能将灯丝加热至白炽化而发光^[18]	-	90%红外线,可见光不到10%^[19]	发光效率低,750~1 000 h
荧光灯 Fluorescent lamp	热阴极弧光放电,低气压的汞蒸气通电后释放紫外线,使荧光粉发出可见光^[19]	汞蒸气	远红光较多	是白炽灯的2倍,约为20.5%,不低于12 000 h
高压钠灯^[20-21] Hign pressure sodium lamp	电弧管两端电极产生电弧,电弧的高温作用使得管内汞、钠受热气化,正负电子运动碰撞放电物质原子,此过程产生的多余热量产生了光^[16]	钠蒸汽、汞蒸气、氨^[19]	红橙光(39%~40%)、黄、绿光(51%~34%)以及小部分蓝、紫光(9%)	12 000~24 000 h,热光源,发光效率高,穿透力强,与作物保持相对距离
金属卤化物灯 Metal halide lamp	汞和稀有金属卤化物混合蒸汽产生电弧放电发光^[17]	碘化钠、碘化铊、碘化铟	较多远红光	500~20 000 h,发热量大,不能与作物近距离照射
LED^[22] Light emitting diode	P型半导体和N型半导体组成的晶片,在两者之间形成P-N结^[23]。		波长可调,各单色光可以按需求组合^[22]	50 000 h以上,冷光源,可靠近植物照射,安全性高

补光光源 Light sources	发光原理 Luminous theory	填充气体 Filling gas	光谱范围 Spectral range	使用寿命 Working life-span
白炽灯 Incandescent lamb	热辐射,电能将灯丝加热至白炽化而发光^[18]	-	90%红外线,可见光不到10%^[19]	发光效率低,750~1 000 h
荧光灯 Fluorescent lamp	热阴极弧光放电,低气压的汞蒸气通电后释放紫外线,使荧光粉发出可见光^[19]	汞蒸气	远红光较多	是白炽灯的2倍,约为20.5%,不低于12 000 h
高压钠灯^[20-21] Hign pressure sodium lamp	电弧管两端电极产生电弧,电弧的高温作用使得管内汞、钠受热气化,正负电子运动碰撞放电物质原子,此过程产生的多余热量产生了光^[16]	钠蒸汽、汞蒸气、氨^[19]	红橙光(39%~40%)、黄、绿光(51%~34%)以及小部分蓝、紫光(9%)	12 000~24 000 h,热光源,发光效率高,穿透力强,与作物保持相对距离
金属卤化物灯 Metal halide lamp	汞和稀有金属卤化物混合蒸汽产生电弧放电发光^[17]	碘化钠、碘化铊、碘化铟	较多远红光	500~20 000 h,发热量大,不能与作物近距离照射
LED^[22] Light emitting diode	P型半导体和N型半导体组成的晶片,在两者之间形成P-N结^[23]。		波长可调,各单色光可以按需求组合^[22]	50 000 h以上,冷光源,可靠近植物照射,安全性高

设施蔬菜LED补光技术研究进展

Research progress of LED light supplement technology of greenhouse vegetables

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