长期咸水滴灌对棉田土壤细菌和真菌群落结构的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.12.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 研究长期咸水灌溉对棉田土壤理化性质、细菌和真菌群落结构多样性的影响。【方法】 设3个灌溉水盐度处理为0.35、4.61和8.04 dS/m,分别代表淡水、微咸水、咸水3种灌溉水质,采用高通量测序法测定土壤中细菌和真菌群落结构多样性。【结果】 与淡水灌溉相比,微咸水和咸水灌溉显著提高了土壤盐分和土壤容重,但降低了土壤pH、有机质和全氮含量。微咸水和咸水灌溉显著增加细菌OTUs,而咸水灌溉显著降低真菌OTUs。咸水灌溉显著增加细菌Chao1和ACE指数,降低Shannon指数,降低真菌Chao1和ACE 指数,增加Simpson指数。微咸水和咸水灌溉显著降低细菌RB41、H16、Haliangium、硝化螺旋菌属、溶杆菌属、苔藓杆菌属、酸杆菌属和真菌被孢霉属、粉褶菌属、Tetracladium的相对丰度,但显著增加细菌鞘脂单胞菌属、芽单胞菌属、Gaiella、Ilumatobacter、Solirubrobacter、Nocardioides和真菌弯孢菌属、球腔菌属的相对丰度。随着灌溉水盐度的增加,细菌群落潜在生物标志物的数量逐渐减少,为4个、2个和1个,真菌群落潜在生物标志物数量在微咸水灌溉最高12个,咸水灌溉最低5个。细菌群落结构的改变与土壤含水量,容重和盐度的变化密切相关,而真菌群落结构的改变仅与土壤含水量显著相关。【结论】 盐分是驱动土壤细菌和真菌群落组成变化的主要因素。土壤细菌和真菌群落通过调节物种组成来适应盐胁迫,不同灌溉水盐度胁迫下土壤细菌和真菌群落会形成显著差异的物种。

关键词: 灌溉水盐度; 细菌群落多样性; 真菌群落多样性; LEfSe分析; 高通量测序

Abstract:

【Objective】 Thereby adversely affecting soil microbial communities. The objective of this field experiment is to explore the effects of long-term saline water irrigation on soil physicochemical properties, bacteria and fungi communities structure in cotton field.【Methods】 The three irrigation treatments were set: fresh water [electrical conductivity (ECw) = 0.35 dS/m], brackish water (ECw = 4.61 dS/m) and saline water (ECw = 8.04 dS/m). The diversity of soil bacterial and fungal community structure was measured by high-throughput sequencing method.【Results】 Compared with fresh water irrigation, irrigation with brackish water and saline water significantly increased soil salinity and bulk density, but decreased soil pH, organic matter and total nitrogen content. Brackish and saline water irrigation significantly increased bacterial OTUs, but saline water irrigation significantly decreased fungal OTUs. Saline water irrigation significantly increased Chao1 and ACE indexes of the bacterial community, but decreased Shannon index. Moreover, saline water irrigation decreased Chao1 and ACE indexes of the fungal community, and increased Simpson index. Brackish water and saline water irrigation significantly decreased the relative abundance of RB41, H16, Haliangium, Nitrospira, Lysobacter, Bryobacter, Acidobacteria_bacterium in the bacterial community, and Mortierella, Entoloma, Tetracladium in the fungi community. However, brackish water and saline water irrigation significantly increased the relative abundance of Sphingomonas, Gemmatimonas, Gaiella, Ilumatobacter, Solirubrobacter, Nocardioidesn of the bacterial community, and Curvularia and Mycosphaerella in the fungi community. According to LEfSe analysis, with the increase of irrigation water salinity, the number of indicator species of bacterial community gradually decreased to 4, 2 and 1, respectively. In addition, the number of indicator species of fungal community reached the highest of 12 indicator species in brackish water irrigation and the lowest of 5 indicator species in saline water irrigation. Redundant analysis results showed that the change of bacterial community structure was closely related to the change of soil water content, bulk density and salinity.【Conclusion】 Salinity is the main factor driving the change of soil bacterial and fungal community composition; Soil bacterial and fungal communities adapt to salinity stress by adjusting species composition; Soil bacterial and fungal communities form significantly different species under different irrigation water salinity.

