不同微生物菌处理对番茄土壤微生物多样性的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.020

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (9): 2248-2257.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.09.020

不同微生物菌处理对番茄土壤微生物多样性的影响

王丹丹¹(), 李燕¹, 张庆银¹, 李世东², 庞永超³, 马琨芝⁴, 马龙¹, 牛瑞生¹, 钟增明⁵, 齐连芬¹(), 师建华¹()

1.石家庄市农林科学研究院,石家庄 050041
2.中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京 100091
3.高邑县农业执法大队,河北高邑 051330
4.高邑县农业技术推广中心,河北高邑 051330,5.北京启高生物科技有限公司,北京 100000

收稿日期:2022-11-20 出版日期:2023-09-20 发布日期:2023-09-19
通信作者: 齐连芬(1972-),女,河北任丘人,推广研究员,硕士,研究方向为设施蔬菜栽培与生理,(E-mail)nkyqlf@163.com;
师建华(1966-),女,河北井陉人,正高级农艺师,研究方向为设施蔬菜栽培与生理,(E-mail)13785101151@163.com
作者简介:王丹丹(1991-),女,河北献县人,农艺师,硕士,研究方向为设施蔬菜栽培与生理,(E-mail)yuwenhanzhu@126.com
基金资助:
河北省重点研发计划项目(20326906D)

Effects of different microbial treatments on tomato soil microbial diversity

WANG Dandan¹(), LI Yan¹, ZHANG Qingyin¹, Li Shidong², PANG Yongchao³, MA Kunzhi⁴, MA Long¹, NIU Ruisheng¹, ZHONG Zengming⁵, QI Lianfen¹(), SHI Jianhua¹()

1. Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050041, China
2. Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100091, China
3. Gaoyi County Agricultural Law Enforcement Brigade, Gaoyi Hebei 051330,China
4. Gaoyi County Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Gaoyi Hebei 051330, China
5. Beijing Qigao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100000, China

Received:2022-11-20 Published:2023-09-20 Online:2023-09-19
Supported by:
Key R&D Program Project of Hebei Province(20326906D)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】评估不同微生物菌处理对番茄土壤微生物多样性的影响,为改善土壤微生物多样性、增加番茄产量提供理论依据与参考。【方法】以水果型番茄农博粉18109为试材,采用高通量测序技术,研究放线菌(T₁)、枯草芽孢杆菌(T₂)、哈茨木霉菌(T₃)3种微生物菌处理,以不施用微生物菌对照(CK)进行番茄土壤微生物多样性及与环境相关性的影响。【结果】哈茨木霉(T₃)处理的土壤中细菌含量最高,放线菌(T₁)处理的土壤中真菌含量最高,T₁、T₃的细菌和真菌的比例均大于对照,土壤微生物呈现“细菌化”。Alpha多样性显示T₁和T₃的细菌种类多于CK,T₁、T₂、T₃的真菌种类均少于CK;T₂处理的细菌Shannon和Simpson指数均低于CK,T₁和T₃处理的细菌Shannon和Simpson指数均高于CK,3种微生物菌处理的真菌Shannon和Simpson指数均高于CK。对照、放线菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、哈茨木霉4个处理间存在差异,相同处理间存在较强的一致性。T₁和T₃微生物菌处理的细菌和真菌多样性较为相似。细菌中Unspecified_iii1_15、Unspecified_RB41、Unspecified_Gemm_5、Unspecified_Syntrophobacteraceae、Kaistobacter为优势细菌属。真菌中Fusarium(镰刀菌属)、Unspecified_Chaetomiaceae(未分类毛壳菌科)、Unspecified_Pezizales、Unspecified_Hypocreales_fam_Incertae_sedis、Mortierella(被孢霉属)为优势真菌属,镰刀菌属(Fusarium)在4个不同处理中相对丰度最高。细菌和真菌中叶宽与微生物群落分布间的相关性均最小,叶长、株高、茎粗和产量与微生物群落分布间的相关性高;放线菌和哈茨木霉对番茄土壤微生物的影响相对较大,叶长、叶宽、茎粗与放线菌的相关性最高,产量与哈茨木霉的相关性最高。【结论】不同微生物菌处理对番茄土壤微生物多样性影响不同,但放线菌和哈茨木霉对番茄土壤微生物的影响相对较大,叶长、叶宽、茎粗与放线菌的相关性最高,哈茨木霉与产量的相关性最高。

关键词: 微生物菌; 番茄; 高通量测序; 微生物多样性

Abstract:

