钾肥配施及用量对膜下滴灌棉花生长发育及产量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.004

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (5): 1075-1083.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.05.004

• 作物遗传育种·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

钾肥配施及用量对膜下滴灌棉花生长发育及产量的影响

穆光荣¹(), 李杰²^,³(), 古丽娜孜·居来提¹, 娄善伟², 帕尔哈提·买买提²^,³, 马腾飞², 张鹏忠²^,³, 吴湘林³, 张立祯²^,⁴, 巴特尔·巴克¹()

1.新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.国家棉花工程技术研究中心/新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院棉花研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.农业农村部西北绿洲农业环境重点实验室, 乌鲁木齐 830091
4.中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京 100083

收稿日期:2024-10-17 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-07-09
通信作者: 李杰(1988-),男,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为棉花栽培生理与水肥一体化,(E-mail)lj880902@126.com;
巴特尔·巴克(1973-),男,教授,博士,研究方向为干旱区气候变化与减灾管理,(E-mail)baturbake@xjau.edu.cn
作者简介:穆光荣(2000-),女,新疆伊犁人,硕士研究生,研究方向为棉花栽培生理与水肥一体化,(E-mail)guangrongmu@163.com
基金资助:
农业农村部西北绿洲农业环境重点实验室开放基金(XBLZ-20222);新疆“天山英才”培养计划(2023TSYCTD004)

Effects of potassium fertilizer rationing and dosage on the growth, development and yield of cotton under membrane drip irrigation

MU Guangrong¹(), LI Jie²^,³(), Gulnaz Jurat¹, LOU Shanwei², Parhat Mamat²^,³, MA Tengfei², ZHANG Pengzhong²^,³, WU Xianglin³, ZHANG Lizhen²^,⁴, Batur Bake¹()

1. College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. National Cotton Engineering and Technology Research Center/Cotton Research Institute, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
3. Key Laboratory of Desert Oasis Crop Physiological Ecology and Tillage, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Urumqi 830091, China
4. College of Resources and Environment, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2024-10-17 Published:2025-05-20 Online:2025-07-09
Supported by:
Open Fund for the Northwest Oasis Agro-Environment Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(XBLZ-20222);Xinjiang "Tianshan Talents" Training Program(2023TSYCTD004)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究钾肥配施和用量在棉花生产中的效果,分析适宜新疆膜下滴灌棉花生长的施钾水平。【方法】设置4个钾肥用量,即纯钾(K₂O)60、90、120和150 kg/hm²,分别以K₁、K₂、K₃和 K₄表示;设2种钾肥,即硫酸钾、硫酸钾+腐植酸钾(1∶1配比),分别以A和B表示,共计8个处理,不施钾肥CK为对照。【结果】各处理棉花株高在AK₄处理较大,但与BK₄无显著差异。茎粗在BK₄处理下达到最大,但与AK₃、AK₄和BK₃之间无显著差异;SPAD值各处理呈先增加后降低的趋势,结铃期中AK₄处理达到最大值,但与AK₃、BK₃和BK₄间无显著差异;干物质积累随生育期进程推进先缓慢增加后迅速增加,在盛铃期达到最大,各处理中BK₄处理的干物质积累最高,但与AK₃、AK₄和BK₃间无显著差异;花铃期胞间CO₂浓度、净光合速率随施肥量的增加而增加,蒸腾速率和气孔导度随施肥量的增加先降低后增加。2种钾肥处理籽棉产量均随施肥量的增加而增加,BK₄处理产量最高,但与AK₃、AK₄和BK₃间无显著差异。【结论】硫酸钾复配腐植酸钾处理优于单施硫酸钾处理,BK₃处理为最佳处理。

关键词: 钾肥; 棉花; 干物质; 光合; 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】 To investigate the effects of potash fertilizer distribution and dosage in cotton production and clarify the most suitable potassium application level for cotton growth under drip irrigation under membrane in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Four potash dosages were set, i.e., 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg/hm² of pure potassium (K₂O), which were expressed as K₁, K₂, K₃ and K₄, respectively; and two kinds of potash fertilizers, i.e., potassium sulphate and potassium sulphate+potassium humate (1:1 ratio), which were expressed as A and B, with eight treatments in total, and no potash fertilizers were applied to CK as the control. 【Results】 The experiment showed that plant height of cotton in all treatments was greater in AK₄ treatment, but not significantly different from BK₄. Stem thickness reached the maximum in BK₄ treatment, but there was no significant difference with AK₃, AK₄ and BK₃;SPAD value showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing in each treatment, and reached the maximum in AK₄ treatment in the boll stage, but there was no significant difference with AK₃, BK₃ and BK₄; Dry matter accumulation increased slowly and then rapidly with the progress of fertility, and reached the maximum at the full-bell stage, and the dry matter accumulation of BK₄ treatment was the highest among all treatments, but there was no significant difference with AK₃, AK₄ and BK₃; Intercellular CO₂ concentration and net photosynthetic rate at the boll stage increased with the increase of fertilizer application, and transpiration rate and stomatal conductance decreased and then increased with the increase of fertilizer application. The seed cotton yield of both potash treatments increased with the increase of fertilizer application, and the BK₄ treatment had the highest yield, but there was no significant difference with AK₃, AK₄ and BK₃. 【Conclusion】 Considering the factors together, potassium sulfate compounded with potassium humate treatment is superior to potassium sulfate treatment alone, and BK₃ treatment is the best treatment.

