新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (2): 446-453.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.022
张锦强(), 杨湘, 苏学德, 王欢欢, 李铭, 李鹏程(
)
收稿日期:
2024-08-03
出版日期:
2025-02-20
发布日期:
2025-04-17
通信作者:
李鹏程(1983-),男,甘肃武威人,研究员,硕士,研究方向为果树栽培生理,(E-mail)lpc830916@163.com作者简介:
张锦强(1995-),男,甘肃张掖人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向为果树栽培生理,(E-mail)1179956494@qq.com
基金资助:
ZHANG Jinqiang(), YANG Xiang, SU Xuede, WANG Huanhuan, LI Ming, LI Pengcheng(
)
Received:
2024-08-03
Published:
2025-02-20
Online:
2025-04-17
Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】研究日光温室甜樱桃不同栽培模式下果实品质差异性,为新疆北疆日光温室甜樱桃栽培科学管理提供理论依据。【方法】以新疆北疆日光温室主栽品种美早甜樱桃作为研究对象,比较测定直立和一边倒2种栽培模式下甜樱桃果实成熟期24项品质指标,采用变异、相关性及主成分分析筛选核心指标,利用AHP层次分析建立综合品质评价模型。【结果】不同栽培模式甜樱桃果实各项指标存在差异,其中甜度值、可食率、总酸、a*和葡萄糖为甜樱桃果实品质评价的核心指标;建立了甜樱桃果实品质评价模型Y(综合得分)=0.121×可食率的标准化值+0.075×a*的标准化值+0.199×甜度值的标准化值+0.068×总酸含量的标准化值+0.037×葡萄糖含量的标准化值。【结论】直立栽培模式下甜樱桃果实综合品质优于一边倒栽培模式。
中图分类号:
张锦强, 杨湘, 苏学德, 王欢欢, 李铭, 李鹏程. 新疆北疆日光温室不同栽培模式下甜樱桃果实品质的差异性评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(2): 446-453.
ZHANG Jinqiang, YANG Xiang, SU Xuede, WANG Huanhuan, LI Ming, LI Pengcheng. Evaluation of fruit quality difference of sweet cherry under different cultivation modes in solar greenhouse in northern Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(2): 446-453.
处理 Treatments | 单果重 Single fruit weight (g) | 纵径 Longitudinal diameter (mm) | 横径 Transverse diameter (mm) | 果形指数 Fruit shape index | 硬度 Hardness(kg/cm2) | 可食率 Edible rate (%) | L* | a* | b* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
直立 Erect | 14.97±0.25a | 27.01±1.91a | 31.06±1.16a | 0.87±0.08a | 6.36±0.35b | 73.96±5.02a | 35.66±1.10a | 31.10±3.52a | 16.56±0.95a |
一边倒 Lean to one side | 15.22±0.72a | 29.83±1.20a | 31.82±1.81a | 0.94±0.03a | 6.76±0.34a | 70.55±1.99a | 31.98±2.35b | 28.38±1.46a | 15.26±1.14a |
均值 Mean value | 14.26 | 29.16 | 31.68 | 0.92 | 6.50 | 72.26 | 33.65 | 28.88 | 14.57 |
标准差 Standard deviation | 1.44 | 1.73 | 1.72 | 0.06 | 0.42 | 3.89 | 2.36 | 2.88 | 3.31 |
变异系数 Coefficient of variation | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.23 |
表1 2种栽培模式下甜樱桃果实外观品质的比较
Tab.1 Comparisons of appearance quality of sweet cherry fruits under two cultivation modes
处理 Treatments | 单果重 Single fruit weight (g) | 纵径 Longitudinal diameter (mm) | 横径 Transverse diameter (mm) | 果形指数 Fruit shape index | 硬度 Hardness(kg/cm2) | 可食率 Edible rate (%) | L* | a* | b* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
直立 Erect | 14.97±0.25a | 27.01±1.91a | 31.06±1.16a | 0.87±0.08a | 6.36±0.35b | 73.96±5.02a | 35.66±1.10a | 31.10±3.52a | 16.56±0.95a |
一边倒 Lean to one side | 15.22±0.72a | 29.83±1.20a | 31.82±1.81a | 0.94±0.03a | 6.76±0.34a | 70.55±1.99a | 31.98±2.35b | 28.38±1.46a | 15.26±1.14a |
均值 Mean value | 14.26 | 29.16 | 31.68 | 0.92 | 6.50 | 72.26 | 33.65 | 28.88 | 14.57 |
标准差 Standard deviation | 1.44 | 1.73 | 1.72 | 0.06 | 0.42 | 3.89 | 2.36 | 2.88 | 3.31 |
