辐射污染区细菌多样性及相关菌株筛选的多方法分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.03.021

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (3): 715-722.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.03.021

• 植物保护·土壤肥料·微生物 • 上一篇下一篇

辐射污染区细菌多样性及相关菌株筛选的多方法分析

谢文文¹(), 王慧楠², 艾尼江·尔斯满³, 朱静³, 顾美英³, 张志东³()

1.新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,乌鲁木齐 830046
2.新疆师范大学生命科学学院,乌鲁木齐 830054
3.新疆维吾尔自治区农业科学院微生物研究所/新疆特殊环境微生物重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2024-09-18 出版日期:2025-03-20 发布日期:2025-05-14
通信作者: 张志东(1977-),男,新疆乌鲁木齐人,研究员,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为特殊环境微生物学,(E-mail) zhangzheedong@sohu.com
作者简介:谢文文(1999-),女,河南周口人,硕士研究生,研究方向为环境微生物,(E-mail) 1150265496@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目“杰出青年基金”项目(2022D01E19);新疆农业科学院农业科技创新稳定支持专项(xjnkywdzc-2023005)

Multimethod screening of bacterial diversity and related strains in radiation-contaminated areas

XIE Wenwen¹(), WANG Huinan², Ainijiang Ersiman³, ZHU Jing³, GU Meiying³, ZHANG Zhidong³()

1. College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
2. College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China
3. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Environmental Microbiology /Institute of Microbiology, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2024-09-18 Published:2025-03-20 Online:2025-05-14
Supported by:
Excellent Youth Project of Xinjiang Natural Science Foundation(2022D01E19);Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation and Stability Special Project of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences(xjnkywdzc-2023005)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】解析辐射污染区内土壤细菌多样性及群落组成,筛选并挖掘微生物菌种资源,为开展辐射污染区微生物多样性挖掘和利用提供理论依据。【方法】从我国西北某辐射污染区高辐射区域随机采集3个地点土壤样品,利用Illumina NovaSeq高通量测序技术,分析辐射污染区土壤细菌群落组成;通过多种筛选方法分离土壤内细菌,利用16S rRNA进行分子鉴定并分析其功能特性。【结果】土壤样品内细菌域共涉及30个门384个属,优势菌门为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes,52.15%)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria,30.17%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota,10.42%)及放线菌门(Actinobacteriota,4.94%)。动性球菌属(Planococcus,17.45%)、Exiguobacterium(13.65%)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus,6.97%)、海洋杆菌属(Pontibacter,6.78%)等为优势菌属。可培养方法分离到277株细菌,分属于51属97种,其中优势菌属为微小杆菌(Microvirga,24.91%)、链霉菌(Streptomyces,16.25%)、海洋杆菌(Pontibacter,7.22%)、纤维单胞菌(Cellulomonas,5.78%)等,并分离获得10株潜在新种,且获得的绝大多数菌株具有较强的耐盐碱及产功能酶活性。【结论】辐射污染区土壤细菌多样性较为丰富,

关键词: 辐射污染区; 高通量测序; 可培养细菌; 功能特性

Abstract:

【Objective】To screen and mine the microbial species resources by analyzing the diversity and community composition of soil bacteria in the radiation-contaminated area. which provides a theoretical basis for the comprehensive mining and utilization of the microbial resources in radiation-contaminated areas. 【Methods】Soil samples were randomly collected from three sites in the high radiation area of a radiation-contaminated area in northwest China, and the composition of soil bacterial communities in the area was analyzed by using Illumina NovaSeq high-throughput sequencing technology; the bacteria within the soil were isolated by various screening methods, molecularly identified by using 16S rRNA, and their functional properties were preliminarily studied. 【Results】The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that the bacterial domains within the soil samples involved 30 phyla and 384 genera, with the dominant phyla being Firmicutes (52.15%), Proteobacteria (30.17%), Bacteroidota (10.42%) and Actinobacteriota (4.94%). Actinobacteriota, 4.94%). Planococcus (17.45%), Exiguobacterium (13.65%), Bacillus (6.97%) and Pontibacter (6.78%) were the dominant genera. Culturable methods were used to isolate 277 bacterial strains which belonged to 51 genera and 97 species. The dominant bacteria genera were Microvirga (24.91%), Streptomyces (16.25%), Pontibacter (7.22%), Cellulomonas (5.78%), etc. Ten potential new species were isolated, and majority of the obtained strains had strong salinity tolerance and functional enzyme-producing activities. 【Conclusion】The diversity of soil bacteria in radiation-contaminated areas is relatively rich.

Key words: radiation-contaminated area; high-throughput sequencing; culturable bacteria; functional characteristics

中图分类号:

Q93-3

谢文文, 王慧楠, 艾尼江·尔斯满, 朱静, 顾美英, 张志东. 辐射污染区细菌多样性及相关菌株筛选的多方法分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(3): 715-722.

XIE Wenwen, WANG Huinan, Ainijiang Ersiman, ZHU Jing, GU Meiying, ZHANG Zhidong. Multimethod screening of bacterial diversity and related strains in radiation-contaminated areas[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(3): 715-722.

图/表 9

表1 不同土壤样品内基因组DNA序列信息

Tab.1 Genomic DNA sequence information in different soil samples

样品 Sample	原始序列 Original sequence	质控序列 Quality control sequence	有效序列 Valid sequence	ASVs
FS 1	121 244	107 331	98 146	1 206
FS 2	114 165	102 212	95 318	1 017
FS 3	111 917	98 524	91 658	951

表2 不同土壤样品内微生物多样性统计

Tab.2 Statistical analysis of microbial diversity in different soil samples

样品 Sample	多样性指数 Chao1	香农指数 Shannon	辛普森指数 Simpson	覆盖率 Coverage (%)
FS 1	1204	5.29	0.98	99.98
FS 2	1016	4.99	0.98	99.98
FS 3	951	4.99	0.98	100.00

图1 不同样品点细菌在门(A)和属(B)水平上的物种相对丰度

Fig.1 Relative species abundance of bacteria at phylum (A) and genus (B) levels at different sample sites

图2 可培养方法获得的菌属相对丰度百分比

Fig.2 Pie chart of relative abundance percentage of culturable bacteria

图3 不同分离筛选方法获得的菌株

Fig.3 Strains obtained by different isolation and screening methods

图4 不同分离筛选方法获得菌株属水平

Fig.4 Genus level of strains obtained by different isolation and screening methods

表3 潜在新种的16S rRNA基因序列比对

Tab.3 Potential new species based on 16S rRNA gene sequence alignment

菌株编号 Strain number	相似菌株 Similar strain	相似度 Similarity (%)
2B-14	Azospirillum canadense	96.40
G2	Kineococcus indalonis	97.65
B6	Plastorhodobacter daqingensis	96.97
B8	Pontibacter indicus	96.92
B11	Pontibacter lucknowensis	98.35
B18	Pontibacter amylolyticus	96.94
B22	Pontibacter chitinilyticus	94.99
B37	Plastorhodobacter daqingensis	96.98
B49	Pontibacter flavimaris	95.53
B57	Pontibacter aquaedesilientis	96.49

图5 菌株抗逆特性结果

Fig.5 Results of stress resistance characteristics of strains

图6 菌株产酶特性结果

Fig.6 Results of enzyme-producing characteristics of strains

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辐射污染区细菌多样性及相关菌株筛选的多方法分析

Multimethod screening of bacterial diversity and related strains in radiation-contaminated areas

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