Key words: potassium fertilizer; cotton; dry matter; photosynthesis; yield

中图分类号:

S562

穆光荣, 李杰, 古丽娜孜·居来提, 娄善伟, 帕尔哈提·买买提, 马腾飞, 张鹏忠, 吴湘林, 张立祯, 巴特尔·巴克. 钾肥配施及用量对膜下滴灌棉花生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(5): 1075-1083.

MU Guangrong, LI Jie, Gulnaz Jurat, LOU Shanwei, Parhat Mamat, MA Tengfei, ZHANG Pengzhong, WU Xianglin, ZHANG Lizhen, Batur Bake. Effects of potassium fertilizer rationing and dosage on the growth, development and yield of cotton under membrane drip irrigation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(5): 1075-1083.

图/表 6

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处理 Treat- ments	苗期 Seedling stage				现蕾期 Budding stage				盛蕾期 Vigorous bud period				初花期 Initial flowering period				盛花结铃期 Blossoming and Bolling Period				盛铃期 Prime-bell period
处理 Treat- ments	茎 Srem (g)	叶 Leaf (g)	蕾铃 Buds and bolls (g)	单株干物质 Dry matter per plant (g)	茎 Srem (g)	叶 Leaf (g)	蕾铃 Buds and bolls (g)	单株干物质 Dry matter per plant (g)	茎 Srem (g)	叶 Leaf (g)	蕾铃 Buds and bolls (g)	单株干物质 Dry matter per plant (g)	茎 Srem (g)	叶 Leaf (g)	蕾铃 Buds and bolls (g)	单株干物质 Dry matter per plant (g)	茎 Srem (g)	叶 Leaf (g)	蕾铃 Buds and bolls (g)	单株干物质 Dry matter per plant (g)	茎 Srem (g)	叶 Leaf (g)	蕾铃 Buds and bolls (g)	单株干物质 Dry matter per plant (g)
AK₁	0.3^a	0.4^a	/	0.8^bc	3.0^c	2.7^b	0.1^c	5.8^c	7.4^b	6.5^bc	1.4^bc	15.3^d	14.4^c	10.0^c	7.0^bc	31.5^c	16.9^c	13.1^c	29.2^b	57.4^d	20.3^c	16.1^cd	43.6^b	79.9^cd
AK₂	0.3^a	0.5^a	/	0.9^abc	3.2^bc	3.0^ab	0.1^c	6.3^bc	8.8^a	7.3^ab	2.6^ab	18.7^c	17.1^b	13.7^b	8.5^b	39.4^b	20.4^b	18.0^b	30.2^b	65.9^c	22.5^bc	21.1^bc	45.0^b	88.5^bc
AK₃	0.4^a	0.5^a	/	1.0^abc	3.5^c	3.2^ab	0.1^bc	6.9^abc	9.0^a	8.5^a	2.9^ab	20.5^abc	17.9^ab	14.4^ab	9.8^b	42.1^b	21.3^ab	18.9^ab	35.4^a	72.9^b	27.0^ab	22.1^b	52.8^a	101.9^ab
AK₄	0.4^a	0.5^a	/	1.0^a	3.6^bc	4.3^a	0.2^abc	8.1^abc	9.3^a	8.7^a	3.2^a	21.1^ab	19.9^a	17.9^a	13.4^a	51.2^a	24.1^ab	23.4^a	38.4^a	82.5^a	30.0^a	27.4^a	57.2^a	114.6^a
BK₁	0.4^a	0.4^a	/	0.9^a	2.9^bc	2.9^ab	0.1^bc	5.9^c	7.0^b	6.5^bc	1.5^bc	15.0^d	14.5^c	9.9^c	7.4^bc	31.9^c	17.0^c	13.0^c	28.3^b	56.4^d	20.4^c	16.2^cd	42.1^b	78.7^cd
BK₂	0.4^a	0.5^a	/	1.0^abc	3.3^bc	3.8^ab	0.2^bc	7.3^abc	8.7^a	8.1^ab	2.8^ab	19.6^bc	17.1^b	13.8^b	8.9^b	39.9^b	20.4^b	18.1^b	30.9^b	66.8^c	22.6^bc	21.2^bc	46.1^b	95.3^bc
BK₃	0.4^a	0.5^a	/	1.0^ab	4.4^a	4.0^ab	0.3^ab	8.6^bc	8.9^a	8.6^a	3.0^a	20.4^abc	18.3^ab	15.1^ab	10.2^b	44.2^b	21.8^ab	19.8^ab	35.4^a	74.1^b	27.0^ab	23.2^ab	52.7^a	102.9^ab
BK₄	0.4^a	0.6^a	/	1.1^a	4.4^a	4.3^a	0.4^a	9.2^abc	9.1^a	8.9^a	3.7^a	21.8^a	20.2^a	18.0^a	14.1^a	52.3^a	24.1^ab	23.6^a	37.6^a	81.8^a	30.2^a	27.6^a	56.0^a	116.4^a
CK	0.3^a	0.4^a	/	0.8^c	2.9^ab	2.6^b	0.1^c	5.6^c	6.4^b	5.6^c	0.8^c	12.8^e	9.6^d	9.6^c	5.0^c	24.2^d	13.5^d	12.9^c	24.3^c	48.8^e	14.2^d	15.1^d	36.2^c	65.4^d

