不同用量滴灌水与缩节胺协同打顶对新疆机采棉群体结构产量品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究滴灌-化控协同管理对棉花生长发育的调控效应,为进一步提高植棉效益的植棉管理措施提供参考。【方法】以机采棉新品种惠远720为材料,采用双因素裂区试验设计,将滴水量处理设置为主区,设置6 000 m³/hm²(W₁)、4 500 m³/hm²(W₂)和3 000 m³/hm²(W₃)3个水平;将打顶期(7月4日)的缩节胺(DPC)剂量设置为副区,设置90 g/hm²(D₁)、180 g/hm²(D₂)和270 g/hm²(D₃)3个水平,并设置人工打顶作为对照CK。测定各处理冠层结构、干物质积累及产量品质等指标。【结果】(1)W₁、W₂处理整株叶面积指数增长量相较W₃处理显著高出32.42%、18.96%;W₃CK处理冠层开度相较W₁CK和W₂CK处理显著高出47.83%和17.24%;透光率会随着滴水量的减少,缩节胺剂量的增加而提高;反射率随着滴水量的减少,缩节胺剂量的增加而减小。(2)总干物质积累表现为W₁>W₂>W₃;D₁>D₂>D₃>CK。W₃CK、W₂D₂处理的生殖器官干物质占比表现出较高水平,显著高出W₁D₁处理16.67%、9.52%。W₂D₂处理的籽棉产量、皮棉产量均表现出较高水平。【结论】4 500 m³/hm²的滴水量,并使用180 g/hm²的缩节胺化控,能保证棉花产量及品质,同时有效降低种植成本。

关键词: 棉花; 缩节胺; 冠层结构; 产量构成; 纤维品质; 植棉成本

Abstract:

【Objective】 To explore the regulation effect of drip irrigation-chemical control collaborative management on cotton and the cotton planting management measures to further improve the efficiency of cotton planting. 【Methods】 The new machine-picked cotton variety Huiyuan 720 was used as the test material, and the two-factor split-plot design was adopted. The drip treatment was set as the main area, and three levels of 6,000 m³/hm² ( W₁ ), 4,500 m³/hm² ( W₂ ) and 3,000 m³/hm² ( W₃ ) were set. The dose of mepiquat chloride (DPC) in the topping stage ( July 4 ) was set as the sub-area, and 90 g/hm² ( D₁ ) was set. 180 g/hm² (D₂) ; 270 g/hm² (D₃), and artificial topping as control CK. Then the canopy structure, dry matter accumulation, yield and quality of each treatment were measured. 【Results】 (1) The increase of leaf area index of whole plant in W₁ and W₂ treatments was significantly higher than that in W₃ treatment by 32.42% and 18.96%. The canopy openness in W₃CK treatment was significantly higher than those in W₁CK and W₂CK treatments by 47.83% and 17.24%. Light transmittance increased with decreasing drip water and increasing DPC dose. Reflectivity decreased with decreasing drip water and increasing DPC dose. (2) The total dry matter accumulation exhibited the sequence W₁>W₂>W₃; D₁>D₂>D₃>CK. The proportion of dry matter in reproductive organs in W₃CK, W₂D₂ treatments was significantly higher than that in W₁D₁ treatment by 16.67% and 9.52%. The seed cotton yield and lint yield of W₂D₂ treatment were notably high. 【Conclusion】 In summary, under the experimental conditions, employing a drip volume of 4,500 m³/hm² alongside 180 g/hm² of DPC proves effective in reducing planting costs while also regulating the accumulation and distribution of dry matter.

Key words: cotton; mepiquat chloride; canopy structure; yield components; fibre quality; cotton planting cost

中图分类号:

S562

廖兴洋, 王方永, 傅积海, 陈伟明, 韩焕勇. 不同用量滴灌水与缩节胺协同打顶对新疆机采棉群体结构产量品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(5): 1051-1063.

LIAO Xingyang, WANG Fangyong, FU Jihai, CHEN Weiming, HAN Huanyong. Effects of different amounts of drip irrigation water and DPC on population structure, yield, quality and production cost of machine-picked cotton in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(5): 1051-1063.

