氮磷减施与钾协同共效对加工番茄产量和养分吸收的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 系统分析氮磷减施与钾协同作用对加工番茄的生长、养分吸收分配和产量变化的影响,筛选出最适宜加工番茄生长的氮磷钾肥用量,为加工番茄的优质高产及高效栽培提供科学依据。【方法】 以加工番茄为研究对象,设5个处理。处理1:常规氮磷肥(常规NP);处理2:90%氮磷肥(90% NP);处理3:80%氮磷肥(80% NP);处理4:90%氮磷肥和钾肥(90% NP+K);处理5:80%氮磷肥和钾肥(80% NP+K)。每个处理重复3次。【结果】 氮磷减施条件下对加工番茄的品质无显著差异。与常规NP处理相比,90%NP、80%NP处理无显著降低加工番茄的生物量、产量和N、P、K的养分吸收量,90%NP处理优于80%NP处理。【结论】 氮磷肥减施条件下配施用钾肥,可以提高加工番茄的品质、产量和经济效益。

关键词: 氮磷钾肥; 产量; 生物量; 加工番茄

Abstract:

【Objective】 To systematically study the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus reduction and potassium synergism on the growth, nutrient absorption and distribution and yield change of processing tomato and screen the optimum amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for the growth by taking the processing tomato as the research object in the hope of providing scientific basis for the high-quality, high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation.【Methods】 Taking processed tomatoes as the research object,five treatments were set up in the experiment: treatment 1 conventional nitrogen phosphate fertilizer (conventional NP), treatment 2 90% nitrogen phosphate fertilizer (90% NP), treatment 3 80% nitrogen phosphate fertilizer (80% NP), treatment 4 90% nitrogen phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer (90% NP+K), treatment 5 80% nitrogen phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer (80% NP+K).Each process was repeated 3 times.【Results】 There was no significant difference in the quality of processing tomato under the condition of reduced nitrogen and phosphorus application.Compared with conventional NP treatment, 90% NP and 80% NP treatment did not significantly reduce the biomass, yield and N, P, K nutrient uptake of processing tomato, and 90% NP treatment was better than 80% NP treatment.【Conclusion】 The quality, yield and economic benefit of processing tomato can be improved by applying potassium fertilizer under the condition of reducing nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer.

Key words: phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; production; biomass; processing tomato

中图分类号:

S641.2

李亚莉, 哈丽哈什·依巴提, 唐亚莉, 段婧婧, 李青军. 氮磷减施与钾协同共效对加工番茄产量和养分吸收的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(12): 3014-3019.

LI Yali, Halihashi , TANG Yali, DUAN jingjing, LI Qingjun. Effect of NP reduction and K synergism on yield and nutrient absorption of processing tomato[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(12): 3014-3019.

图/表 6

图1 不同施肥处理下加工番茄产量(2020~2021)的变化

Fig.1 Changes of processing tomato yield under different fertilizer treatments (2020-2021)

图2 不同施肥处理下加工番茄生物量的变化

Fig.2 Changes of biomass of processing tomato fertilized with different treatments

图3 不同施肥处理下加工番茄N素吸收量的变化

Fig.3 Changes of N uptake of processing tomato under different treatments of fertilization

图4 不同施肥处理下加工番茄P吸收量的变化

Fig.4 Changes of P uptake of processing tomato under different fertilization treatments

图5 不同施肥处理下加工番茄K吸收量的变化

Fig.5 Changes of K absorption of processing tomato under different fertilization treatments

表1 加工番茄品质

Tab.1 Quality of processed tomato

年份 Years	处理 Treatments	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids (%)	VC (mg/100g)	色差 Chromatic aberration	总酸 Total acid (%)	茄红素 Lycopene (mg/100g)
	NPK	4.5	28.9	2.5	0.37	12.1
	0.8NP+T₁	4.4	29.5	2.4	0.36	11.8
2020	0.8NP+T₂	4.6	29.2	2.7	0.36	12.1
	0.8NP+T₃	4.7	28.8	2.5	0.37	11.7
	0.8NP+T₄	4.6	28.8	2.5	0.37	11.2
	sig	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	NPK	4.6	30.2	2.5	0.38	12.4
	0.8NP+T₁	4.8	29.1	2.6	0.37	11.9
2021	0.8NP+T₂	4.4	29.0	2.7	0.36	11.9
	0.8NP+T₃	4.6	29.1	2.5	0.36	12.0
	0.8NP+T₄	4.5	28.8	2.5	0.35	11.6
	sig	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