处理 Treat- ments	苗期 Seedling stage				现蕾期 Budding stage				盛蕾期 Vigorous bud period				初花期 Initial flowering period				盛花结铃期 Blossoming and Bolling Period				盛铃期 Prime-bell period
处理 Treat- ments	茎 Srem (g)	叶 Leaf (g)	蕾铃 Buds and bolls (g)	单株干物质 Dry matter per plant (g)	茎 Srem (g)	叶 Leaf (g)	蕾铃 Buds and bolls (g)	单株干物质 Dry matter per plant (g)	茎 Srem (g)	叶 Leaf (g)	蕾铃 Buds and bolls (g)	单株干物质 Dry matter per plant (g)	茎 Srem (g)	叶 Leaf (g)	蕾铃 Buds and bolls (g)	单株干物质 Dry matter per plant (g)	茎 Srem (g)	叶 Leaf (g)	蕾铃 Buds and bolls (g)	单株干物质 Dry matter per plant (g)	茎 Srem (g)	叶 Leaf (g)	蕾铃 Buds and bolls (g)	单株干物质 Dry matter per plant (g)
AK₁	0.3^a	0.4^a	/	0.8^bc	3.0^c	2.7^b	0.1^c	5.8^c	7.4^b	6.5^bc	1.4^bc	15.3^d	14.4^c	10.0^c	7.0^bc	31.5^c	16.9^c	13.1^c	29.2^b	57.4^d	20.3^c	16.1^cd	43.6^b	79.9^cd
AK₂	0.3^a	0.5^a	/	0.9^abc	3.2^bc	3.0^ab	0.1^c	6.3^bc	8.8^a	7.3^ab	2.6^ab	18.7^c	17.1^b	13.7^b	8.5^b	39.4^b	20.4^b	18.0^b	30.2^b	65.9^c	22.5^bc	21.1^bc	45.0^b	88.5^bc
AK₃	0.4^a	0.5^a	/	1.0^abc	3.5^c	3.2^ab	0.1^bc	6.9^abc	9.0^a	8.5^a	2.9^ab	20.5^abc	17.9^ab	14.4^ab	9.8^b	42.1^b	21.3^ab	18.9^ab	35.4^a	72.9^b	27.0^ab	22.1^b	52.8^a	101.9^ab
AK₄	0.4^a	0.5^a	/	1.0^a	3.6^bc	4.3^a	0.2^abc	8.1^abc	9.3^a	8.7^a	3.2^a	21.1^ab	19.9^a	17.9^a	13.4^a	51.2^a	24.1^ab	23.4^a	38.4^a	82.5^a	30.0^a	27.4^a	57.2^a	114.6^a
BK₁	0.4^a	0.4^a	/	0.9^a	2.9^bc	2.9^ab	0.1^bc	5.9^c	7.0^b	6.5^bc	1.5^bc	15.0^d	14.5^c	9.9^c	7.4^bc	31.9^c	17.0^c	13.0^c	28.3^b	56.4^d	20.4^c	16.2^cd	42.1^b	78.7^cd
BK₂	0.4^a	0.5^a	/	1.0^abc	3.3^bc	3.8^ab	0.2^bc	7.3^abc	8.7^a	8.1^ab	2.8^ab	19.6^bc	17.1^b	13.8^b	8.9^b	39.9^b	20.4^b	18.1^b	30.9^b	66.8^c	22.6^bc	21.2^bc	46.1^b	95.3^bc
BK₃	0.4^a	0.5^a	/	1.0^ab	4.4^a	4.0^ab	0.3^ab	8.6^bc	8.9^a	8.6^a	3.0^a	20.4^abc	18.3^ab	15.1^ab	10.2^b	44.2^b	21.8^ab	19.8^ab	35.4^a	74.1^b	27.0^ab	23.2^ab	52.7^a	102.9^ab
BK₄	0.4^a	0.6^a	/	1.1^a	4.4^a	4.3^a	0.4^a	9.2^abc	9.1^a	8.9^a	3.7^a	21.8^a	20.2^a	18.0^a	14.1^a	52.3^a	24.1^ab	23.6^a	37.6^a	81.8^a	30.2^a	27.6^a	56.0^a	116.4^a
CK	0.3^a	0.4^a	/	0.8^c	2.9^ab	2.6^b	0.1^c	5.6^c	6.4^b	5.6^c	0.8^c	12.8^e	9.6^d	9.6^c	5.0^c	24.2^d	13.5^d	12.9^c	24.3^c	48.8^e	14.2^d	15.1^d	36.2^c	65.4^d