变异系数 Coefficient of variation | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.23 |
处理 Treatments | 可溶性固形物 Soluble solids (%) | 可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (mg/g) | 总酸 Total acidity (%) | 葡萄糖 Glucose (mg/g) | 果糖 Fructose (mg/g) | 蔗糖 Sucrose (mg/g) | 糖酸比 Sugar acid ratio | 甜度值 Sweetness value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
直立 Erect | 14.66±0.95a | 126.90±5.96a | 0.45±0.02b | 23.28±0.82a | 34.31±1.60a | 54.37±2.70a | 28.16±1.44a | 130.71±4.94a |
一边倒 Lean to one side | 15.26±1.14a | 126.64±6.74a | 0.54±0.01a | 23.60±1.36a | 34.70±1.60a | 52.71±3.30a | 23.58±1.43b | 130.24±6.10a |
均值 Mean value | 14.96 | 126.77 | 0.49 | 23.44 | 34.51 | 53.68 | 25.87 | 130.48 |
标准差 Standard deviation | 1.04 | 5.69 | 0.05 | 1.02 | 1.45 | 2.80 | 2.82 | 4.97 |
变异系数 Coefficient of variation | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.04 |
表2 2种栽培模式下甜樱桃果实风味品质的比较
Tab.2 Comparisons of flavor quality of sweet cherry fruits under two cultivation modes
处理 Treatments | 可溶性固形物 Soluble solids (%) | 可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (mg/g) | 总酸 Total acidity (%) | 葡萄糖 Glucose (mg/g) | 果糖 Fructose (mg/g) | 蔗糖 Sucrose (mg/g) | 糖酸比 Sugar acid ratio | 甜度值 Sweetness value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
直立 Erect | 14.66±0.95a | 126.90±5.96a | 0.45±0.02b | 23.28±0.82a | 34.31±1.60a | 54.37±2.70a | 28.16±1.44a | 130.71±4.94a |
一边倒 Lean to one side | 15.26±1.14a | 126.64±6.74a | 0.54±0.01a | 23.60±1.36a | 34.70±1.60a | 52.71±3.30a | 23.58±1.43b | 130.24±6.10a |
均值 Mean value | 14.96 | 126.77 | 0.49 | 23.44 | 34.51 | 53.68 | 25.87 | 130.48 |
标准差 Standard deviation | 1.04 | 5.69 | 0.05 | 1.02 | 1.45 | 2.80 | 2.82 | 4.97 |
变异系数 Coefficient of variation | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.10 | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.11 | 0.04 |
处理 Treatments | VC (mg/100g) | 花色苷 Anthocyanin (μg/g) | 类黄酮 Flavonoids (μg/g) | 氨基酸 Amino acid (μg/g) | 单宁 Tannin (mg/g) | 总酚 Phenolics (mg/g) | 可溶性果胶 Soluble pectin (mg/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
直立Upright | 11.80±0.30a | 16.96±0.63a | 2.25±0.06b | 1 892.26±58.49b | 0.46±0.03a | 0.53±0.03b | 9.52±0.30b |
一边倒 Lean to one side | 10.62±0.06b | 15.01±0.22b | 3.85±0.58a | 4 868.52±28.73a | 0.21±0.01b | 0.60±0.02a | 12.76±0.44a |
均值 Mean value | 11.21 | 15.99 | 3.05 | 3 380.39 | 0.34 | 0.56 | 11.14 |
标准差 Standard deviation | 0.67 | 1.15 | 0.88 | 1 630.69 | 1.34 | 0.04 | 1.80 |
变异系数 Coefficient of variation | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.29 | 0.48 | 0.41 | 0.07 | 0.16 |
表 3 2种栽培模式下甜樱桃果实营养品质的比较
Tab.3 Comparisons of nutritional quality of sweet cherry fruit under two cultivation modes
处理 Treatments | VC (mg/100g) | 花色苷 Anthocyanin (μg/g) | 类黄酮 Flavonoids (μg/g) | 氨基酸 Amino acid (μg/g) | 单宁 Tannin (mg/g) | 总酚 Phenolics (mg/g) | 可溶性果胶 Soluble pectin (mg/g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