参考文献 17

[1]	李青军, 张炎, 胡伟, 等. 施肥方式对滴灌加工番茄干物质积累、养分吸收和产量的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2017(4): 93-98.
	LI Qingjun, ZHANG Yan, HU Wei, et al. Effects of fertilization on dry matter accumulation, nutrient uptake and yield of processing tomato under drip irrigation[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2017(4): 93-98.
[2]	Ercolano M R, Gomez L D, Andolfi A, et al. Residual biomass sacchm²rification in processing tomato is affected by cultivar and nitrogen fertilization[J]. Biomass and Bioenergy, 2015, 72: 242-250.
[3]	董环, 娄春荣, 王秀娟, 等. 氮、钾运筹对设施番茄产量、果实硝酸盐含量及土壤硝态氮含量的影响[J]. 江苏农业学报, 2019, 35(2): 378-383.
	DONG Huan, LOU Chunrong, WANG Xiujuan, et al. Effects of nitrogen and potassium application on tomato yield, fruit nitrate content and soil nitrate nitrogen content[J]. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 35(2): 378-383.
[4]	李亚莉, 陈雷, 张炎, 等. 缓释尿素与普通尿素配施对加工番茄产量和氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2019, 56(2): 345-352. DOI
	LI Yali, CHEN Lei, ZHANG Yan, et al. Effects of slow-release urea combined with ordinary urea on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of processing tomato[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 56(2): 345-352. DOI
[5]	王庆, 王丽, 赫崇岩, 等. 过量氮肥对不同蔬菜中硝酸盐积累的影响及调控措施研究[J]. 农业环境保护, 2000, 19(1): 46-49.
	WANG Qing, WANG Li, HE Chongyan, et al. Study on accumulation effect and control measure of nitrate with application ofExcessive nitrogenous fertilizer for different vegetables[J]. Agro-Environmental Protection, 2000, 19(1): 46-49.
[6]	方馨妍, 周杨, 汪燕, 等. 不同氮、磷、钾用量对菊花生长及养分吸收和分配的影响[J]. 南京农业大学学报, 2020, 43(6): 1015-1023.
	FANG Xinyan, ZHOU Yang, WANG Yan, et al. Effects of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application amounts on the growth, nutrient absorption and distribution of Chrysanthemum[J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2020, 43(6): 1015-1023.
[7]	聂大杭, 梁青, 张艳龙, 等. 不同氮肥用量对番茄养分含量、分布及产量的影响[J]. 内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 36(2): 31-34.
	NIE Dahang, LIANG Qing, ZHANG Yanlong, et al. Effect of different nitrogen application rates on the yield and the concentration and distribution of nutrients in tomato[J]. Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 2015, 36(2): 31-34.
[8]	齐红岩, 李天来, 富宏丹, 等. 不同氮钾施用水平对番茄营养吸收和土壤养分变化的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2006, 37(2): 2268-2272.
	QI Hongyan, LI Tiantai, FU Hongdan, et al. Effects of different rates of nitrogen and potassium on nutrient levels in tomato and soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2006, 37(2): 2268-2272.
[9]	张恩平, 张淑红, 李天来, 等. 有机肥与无机肥配施对菜田土壤氮磷钾养分含量的影响[J]. 黑龙江农业科学, 2001,(2): 5-8.
	ZHANG Enping, ZHANG Shuhong, LI Tianlai, et al. Effect of the organic fertilizer mixed with the chemical fertilizer on soil fertility[J]. Heilongjiang Agricultural Science, 2001,(2): 5-8.
[10]	鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析(3版)[M]. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000.
	BAO Shidan. Soil and agricultural chemistry analysis(3rd ed.)[M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000.
[11]	杨玉珍, 孟超然, 张新疆, 等. 氮、钾肥用量对膜下滴灌加工番茄产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2017,(1): 61-67.
	YANG Yuzhen, MENG Chaoran, ZHANG Xinjiang, et al. Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer on yield and quality of processing tomato under drip irrigation with plastic film mulching[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2017,(1): 61-67.
[12]	汤明尧, 张炎, 胡伟, 等. 施肥对加工番茄生长发育和养分吸收利用的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2009,(3): 26-30.
	TANG Mingyao, ZHANG Yan, HU Wei, et al. Effects of fertilization on growth and nutrient absorption of processing tomato[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2009,(3): 26-30.
[13]	张炎, 史军辉, 罗广华, 等. 新疆农田土壤养分与化肥施用现状及评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2006, 43(5): 375-379.
	ZHANG Yan, SHI Junhui, LUO Guanghua, et al. The status and evaluation on soil nutrient and fertilization in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2006, 43(5): 375-379.
[14]	任彦, 丁淑丽, 朱凤仙, 等. 钾对番茄果实番茄红素合成的影响[J]. 北方园艺, 2006,(6): 7-9.
	REN Yan, DING Shuli, ZHU Fengxian, et al. Effect of potassium levels on lycopene content in tomato fruits[J]. Northern Horticulture, 2006,(6): 7-9.
[15]	景博, 牛宁, 张文龙, 等. 不同施氮量对滴灌加工番茄根系构型的影响[J]. 排灌机械工程学报, 2021, 39(12): 1257-1263.
	JING Bo, NIU Ning, ZHANG Wenlong, et al. Effects of different nitrogen application rates on root architecture of processing tomatoes[J]. Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering, 2021, 39(12): 1257-1263.
[16]	哈丽哈什·依巴提, 张炎, 李青军. 新型尿素对加工番茄的产量和氮素利用率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2019, 56(2): 278-286. DOI
	Halihashi Yibati, ZHANG Yan, LI Qingjun. The effect of new-type urea on yield and nitrogen utilization of processing tomato[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2019, 56(2): 278-286. DOI
[17]	索东让. 土壤氮素养分对土壤供氮能力及氮肥效应的影响[J]. 磷肥与复肥, 2000, 15(6): 66-68.
	SUO Dongrang. Effect of soli Nnutrient on soil N-supplying capacity & availability of nitrogenous fertilizer[J]. Phosphate & Compound Fertilizer, 2000, 15(6): 66-68.