处理 Treatments	有效株数 Effective plants (10³株/667m²)	单株铃数 Boll number per plant	单铃重 Boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percent (%)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/667m²)	皮棉产量 Lint yield (kg/667m²)
AK₁	14.83±0.71^a	5.3±0.20^bc	5.03±0.04^b	39.88±0.29^ab	403±0.88^ef	161±1.45^ef
AK₂	15.00±0.21^a	5.3±0.12^bc	5.15±0.12^ab	40.64±0.45^a	411±11.53^de	167±6.00^cde
AK₃	14.57±0.32^ab	5.6±0.13^ab	5.23±0.14^ab	40.66±0.21^a	436±8.82^bc	178±4.26^abc
AK₄	14.83±0.48^a	5.5±0.15^bc	5.22±0.06^ab	40.95±0.41^a	441±5.00^ab	180±1.86^ab
BK₁	14.37±0.33^ab	5.7±0.17^ab	5.10±0.13^ab	39.84±0.20^ab	414±8.09^cde	165±3.93^de
BK₂	14.73±0.32^ab	5.6±0.09^ab	5.20±0.08^ab	40.61±0.42^a	431±4.33^bcd	175±2.19^bcd
BK₃	14.70±0.81^ab	5.7±0.22^ab	5.37±0.03^a	40.74±0.33^a	451±9.17^ab	184±4.91^ab
BK₄	14.67±0.26^ab	6.0±0.06^a	5.25±0.05^ab	40.90±0.20^a	462±8.19^a	189±4.36^a
CK	13.23±0.43^b	5.1±0.15^c	5.00±0.05^b	39.10±0.52^b	388±3.53^f	151±2.60^f

处理 Treatments	有效株数 Effective plants (10³株/667m²)	单株铃数 Boll number per plant	单铃重 Boll weight (g)	衣分 Lint percent (%)	籽棉产量 Seed cotton yield (kg/667m²)	皮棉产量 Lint yield (kg/667m²)
AK₁	14.83±0.71^a	5.3±0.20^bc	5.03±0.04^b	39.88±0.29^ab	403±0.88^ef	161±1.45^ef
AK₂	15.00±0.21^a	5.3±0.12^bc	5.15±0.12^ab	40.64±0.45^a	411±11.53^de	167±6.00^cde
AK₃	14.57±0.32^ab	5.6±0.13^ab	5.23±0.14^ab	40.66±0.21^a	436±8.82^bc	178±4.26^abc
AK₄	14.83±0.48^a	5.5±0.15^bc	5.22±0.06^ab	40.95±0.41^a	441±5.00^ab	180±1.86^ab
BK₁	14.37±0.33^ab	5.7±0.17^ab	5.10±0.13^ab	39.84±0.20^ab	414±8.09^cde	165±3.93^de
BK₂	14.73±0.32^ab	5.6±0.09^ab	5.20±0.08^ab	40.61±0.42^a	431±4.33^bcd	175±2.19^bcd
BK₃	14.70±0.81^ab	5.7±0.22^ab	5.37±0.03^a	40.74±0.33^a	451±9.17^ab	184±4.91^ab
BK₄	14.67±0.26^ab	6.0±0.06^a	5.25±0.05^ab	40.90±0.20^a	462±8.19^a	189±4.36^a
CK	13.23±0.43^b	5.1±0.15^c	5.00±0.05^b	39.10±0.52^b	388±3.53^f	151±2.60^f

钾肥配施及用量对膜下滴灌棉花生长发育及产量的影响

Effects of potassium fertilizer rationing and dosage on the growth, development and yield of cotton under membrane drip irrigation

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