直立Upright | 11.80±0.30a | 16.96±0.63a | 2.25±0.06b | 1 892.26±58.49b | 0.46±0.03a | 0.53±0.03b | 9.52±0.30b |
一边倒 Lean to one side | 10.62±0.06b | 15.01±0.22b | 3.85±0.58a | 4 868.52±28.73a | 0.21±0.01b | 0.60±0.02a | 12.76±0.44a |
均值 Mean value | 11.21 | 15.99 | 3.05 | 3 380.39 | 0.34 | 0.56 | 11.14 |
标准差 Standard deviation | 0.67 | 1.15 | 0.88 | 1 630.69 | 1.34 | 0.04 | 1.80 |
变异系数 Coefficient of variation | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.29 | 0.48 | 0.41 | 0.07 | 0.16 |
指标 Indexes | 主成分Principal component | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
单果重Single fruit weight | -0.584 | -0.653 | 0.239 | -0.381 | 0.175 |
纵径Vertical diameter | -0.543 | -0.078 | -0.763 | 0.343 | 0.015 |
横径Diameter | -0.207 | 0.559 | -0.073 | -0.219 | -0.769 |
果形指数Fruit shape index | -0.449 | -0.255 | -0.702 | 0.397 | 0.288 |
硬度Hardness | -0.914 | 0.033 | 0.044 | 0.371 | 0.157 |
可食率Edible rate | 0.431 | -0.004 | 0.088 | -0.871 | 0.218 |
L* | 0.863 | -0.145 | 0.384 | -0.021 | -0.295 |
a* | 0.280 | 0.152 | 0.938 | 0.141 | 0.003 |
b* | 0.824 | -0.406 | 0.055 | 0.276 | 0.278 |
可溶性固形物Soluble solids | -0.165 | 0.783 | -0.136 | 0.544 | 0.213 |
可溶性糖Soluble sugar | -0.003 | 0.953 | 0.133 | 0.081 | -0.26 |
总酸Total acid | -0.963 | 0.059 | -0.048 | 0.248 | 0.072 |
葡萄糖Glucose | -0.200 | -0.175 | -0.137 | -0.266 | 0.917 |
果糖Fructose | -0.212 | 0.952 | 0.185 | 0.019 | -0.120 |
蔗糖Saccharose | 0.257 | 0.934 | 0.078 | -0.155 | -0.178 |
糖酸比Sugar acid ratio | 0.894 | 0.322 | 0.110 | -0.243 | -0.158 |
甜度值Sweetness value | 0.008 | 0.986 | 0.119 | -0.116 | -0.030 |
VC | 0.881 | 0.013 | 0.410 | 0.212 | 0.102 |
花色苷Anthocyanin | 0.984 | -0.098 | -0.064 | -0.121 | 0.064 |
类黄酮Flavonoid | -0.957 | -0.022 | -0.290 | -0.004 | -0.013 |
氨基酸Amino acid | -0.963 | -0.005 | -0.261 | 0.025 | -0.063 |
单宁Tannin | 0.922 | 0.115 | 0.346 | -0.121 | 0.048 |
总酚Phenolics | -0.824 | -0.306 | -0.335 | 0.221 | 0.258 |
可溶性果胶Soluble pectin | 0.918 | -0.015 | 0.355 | -0.17 | -0.042 |
特征值Eigenvalue | 12.719 | 5.998 | 2.107 | 1.653 | 1.523 |
贡献率 Contribution rate(%) | 52.997 | 24.992 | 8.779 | 6.886 | 6.346 |
累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution(%) | 52.997 | 77.989 | 86.768 | 93.654 | 100.000 |
表4 主成分分析载荷矩阵
Tab.4 Principal component analysis load matrix
指标 Indexes | 主成分Principal component | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
单果重Single fruit weight | -0.584 | -0.653 | 0.239 | -0.381 | 0.175 |
纵径Vertical diameter | -0.543 | -0.078 | -0.763 | 0.343 | 0.015 |
横径Diameter | -0.207 | 0.559 | -0.073 | -0.219 | -0.769 |
果形指数Fruit shape index | -0.449 | -0.255 | -0.702 | 0.397 | 0.288 |
硬度Hardness | -0.914 | 0.033 | 0.044 | 0.371 | 0.157 |
可食率Edible rate | 0.431 | -0.004 | 0.088 | -0.871 | 0.218 |
L* | 0.863 | -0.145 | 0.384 | -0.021 | -0.295 |
a* | 0.280 | 0.152 | 0.938 | 0.141 | 0.003 |
b* | 0.824 | -0.406 | 0.055 | 0.276 | 0.278 |
