黄沙基质不同栽培方式对设施番茄产量与品质的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.04.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究黄沙基质袋式栽培(BC)和槽式栽培(TC)对番茄产量与品质的影响,验证不同栽培方式的优势与效果,为新疆沙漠、戈壁设施农业提供技术支持。【方法】供试番茄品种为卡地亚800和世佳1867,分析2个番茄品种不同栽培方式下的产量,并检测番茄可溶性固形物含量(SSC)、番茄红素(LYC)含量、VC含量和糖酸比,应用主成分分析综合性评价不同栽培方式番茄品质。【结果】番茄不同栽培方式番茄产量呈极显著性的差异(P<0.01),槽式栽培较袋式栽培产量平均高9.5%;不同栽培方式,番茄VC含量达到极显著水平(P<0.01),对番茄红素的影响达到显著水平(P<0.05)。袋式栽培比槽式栽培 VC 含量和糖酸比分别高22.7%和15.4%,槽式栽培对比袋式栽培前者可溶性固形物含量和番茄红素含量分别比后者高2.5%和20.3%。番茄2品种袋式栽培和槽式栽培的可溶性固形物含量、番茄红素、VC含量和糖酸比4个品质指标综合评价,得分顺序为槽式栽培世佳1867> 袋式栽培世佳1867> 袋式栽培卡地亚800> 槽式栽培卡地亚800。【结论】袋式栽培显著提高番茄VC含量,增加糖酸比,改善番茄口感品质,缩短下茬番茄的种植周期,在新疆北疆地区具有应用潜力;槽式栽培有利于增加番茄红素含量,2个番茄品种平均产量为158.3 t/hm²,已达到温室番茄的高产水平,在沙漠、戈壁设施农业上具有推广应用的潜力。

关键词: 番茄; 黄沙基质; 栽培方式; 产量; 品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of sand- substratebag cultivation (BC) and trough cultivation (TC) on tomato yield and quality, and to verify the advantages and effects of different planting modes, aiming to provide technical support for desert and Gobi facility agriculture in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 The tomato varieties under the test were Kardiya 800 and Shijia 1867. This study statistically analyzed the yields of the two tomato varieties under different planting modes, and tested their soluble solid content (SSC), lycopene (LYC) content, vitamin C (VC) content, and sugar-acid ratio. Principal component analysis was applied to comprehensively evaluate the quality of tomatoes grown under different planting modes. 【Results】 There was a significant difference in tomato yields among different planting modes (P<0.01), with an average yield increase of 9.5% in Trough cultivation compared to Sand- substratebag cultivation. Variance analysis of planting modes on tomato quality indicators showed that VC content reached a very significant level (P<0.01), and had a significant impact on Lycopene (P<0.05). Compared to Trough cultivation mode, BC mode had higher VC content and sugar-acid ratio by 22.7% and 15.4% respectively. In contrast, Trough cultivation mode had higher Soluble solid content and Lycopene content by 2.5% and 20.3% respectively compared to BC mode. Principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the four quality indicators of Soluble solid content, Lycopene, VC content, and sugar-acid ratio in the two tomato varieties under BC and Trough cultivation modes, the scoring order was TC Shijia 1867 > BC Shijia 1867 > BC Kardiya 800 > TC Kardiya 800. 【Conclusion】 The BC mode significantly improves the VC content and sugar-acid ratio of tomatoes, enhances their taste quality and shortens the planting cycle, making it a potential application in the northern Xinjiang region. The Trough cultivation mode was beneficial to increase tomato yield and Lycopene content, the average yield of 2 tomato varieties is 158.3 t/hm², which has reached the higher yield level among the greenhouse tomato with stronger potential for promotion and application in desert and Gobi facility agriculture.

Key words: tomato; yellow sand substrate; planting mode; yield; quality

中图分类号:

S641.2

马如海, 黄春燕, 崔辉梅, 郑越辉, 方圆, 王登伟. 黄沙基质不同栽培方式对设施番茄产量与品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(4): 903-910.

MA Ruhai, HUANG Chunyan, CUI Huimei, ZHENG Yuehui, FANG Yuan, WANG Dengwei. Effects of different planting modes of yellow sand substrate on tomato yield and quality in solar greenhouse[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(4): 903-910.

