不同灌溉频次对陆地棉生长指标和产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探寻新疆南疆棉花膜下滴灌最优的灌溉频次。【方法】以新陆中54号为供试棉花品种,设置大田试验,设置2 d/次(D₂)、4 d/次(D₄)、6 d/次(D₆)、8 d/次(D₈)4个不同灌溉频次处理,并以常规灌溉(CK)作为对照处理,研究棉花生长指标、产量构成及水分利用效率等对不同灌溉频次的响应,最终采用客观分析熵权法,优选适于新疆南疆膜下滴灌的灌溉频次。【结果】增加灌水次数可以促进棉花的株高、茎粗和生物量的增长,并在吐絮期达到最大值,D₂较CK处理分别显著增加了9.53%、20.83%和32.03%(P<0.05);随着灌溉频次的增加,棉花的单株结铃数和产量逐渐增大,D₂处理最高,分别达到9.21个、7 546.35 kg/hm²,但耗水量也最大,为477.80 mm,D₄处理的水分利用效率最高,为1.59 kg/m³;D₂处理评价结果最高。【结论】新疆南疆砂壤土膜下滴灌棉田,在生育期灌溉定额为3 750 m³/hm²时,整个生育期灌水40次,灌水周期2 d最优。

关键词: 棉花; 膜下滴灌; 灌溉频次; 产量; 水分利用效率; 熵权法

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the optimal irrigation frequency for cotton under film drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】 This experiment used Xin luzhong 54 as the experimental cotton. Through field experiments, four different irrigation frequency treatments were set up: 2 d/time (D₂), 4 d/time (D₄), 6 d/time (D₆), and 8 d/time (D₈). The conventional irrigation (CK) of farmers was used as a control treatment to study the response of cotton growth indicators, yield composition, and water use efficiency to different irrigation frequencies. Finally, the objective analysis entropy weight method was used to optimize the irrigation frequency suitable for subsurface drip irrigation in southern Xinjiang.【Results】 Increasing irrigation frequency could promote the growth of cotton plant height, stem diameter, and biomass, and reach the maximum value during the opening period. D₂ treatment significantly increased by 9.53%, 20.83%, and 32.03% compared to CK treatment (P<0.05); with the increase of irrigation frequency, the number of bolls per plant and yield of cotton gradually increased. The D₂ treatment produced the highest number, reaching 9.21 and 7,546.35 kg/hm² respectively, but the water consumption was also the highest, at 477.80 mm. The D₄ treatment had the highest water use efficiency, at 1.59 kg/m³; The entropy weight results showed that D₂ treatment had the highest evaluation result. 【Conclusion】 The experimental results show that under the film drip irrigation of sandy loam soil in southern Xinjiang, when the irrigation quota during the growth period is 3,750 m³/hm², the entire growth period is irrigated 40 times, and the optimal irrigation cycle is 2 days.

Key words: cotton; underfilm drip irrigation; irrigation frequency; yield; water use efficiency; entropy weight method

中图分类号:

S562

张梦珂, 林丽, 林豪, 惠瑞晗, 杨可攀. 不同灌溉频次对陆地棉生长指标和产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(5): 1064-1074.

ZHANG Mengke, LIN Li, LIN Hao, HUI Ruihan, YANG Kepan. The effect of different irrigation frequencies on the growth indicators and yield of upland cotton[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(5): 1064-1074.

图/表 11

参考文献 36

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深度 Depth (cm)	颗粒含量百分数 Particle content percentage(%)				土壤质地 Soil texture
深度 Depth (cm)	<0.002 mm	0.02~0.002 mm	0.2~0.02 mm	2~0.02 mm	土壤质地 Soil texture
0~10	8.8	34.8	55.7	0.7	砂质壤土
10~20	10.8	32.6	56.2	0.4	砂质壤土
20~30	9.4	30.6	59.4	0.6	砂质壤土
30~40	8.8	23.6	66.6	1.0	砂质壤土
40~50	8.4	66.7	24.4	0.5	粉(砂)质壤土
50~60	8.4	33.1	58.2	0.3	砂质壤土

深度 Depth (cm)	颗粒含量百分数 Particle content percentage(%)				土壤质地 Soil texture
深度 Depth (cm)	<0.002 mm	0.02~0.002 mm	0.2~0.02 mm	2~0.02 mm	土壤质地 Soil texture
0~10	8.8	34.8	55.7	0.7	砂质壤土
10~20	10.8	32.6	56.2	0.4	砂质壤土
20~30	9.4	30.6	59.4	0.6	砂质壤土
30~40	8.8	23.6	66.6	1.0	砂质壤土
40~50	8.4	66.7	24.4	0.5	粉(砂)质壤土
50~60	8.4	33.1	58.2	0.3	砂质壤土

取样深度 Sampling depth (cm)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	全氮 Total Nitrogen (g/kg)	水解性氮 Hydrolyzable Nitrogen (mg/kg)	有效磷 Available Phosphorus (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K (mg/kg)	水溶性盐分 Water soluble salts (g/kg)
0~10	8.34	0.41	27.15	38.35	103	1.6
10~20	9.91	0.53	69.75	71.35	135	2.4
20~30	9.11	0.46	56.2	55.45	152	2
30~40	5.67	0.33	27.15	28.05	102.5	1.7
40~50	6.33	0.34	21.85	10.8	80	1.45
50~60	5.55	0.28	26.75	41.7	62.5	2.2

取样深度 Sampling depth (cm)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	全氮 Total Nitrogen (g/kg)	水解性氮 Hydrolyzable Nitrogen (mg/kg)	有效磷 Available Phosphorus (mg/kg)	速效钾 Available K (mg/kg)	水溶性盐分 Water soluble salts (g/kg)
0~10	8.34	0.41	27.15	38.35	103	1.6
10~20	9.91	0.53	69.75	71.35	135	2.4
20~30	9.11	0.46	56.2	55.45	152	2
30~40	5.67	0.33	27.15	28.05	102.5	1.7
40~50	6.33	0.34	21.85	10.8	80	1.45
50~60	5.55	0.28	26.75	41.7	62.5	2.2

处理 Treatments	方程 Equation	V_m (g/d)	t₀ d	t₁ d	t₂ d	Δt d	单株最大积累量 Maximum accumulation (g/株)	R²
D₂	y=122.42/(1+189.33e^-0^.⁰⁴¹^x)	1.25	128	96	160	64	122.42	0.987 1
D₄	y=121.16/(1+196.33e^-0^.⁰⁴²^x)	1.27	126	94	157	63	121.16	0.993 4
D₆	y=98.58/(1+608.34e^-0^.⁰⁵³^x)	1.31	121	96	146	50	98.58	0.9912
D₈	y=91.64/(1+846.91e^-0^.⁰⁵⁸^x)	1.36	112	94	139	45	91.64	0.9937
CK	y=91.09/(1+851.27e^-0^.⁰⁶⁰^x)	1.37	112	90	134	44	91.09	0.9912