氮磷减施与钾协同共效对加工番茄产量和养分吸收的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.12.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 系统分析氮磷减施与钾协同作用对加工番茄的生长、养分吸收分配和产量变化的影响,筛选出最适宜加工番茄生长的氮磷钾肥用量,为加工番茄的优质高产及高效栽培提供科学依据。【方法】 以加工番茄为研究对象,设5个处理。处理1:常规氮磷肥(常规NP);处理2:90%氮磷肥(90% NP);处理3:80%氮磷肥(80% NP);处理4:90%氮磷肥和钾肥(90% NP+K);处理5:80%氮磷肥和钾肥(80% NP+K)。每个处理重复3次。【结果】 氮磷减施条件下对加工番茄的品质无显著差异。与常规NP处理相比,90%NP、80%NP处理无显著降低加工番茄的生物量、产量和N、P、K的养分吸收量,90%NP处理优于80%NP处理。【结论】 氮磷肥减施条件下配施用钾肥,可以提高加工番茄的品质、产量和经济效益。

关键词: 氮磷钾肥; 产量; 生物量; 加工番茄

Abstract:

【Objective】 To systematically study the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus reduction and potassium synergism on the growth, nutrient absorption and distribution and yield change of processing tomato and screen the optimum amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for the growth by taking the processing tomato as the research object in the hope of providing scientific basis for the high-quality, high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation.【Methods】 Taking processed tomatoes as the research object,five treatments were set up in the experiment: treatment 1 conventional nitrogen phosphate fertilizer (conventional NP), treatment 2 90% nitrogen phosphate fertilizer (90% NP), treatment 3 80% nitrogen phosphate fertilizer (80% NP), treatment 4 90% nitrogen phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer (90% NP+K), treatment 5 80% nitrogen phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer (80% NP+K).Each process was repeated 3 times.【Results】 There was no significant difference in the quality of processing tomato under the condition of reduced nitrogen and phosphorus application.Compared with conventional NP treatment, 90% NP and 80% NP treatment did not significantly reduce the biomass, yield and N, P, K nutrient uptake of processing tomato, and 90% NP treatment was better than 80% NP treatment.【Conclusion】 The quality, yield and economic benefit of processing tomato can be improved by applying potassium fertilizer under the condition of reducing nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer.

Key words: phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; production; biomass; processing tomato

中图分类号:

S641.2

李亚莉, 哈丽哈什·依巴提, 唐亚莉, 段婧婧, 李青军. 氮磷减施与钾协同共效对加工番茄产量和养分吸收的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(12): 3014-3019.

LI Yali, Halihashi , TANG Yali, DUAN jingjing, LI Qingjun. Effect of NP reduction and K synergism on yield and nutrient absorption of processing tomato[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(12): 3014-3019.

图/表 6

图1 不同施肥处理下加工番茄产量(2020~2021)的变化

Fig.1 Changes of processing tomato yield under different fertilizer treatments (2020-2021)

图2 不同施肥处理下加工番茄生物量的变化

Fig.2 Changes of biomass of processing tomato fertilized with different treatments

图3 不同施肥处理下加工番茄N素吸收量的变化

Fig.3 Changes of N uptake of processing tomato under different treatments of fertilization

图4 不同施肥处理下加工番茄P吸收量的变化

Fig.4 Changes of P uptake of processing tomato under different fertilization treatments

图5 不同施肥处理下加工番茄K吸收量的变化

Fig.5 Changes of K absorption of processing tomato under different fertilization treatments

表1 加工番茄品质

Tab.1 Quality of processed tomato

年份 Years	处理 Treatments	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids (%)	VC (mg/100g)	色差 Chromatic aberration	总酸 Total acid (%)	茄红素 Lycopene (mg/100g)
	NPK	4.5	28.9	2.5	0.37	12.1
	0.8NP+T₁	4.4	29.5	2.4	0.36	11.8
2020	0.8NP+T₂	4.6	29.2	2.7	0.36	12.1
	0.8NP+T₃	4.7	28.8	2.5	0.37	11.7
	0.8NP+T₄	4.6	28.8	2.5	0.37	11.2
	sig	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns
	NPK	4.6	30.2	2.5	0.38	12.4
	0.8NP+T₁	4.8	29.1	2.6	0.37	11.9
2021	0.8NP+T₂	4.4	29.0	2.7	0.36	11.9
	0.8NP+T₃	4.6	29.1	2.5	0.36	12.0
	0.8NP+T₄	4.5	28.8	2.5	0.35	11.6
	sig	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

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