图/表 8

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变异来源 Origin of variance	自由度 Df	平方和 Sum of squares	均方 Equal squares	F 值 F-value	显著水平 Significance level
区组Granule	2	6.7	3.4	0.37	0.704 3
品种Variety	1	8 232	8 232	1 080.7	8.00e-10 ^**
栽培方式 Planting mode	1	722	722	79.9	0.000 1^**
品种×栽培方式 Variety by planting mode	1	83.7	83.7	10.9	0.0106^*
误差Residuals	8	61	8

变异来源 Origin of variance	自由度 Df	平方和 Sum of squares	均方 Equal squares	F 值 F-value	显著水平 Significance level
区组Granule	2	6.7	3.4	0.37	0.704 3
品种Variety	1	8 232	8 232	1 080.7	8.00e-10 ^**
栽培方式 Planting mode	1	722	722	79.9	0.000 1^**
品种×栽培方式 Variety by planting mode	1	83.7	83.7	10.9	0.0106^*
误差Residuals	8	61	8

变异来源 Origin of variance	品质指标 Qulity indice	自由度 Df	平方和 Sum of squares	均方 Equal squares	F 值 F-value	显著水平 Significance level
品种 Variety	可溶性固形物含量(%)	1	0.226 9	0.226 9	26.288	0.000 9^**
	番茄红素(mg/100g)		36.750	36.750	45.938	0.043 9^*
	VC(mg/100g)		10.641	10.641	15.717	0.004 2^**
	糖酸比		8.67	8.670	2.471	0.155
栽培方式 Planting modes	可溶性固形物含量(%)	1	0.029 0	0.029 0	3.354 0	0.104 4
	番茄红素(mg/100g)		4.560 0	4.560 0	5.704 0	0.043 9^*
	VC (mg/100g)		25.521	25.521	37.669	0.000 3^**
	糖酸比		5.88	5.880	1.676	0.232
品种×栽培方式 Variety×planting modes	可溶性固形物含量(%)	1	0.066 0	0.066 0	7.631 0	0.024 6^*
	番茄红素(mg/100g)		0.080 0	0.080 0	0.104 0	0.755 2
	VC (mg/100g)		2.167 0	2.167 0	3.199 0	0.111 5
	糖酸比		13.65	13.653	3.891
误差 Residuals	可溶性固形物含量(%)	8	0.069 2	0.008 7	0.084
	番茄红素(mg/100g)		6.400 0	0.800 0
	VC (mg/100g)		5.420 0	0.677 0
	糖酸比		28.07	3.509

变异来源 Origin of variance	品质指标 Qulity indice	自由度 Df	平方和 Sum of squares	均方 Equal squares	F 值 F-value	显著水平 Significance level
品种 Variety	可溶性固形物含量(%)	1	0.226 9	0.226 9	26.288	0.000 9^**
	番茄红素(mg/100g)		36.750	36.750	45.938	0.043 9^*
	VC(mg/100g)		10.641	10.641	15.717	0.004 2^**
	糖酸比		8.67	8.670	2.471	0.155
栽培方式 Planting modes	可溶性固形物含量(%)	1	0.029 0	0.029 0	3.354 0	0.104 4
	番茄红素(mg/100g)		4.560 0	4.560 0	5.704 0	0.043 9^*
	VC (mg/100g)		25.521	25.521	37.669	0.000 3^**
	糖酸比		5.88	5.880	1.676	0.232
品种×栽培方式 Variety×planting modes	可溶性固形物含量(%)	1	0.066 0	0.066 0	7.631 0	0.024 6^*
	番茄红素(mg/100g)		0.080 0	0.080 0	0.104 0	0.755 2
	VC (mg/100g)		2.167 0	2.167 0	3.199 0	0.111 5
	糖酸比		13.65	13.653	3.891
误差 Residuals	可溶性固形物含量(%)	8	0.069 2	0.008 7	0.084
	番茄红素(mg/100g)		6.400 0	0.800 0
	VC (mg/100g)		5.420 0	0.677 0
	糖酸比		28.07	3.509

主成分 Principal component	特征值 Eigenvalue	贡献率 Contribution rate(%)	累积贡献率 Accumulate contribution rate(%)
1	2.472 9	61.82	61.82
2	1.167 3	29.18	91.01
3	0.220 8	0.055 2	0.965 3
4	0.138 9	0.034 7	1.000 0