Key words: irrigation water salinity; bacterial community diversity; fungal community diversity; LEfSe analysis; high-throughput sequencing

中图分类号:

S154.36

郭晓雯, 杜思垚, 王芳霞, 叶扬, 杨茂琪, 闵伟. 长期咸水滴灌对棉田土壤细菌和真菌群落结构的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(12): 2909-2923.

GUO Xiaowen, DU Siyao, WANG Fangxia, YE Yang, YANG Maoqi, MIN Wei. Effects of Long-Term Saline Water Irrigation on Soil Bacteria and Fungi Community Structure in Cotton Field[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(12): 2909-2923.

图/表 11

表1 不同处理下土壤理化性质变化

Table 1 Effects of different treatments on soil physical and chemical properties

处理 Treatment	含水量 Soil water content(%)	容重 Bulk density	电导率 ECe (dS/m)	pH (1∶2.5)	有机质 SOM (g/kg)	全氮 TN (g/kg)
FWN 360	13.35^c	1.27^b	3.01^c	7.96^a	17.83^a	0.74^a
BWN 360	14.63^b	1.34^a	7.35^b	7.76^b	17.21^b	0.70^b
SWN 360	18.23^a	1.38^a	11.61^a	7.75^b	16.97^b	0.65^c

表2 不同处理下土壤细菌群落丰富度和多样性指数变化

Table 2 Richness and diversity index of soil bacterial community in different treatments

处理 Treatment	测序片段 Reads	物种分类单元 OTUs	覆盖度 Coverage(%)	ACE指数 ACE index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	香浓指数 Shannon index
FWN 360	80 088^a	1 889^c	99.55^ab	1 952^b	1 968^b	0.002 8^a	6.64^b
BWN 360	80 053^a	2 000^a	99.62^a	2 048^a	2 058^a	0.002 8^a	6.69^a
SWN 360	80 181^a	1 950^b	99.51^b	2 025^a	2 047^a	0.003 0^a	6.60^c

表3 不同处理的土壤真菌群落丰富度和多样性指数

Table 3 Richness and diversity index of soil fungal community in different treatments

处理 Treatment	测序片段 Reads	物种分类单元 OTUs	覆盖度 Coverage(%)	ACE指数 ACE index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	辛普森指数 Simpson index	香浓指数 Shannon index
FWN 360	63 910^a	426^a	0.999 5^a	439^a	445^a	0.052 6^c	3.86^a
BWN 360	63 007^a	435^a	0.999 5^a	447^a	448^a	0.062 7^b	3.83^a
SWN 360	63 568^a	408^b	0.999 5^a	419^b	421^b	0.069 1^a	3.68^a

图1 细菌(a)和真菌(b)的稀释性曲线

Fig.1 Dilution curve of bacteria(a) and fungi (b)

图2 土壤细菌(a)和真菌(b)群落OTUs的维恩图

Fig.2 Venn diagram of the OTUs of the soil bacterial (a) and fungi (b) communities

图3 细菌(a)和真菌(b)群落的主成分分析(PCA)

Fig.3 Principal component analysis (PCA) of bacteria(a) and fungi(b) communities

图4 土壤细菌(a)和真菌(b)门水平的相对丰度(%)

Fig.4 The relative abundance (%) of dominant bacterial (a) and fungi (b) phylum in soil

图5 土壤细菌(a)和真菌(b)属水平的相对丰度(%)

Fig.5 The relative abundance (%) of dominant bacterial (a) and fungi (b) genus in soil

图6 土壤细菌(a, b)和真菌(c, d)群落的LEFSE差异

Fig.6 Lefse analysis of soil bacterial (a, b) and fungi (c, d) community

图7 细菌(a)和真菌(b)群落结构与土壤理化性质间RDA

Fig.7 Redundancy analysis (RDA) of correlations between soil physicochemical properties and the community structure of bacteria(a), fungi(b)

图8 细菌和真菌间的相关性网络注:不同颜色的圆圈代表物种,圆圈大小代表物种的丰度,线条代表两物种间相关,线的粗细代表相关性的强弱程度,橙色连线代表正相关,绿色连线代表负相关。

Fig.8 Correlation network of bacteria and fungi Note:The circles in different colors represent species, the size of the circles represents the abundance of species, the lines represent the comrelation between the two species, the thickness of the lines represents the degree of corelation, the orange lines reptesent positive corelation, and thegreen lines represent negative correlation

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