可溶性固形物Soluble solids | -0.165 | 0.783 | -0.136 | 0.544 | 0.213 |
可溶性糖Soluble sugar | -0.003 | 0.953 | 0.133 | 0.081 | -0.26 |
总酸Total acid | -0.963 | 0.059 | -0.048 | 0.248 | 0.072 |
葡萄糖Glucose | -0.200 | -0.175 | -0.137 | -0.266 | 0.917 |
果糖Fructose | -0.212 | 0.952 | 0.185 | 0.019 | -0.120 |
蔗糖Saccharose | 0.257 | 0.934 | 0.078 | -0.155 | -0.178 |
糖酸比Sugar acid ratio | 0.894 | 0.322 | 0.110 | -0.243 | -0.158 |
甜度值Sweetness value | 0.008 | 0.986 | 0.119 | -0.116 | -0.030 |
VC | 0.881 | 0.013 | 0.410 | 0.212 | 0.102 |
花色苷Anthocyanin | 0.984 | -0.098 | -0.064 | -0.121 | 0.064 |
类黄酮Flavonoid | -0.957 | -0.022 | -0.290 | -0.004 | -0.013 |
氨基酸Amino acid | -0.963 | -0.005 | -0.261 | 0.025 | -0.063 |
单宁Tannin | 0.922 | 0.115 | 0.346 | -0.121 | 0.048 |
总酚Phenolics | -0.824 | -0.306 | -0.335 | 0.221 | 0.258 |
可溶性果胶Soluble pectin | 0.918 | -0.015 | 0.355 | -0.17 | -0.042 |
特征值Eigenvalue | 12.719 | 5.998 | 2.107 | 1.653 | 1.523 |
贡献率 Contribution rate(%) | 52.997 | 24.992 | 8.779 | 6.886 | 6.346 |
累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution(%) | 52.997 | 77.989 | 86.768 | 93.654 | 100.000 |
核心指标 Core indexes | 甜度值 Sweetness value | 可食率 Edible rate | 总酸 Total acid | a | 葡萄糖 Glucose |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
甜度值Sweetness value | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
可食率Edible rate | 1/2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
总酸Total acid | 1/3 | 1/2 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
a* | 1/3 | 1/2 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
葡萄糖Glucose | 1/4 | 1/3 | 1/2 | 1/3 | 1 |
表5 判断矩阵
Tab.5 Judgment matrix
核心指标 Core indexes | 甜度值 Sweetness value | 可食率 Edible rate | 总酸 Total acid | a | 葡萄糖 Glucose |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
甜度值Sweetness value | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
可食率Edible rate | 1/2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 3 |
总酸Total acid | 1/3 | 1/2 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
a* | 1/3 | 1/2 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
葡萄糖Glucose | 1/4 | 1/3 | 1/2 | 1/3 | 1 |
A目标层 Target layer | B约束层 Restraint layer | 权重 Weight | C指标层 Standard layer | 权重 Weight | 综合权重 Comprehensive weight |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
适宜栽培模式 Suitable cultivation mode | B1外观品质 | 0.5 | C1可食率 | 0.242 | 0.121 |
C2 a | 0.150 | 0.075 | |||
B2内在品质 | 0.5 | C3甜度值 | 0.398 | 0.199 | |
C4总酸 | 0.136 | 0.068 | |||
C5葡萄糖 | 0.074 | 0.037 |
表6 品质评价模型
Tab.6 Quality evaluation model
A目标层 Target layer | B约束层 Restraint layer | 权重 Weight | C指标层 Standard layer | 权重 Weight | 综合权重 Comprehensive weight |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
适宜栽培模式 Suitable cultivation mode | B1外观品质 | 0.5 | C1可食率 | 0.242 | 0.121 |
C2 a | 0.150 | 0.075 | |||
B2内在品质 | 0.5 | C3甜度值 | 0.398 | 0.199 | |
C4总酸 | 0.136 | 0.068 | |||
C5葡萄糖 | 0.074 | 0.037 |
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