图/表 11

参考文献 41

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项目 Items		日期Date(M/D)										总量 Total
项目 Items		5/27	6/13	6/24	7/02	7/10	7/18	7/28	8/04	8/13	8/24	总量 Total
水量 Water (m³/hm²)	W₁	720	300	720	720	720	720	720	600	480	300	6 000
	W₂	540	225	540	540	540	540	540	450	360	225	4 500
	W₃	360	150	360	360	360	360	360	300	240	150	3 000
肥料 Fertilizer (kg/hm²)	尿素	15	15	20	80	90	120	120	45	30	15	550
肥料 Fertilizer (kg/hm²)	磷酸钾铵	10	10	15	75	75	100	100	45	30	15	475

项目 Items		日期Date(M/D)										总量 Total
项目 Items		5/27	6/13	6/24	7/02	7/10	7/18	7/28	8/04	8/13	8/24	总量 Total
水量 Water (m³/hm²)	W₁	720	300	720	720	720	720	720	600	480	300	6 000
	W₂	540	225	540	540	540	540	540	450	360	225	4 500
	W₃	360	150	360	360	360	360	360	300	240	150	3 000
肥料 Fertilizer (kg/hm²)	尿素	15	15	20	80	90	120	120	45	30	15	550
肥料 Fertilizer (kg/hm²)	磷酸钾铵	10	10	15	75	75	100	100	45	30	15	475

滴水量 Dripping Amount	缩节胺剂量 Dosage of DPC		打顶后0 d 0 d after topping						打顶后12 d 12 d after topping						打顶后24 d 24 d after topping						打顶后36 d 36 d after topping
滴水量 Dripping Amount	缩节胺剂量 Dosage of DPC		下部叶面积指数 Lower LAI		中部叶面积指数 Middle LAI		上部叶面积指数 Upper LAI		下部叶面积指数 Lower LAI		中部叶面积指数 Middle LAI		上部叶面积指数 Upper LAI		下部叶面积指数 Lower LAI		中部叶面积指数 Middle LAI		上部叶面积指数 Upper LAI		下部叶面积指数 Lower LAI		中部叶面积指数 Middle LAI		上部叶面积指数 Upper LAI
W₁	D₁		0.74^a		1.52^a		0.92^a		0.79^a		1.66^a		1.18^a		0.93^a		1.99^a		1.66^a		1.47^a		1.92^a		1.57^a
	D₂		0.72^a		1.56^a		0.89^a		0.75^a		1.62^a		1.12^a		0.93^a		1.81^a		1.63^a		1.31^c		1.85^a		1.36^b
	D₃		0.79^a		1.52^a		0.91^a		0.73^ab		1.62^a		1.05^b		0.99^a		1.73^b		1.60^a		1.34^bc		1.81^ab		1.30^b
	CK		0.71^a		1.52^a		0.90^a		0.77^a		1.61^a		0.95^c		0.97^a		1.61^b		1.33^c		1.51^a		1.87^a		0.95^cd
W₂	D₁		0.63^b		1.36^b		0.73^b		0.76^a		1.53^b		1.03^b		0.79^b		1.82^a		1.64^a		1.29^b		1.89^a		1.18^c
	D₂		0.57^c		1.35^b		0.75^b		0.73^ab		1.51^b		0.93^c		0.78^b		1.78^ab		1.55^b		1.22^bc		1.71^b		1.17^c
	D₃		0.54^c		1.34^b		0.77^b		0.69^b		1.5^b		0.85^d		0.81^b		1.77^a		1.52^b		1.30^c		1.76^b		1.10^c
	CK		0.59^bc		1.34^b		0.79^b		0.75^a		1.46^b		0.83^d		0.70^bc		1.47^c		1.18^d		1.42^b		1.58^c		0.83^d
W₃	D₁		0.64^b		1.24^c		0.56^c		0.68^bc		1.38^c		0.80^de		0.62^c		1.70^ab		1.30^c		1.13^c		1.67^bc		0.94^cd
	D₂		0.58^c		1.24^c		0.59^c		0.64^bc		1.31^c		0.74^e		0.67^c		1.67^b		1.26^c		1.18^c		1.66^bc		0.87^cd
	D₃		0.53^c		1.24^c		0.58^c		0.62^c		1.3^c		0.72^e		0.66^c		1.61^b		1.19^d		1.19^c		1.60^c		0.81^d
	CK		0.60^bc		1.25^c		0.55^c		0.69^b		1.3^c		0.71^e		0.65^c		1.30^c		1.01^e		1.19^c		1.41^d		0.71^d
滴水量 Dripping Amount		**		**		**		**		**		**		**		**		**		**		**		**
缩节胺剂量 Dosage of DPC		ns		ns		ns		ns		ns		*		ns		ns		*		ns		ns		*
滴水量×缩节胺剂量 Dripping Amount× Dosage of DPC		ns		ns		ns		ns		ns		*		ns		ns		*		ns		ns		*

