新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (4): 894-902.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.013

• 园艺特产·林业·农产品加工工程 • 上一篇    下一篇

增施有机肥与减量滴施化肥对干旱区夏黑葡萄果实品质的影响

吕齐1,2(), 张晓晖1(), 张金枝1, 王菁菁3   

  1. 1.新疆农业职业技术学院,新疆昌吉 831100
    2.石河子大学农学院/特色果蔬栽培生理与种质资源利用兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子 832003
    3.新疆林业科学院,乌鲁木齐 830063
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-19 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-06-20
  • 通信作者: 张晓晖(1978-),女,新疆人,副教授,硕士研究生,研究方向为果树栽培与生理及相关调控,(E-mail)22515228@qq.com
  • 作者简介:吕齐(1997-),男,新疆人,硕士研究生,助教,研究方向为果树栽培生理与水肥,(E-mail)1549993076@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区第一批三农骨干人才项目(2022SNGGNT101)

Effects of increasing organicfertilizer and reducing chemical fertilizer on fruit quality of Xiahei grape in arid areas

LYU Qi1,2(), ZHANG Xiaohui1(), ZHANG Jinzhi1, WANG Jingjing3   

  1. 1. Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational and Technical College, Changji Xinjiang 831100,China
    2. Key Laboratory of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps/College of Agronomy,Shihezi University,Shihezi Xinjiang 832003,China
    3. Xinjiang Academy of Forestry, Urumqi 830063,China
  • Received:2024-09-19 Published:2025-04-20 Online:2025-06-20
  • Supported by:
    First Batch of Rural Backbone Talent Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022SNGGNT101)

摘要:

【目的】研究增施有机肥及连续减量滴施化肥对夏黑葡萄果实品质的影响。【方法】以7 a生夏黑葡萄为试验材料,设连续3年未施肥(CK)、连续3年单施化肥(T0)、增施有机肥+1年减量滴施化肥(T1)、增施有机肥+连续2年减量滴施化肥(T2)、增施有机肥+连续3年减量滴施化肥(T3)5个处理,连续3 a定位试验,研究不同年限增施有机肥与化肥减量滴施对夏黑葡萄生长、产量及品质的影响。【结果】T2处理下夏黑葡萄果实纵、横径2次膨大快速期(花后15~22 d和36~43 d)均为最大,单果重、单穗重、产量较T0分别提高了14.6%、4.8%和4.7%,其次为T3。膨大时期T2处理下葡萄叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率在各处理中均为最高;对于葡萄果实着色及果实品质, T2处理下葡萄果皮花青素含量比T0提高了22.0%,加快了叶绿素分解,促进了果实着色,其次为T3;T2处理下果实可溶性固形物、糖酸比、各类糖、VC、总酚含量等均显著提高。【结论】T2处理在促进葡萄生长、品质方面具有积极作用,T3效果次之,T1与T0间差异不大,滴灌条件下增施有机肥与减量滴施化肥在第二年时效果最佳。

关键词: 有机肥; 化肥; 葡萄; 生长; 品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effect of decreasing the amount of organic fertilizer and drip irrigation fertilizer on the growth and development of grape and fruit quality. 【Methods】 7 years age Xiahei grapes were taken as test materials, and five treatments were set: three years in a row without fertilization (CK), three consecutive years fertilization of chemical fertilizer (T0), organic fertilizer + one reduction year fertilizer (T1), organic fertilizer + two years reduction years (T2), organic fertilizers + three years reduction chemical fertilizer (T3). The effects of increasing organic fertilizer and decreasing the amount of chemical fertilizer on drip application was studied by continuous 3a positioning experiment. 【Results】 The experimental results showed that the longitudinal and transverse diameters of Xiahei grape fruits in the two rapid expansion periods (15-22 d and 36-43 d after flowering) under T2 treatment were the largest, and the single fruit weight, single spike weight and yield were 14.6%, 4.8% and 4.7% higher than that of T0, respectively, followed by T3.During the expansion period, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration rate of grape leaves under T2 treatment were significantly higher than that of T0, which accelerated the accumulation of photosynthetic products. For grape fruit coloring and fruit quality, anthocyanin content in grape skins under T2 treatment was 22.0% higher than that of T0, accelerated chlorophyll decomposition and promoted fruit coloring, followed by T3. The soluble solids, saccharin acid ratio, sugar content, vitamin C and total phenol of fruits were significantly increased under T2 treatment. 【Conclusion】 The organic fertilizer and the drop fertilizer have obvious positive effects on the growth and quality of grape.

Key words: organic fertilizer; chemical fertilizers; grape; growth; quality

中图分类号: 


ISSN 1001-4330 CN 65-1097/S
邮发代号:58-18
国外代号:BM3342
主管:新疆农业科学院
主办:新疆农业科学院 新疆农业大学 新疆农学会

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