【Objective】 To evaluate the effects of different microbial treatments on tomato soil microbial diversity, and provide theoretical basis and reference for improving soil microbial diversity and increasing tomato yield.【Methods】 With fruit tomato Nongbo powder 18109 as the test material, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the effects of microbial bacteria on tomato soil microbial diversity and environmental relevance of one control (CK) treatment and three microbial bacteria treatments of Actinomycetes (T₁), Bacillus subtilis (T₂) and Trichoderma harzianum (T₃).【Results】 T₃ had the highest bacterial content, T₁ had the highest fungal content.The ratio of bacteria to fungi in T₁ and T₃ was greater than that of the CK, and soil microorganisms presented "bacterialization".Alpha diversity showed that T₁ and T₃ had more bacterial species than CK.T₁, T₂, and T₃ have fewer fungal species than CK.Shannon and Simpson indexes of bacteria treated with T₂ were lower than those of CK, and the Shannon and Simpson indexes of bacteria treated with T₁ and T₃ were lower.The Shannon and Simpson indexes of the fungi treated by the three microorganisms were higher than that of CK.There were differences among the four treatments of control, Actinomycetes, Bacillus subtilis, and Trichoderma harzianum, and there was a strong consistency among the same treatments.The bacterial and fungal diversity of T₁ and T₃ microbial treatments were similar.Among the bacteria, Unspecified_iii1_15,Unspecified_RB41, Unspecified_Gemm_5, Unspecified_Syntrophobacteraceae, Kaistobacter were the dominant bacterial genera.The relative abundance of Kastobacter in CK, T₁, and T₃ was the highest, and in T₂ the relative abundance of Bacillus was the highest.Among the fungi, Fusarium, Unspecified_Chaetomiaceae, Unspecified_Pezizales, Unspecified_Hypocreales_fam_Incertae_sedis, Mortierella were the dominant fungi, the relative abundance of Fusarium was the highest among the 4 different treatments.The correlation between leaf width and microbial community distribution in bacteria and fungi was the smallest, and the correlation between leaf length, plant height, stem thickness, yield and microbial community distribution was high.The effect of Actinomycetes and Trichoderma harzianum on tomato soil microorganisms was relatively strong.The correlation between leaf length, leaf width, stem thickness and Actinomycetes was the strongest, and the correlation between yield and Trichoderma harzianum was the strongest.【Conclusion】 Different microbial treatments have different effects on tomato soil microbial diversity, but Actinomycetes and Trichoderma harzianum havw relatively greater effects on tomato soil microorganisms, and leaf length, leaf width and stem diameter have the highest correlation with Actinomycetes, Trichoderma harzianum has the highest correlation with yield.

Key words: microbial bacteria; tomato; high-throughput sequencing; microbial diversity

中图分类号:

S641.2

王丹丹, 李燕, 张庆银, 李世东, 庞永超, 马琨芝, 马龙, 牛瑞生, 钟增明, 齐连芬, 师建华. 不同微生物菌处理对番茄土壤微生物多样性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2248-2257.

WANG Dandan, LI Yan, ZHANG Qingyin, Li Shidong, PANG Yongchao, MA Kunzhi, MA Long, NIU Ruisheng, ZHONG Zengming, QI Lianfen, SHI Jianhua. Effects of different microbial treatments on tomato soil microbial diversity[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(9): 2248-2257.

图/表 10

表1 土壤中的微生物数量

Tab.1 The number of microorganisms in the soil

处理 Treatment	细菌 Bacteria (10⁷CFU/g)	真菌 Fungi (10⁵CFU/g)	细菌/真菌 Bacteria/ Fungi
CK	67.9±7.3^b	42.1±2.3^ab	161.1
T₁	85.6±8.2^ab	48.6±5.4^a	176.3
T₂	64.4±5.8^b	42.3±7.0^ab	152.4
T₃	109.8±16.6^a	33.2±9.8^b	331.1

图1 土壤中细菌和真菌的OTU分布

Fig.1 OTU distribution of bacteria and fungi in soil

图2 细菌SHANNON (A)和SIMPSON (B)指数变化

Fig.2 Bacterial Shannon (A) and Simpson (B) indices.

图3 真菌Shannon (A)和Simpson (B)指数变化

Fig.3 Fungal Shannon (A) and Simpson (B) indices

图4 细菌NMDS分析

Fig.4 NMDS analysis of bacteria.

图5 细菌属水平聚类热图

Fig.5 Heat map of bacterial genus horizontal clustering

图6 真菌NMDS分析

Fig.6 NMDS analysis of fungi

图7 真菌属水平聚类热图

Fig.7 Horizontal clustering heat map of fungi genus

图8 土壤微生物群落在属水平上的相对丰度

Fig.8 Relative abundance of soil microbial communities at genus level

图9 样品与环境因子RDA

Fig.9 RDA analysis of samples and environmental factors

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不同微生物菌处理对番茄土壤微生物多样性的影响

Effects of different microbial treatments on tomato soil microbial diversity

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