滴水量 Dripping Amount	缩节胺剂量 Dosage of DPC		打顶后0 d 0 d after topping						打顶后12 d 12 d after topping						打顶后24 d 24 d after topping						打顶后36 d 36 d after topping
滴水量 Dripping Amount	缩节胺剂量 Dosage of DPC		下部叶面积指数 Lower LAI		中部叶面积指数 Middle LAI		上部叶面积指数 Upper LAI		下部叶面积指数 Lower LAI		中部叶面积指数 Middle LAI		上部叶面积指数 Upper LAI		下部叶面积指数 Lower LAI		中部叶面积指数 Middle LAI		上部叶面积指数 Upper LAI		下部叶面积指数 Lower LAI		中部叶面积指数 Middle LAI		上部叶面积指数 Upper LAI
W₁	D₁		0.74^a		1.52^a		0.92^a		0.79^a		1.66^a		1.18^a		0.93^a		1.99^a		1.66^a		1.47^a		1.92^a		1.57^a
	D₂		0.72^a		1.56^a		0.89^a		0.75^a		1.62^a		1.12^a		0.93^a		1.81^a		1.63^a		1.31^c		1.85^a		1.36^b
	D₃		0.79^a		1.52^a		0.91^a		0.73^ab		1.62^a		1.05^b		0.99^a		1.73^b		1.60^a		1.34^bc		1.81^ab		1.30^b
	CK		0.71^a		1.52^a		0.90^a		0.77^a		1.61^a		0.95^c		0.97^a		1.61^b		1.33^c		1.51^a		1.87^a		0.95^cd
W₂	D₁		0.63^b		1.36^b		0.73^b		0.76^a		1.53^b		1.03^b		0.79^b		1.82^a		1.64^a		1.29^b		1.89^a		1.18^c
	D₂		0.57^c		1.35^b		0.75^b		0.73^ab		1.51^b		0.93^c		0.78^b		1.78^ab		1.55^b		1.22^bc		1.71^b		1.17^c
	D₃		0.54^c		1.34^b		0.77^b		0.69^b		1.5^b		0.85^d		0.81^b		1.77^a		1.52^b		1.30^c		1.76^b		1.10^c
	CK		0.59^bc		1.34^b		0.79^b		0.75^a		1.46^b		0.83^d		0.70^bc		1.47^c		1.18^d		1.42^b		1.58^c		0.83^d
W₃	D₁		0.64^b		1.24^c		0.56^c		0.68^bc		1.38^c		0.80^de		0.62^c		1.70^ab		1.30^c		1.13^c		1.67^bc		0.94^cd
	D₂		0.58^c		1.24^c		0.59^c		0.64^bc		1.31^c		0.74^e		0.67^c		1.67^b		1.26^c		1.18^c		1.66^bc		0.87^cd
	D₃		0.53^c		1.24^c		0.58^c		0.62^c		1.3^c		0.72^e		0.66^c		1.61^b		1.19^d		1.19^c		1.60^c		0.81^d
	CK		0.60^bc		1.25^c		0.55^c		0.69^b		1.3^c		0.71^e		0.65^c		1.30^c		1.01^e		1.19^c		1.41^d		0.71^d
滴水量 Dripping Amount		**		**		**		**		**		**		**		**		**		**		**		**
缩节胺剂量 Dosage of DPC		ns		ns		ns		ns		ns		*		ns		ns		*		ns		ns		*
滴水量×缩节胺剂量 Dripping Amount× Dosage of DPC		ns		ns		ns		ns		ns		*		ns		ns		*		ns		ns		*

滴水量 Dripping Amount	缩节胺剂量 Dosage of DPC		打顶后0 d 0 d after topping						打顶后12 d 12 d after topping						打顶后24 d 24 d after topping						打顶后36 d 36 d after topping
滴水量 Dripping Amount	缩节胺剂量 Dosage of DPC		下部冠层开度 Lower DIFN		中部冠层开度 Middle DIFN		上部冠层开度 Upper DIFN		下部冠层开度 Lower DIFN		中部冠层开度 Middle DIFN		上部冠层开度 Upper DIFN		下部冠层开度 Lower DIFN		中部冠层开度 Middle DIFN		上部冠层开度 Upper DIFN		下部冠层开度 Lower DIFN		中部冠层开度 Middle DIFN		上部冠层开度 Upper DIFN
W₁	D₁		0.14^c		0.26^c		0.37^c		0.07^c		0.11^e		0.23^e		0.01^b		0.10^cd		0.15^e		0.01^e		0.08^c		0.18^f
	D₂		0.14^c		0.27^c		0.36^c		0.09^bc		0.12^e		0.24^e		0.02^b		0.10^cd		0.18^d		0.02^de		0.09^bc		0.19^f
	D₃		0.13^c		0.25^c		0.34^c		0.09^bc		0.12^e		0.24^e		0.02^b		0.11^c		0.20^c		0.02^de		0.10^bc		0.24^d
	CK		0.13^c		0.27^c		0.35^c		0.10^b		0.16^d		0.28^d		0.02^b		0.12^c		0.22^c		0.02^de		0.08^c		0.23^de
W₂	D₁		0.17^b		0.31^b		0.45^b		0.10^b		0.17^cd		0.31^c		0.03^b		0.11^c		0.27^b		0.03^cd		0.10^bc		0.22^e
	D₂		0.16^b		0.32^b		0.45^b		0.10^b		0.16^d		0.32^bc		0.03^b		0.10^cd		0.26^b		0.03^cd		0.10^bc		0.24^d
	D₃		0.17^b		0.30^b		0.47^b		0.10^b		0.16^d		0.32^bc		0.02^b		0.08^d		0.27^b		0.03^cd		0.11^bc		0.25^d
	CK		0.17^b		0.31^b		0.46^b		0.10^b		0.19^c		0.33^bc		0.03^b		0.11^c		0.35^a		0.04^c		0.13^a		0.25^d
W₃	D₁		0.21^a		0.36^a		0.56^a		0.11^b		0.20^b		0.35^b		0.07^a		0.12^c		0.27^b		0.07^b		0.08^c		0.29^c
	D₂		0.21^a		0.35^a		0.54^a		0.12^ab		0.22^a		0.36^b		0.09^a		0.17^b		0.29^b		0.09^a		0.10^b		0.31^b
	D₃		0.20^a		0.37^a		0.55^a		0.12^ab		0.22^a		0.36^b		0.08^a		0.16^b		0.33^a		0.09^a		0.10^b		0.33^a
	CK		0.20^a		0.35^a		0.54^a		0.15^a		0.23^a		0.40^a		0.09^a		0.19^a		0.33^a		0.10^a		0.14^a		0.34^a
滴水量 Dripping Amount		**		**		**		**		**		**		**		**		**		**		**		**
缩节胺剂量 Dosage of DPC		ns		ns		ns		ns		ns		*		ns		ns		*		ns		ns		*
滴水量×缩节胺剂量 Dripping Amount× Dosage of DPC		ns		ns		ns		ns		ns		*		ns		ns		*		ns		ns		*