新疆野果林不同植被土壤微生物多样性分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.017

新疆农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 62 ›› Issue (2): 401-411.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2025.02.017

新疆野果林不同植被土壤微生物多样性分析

刘雪冰¹(), 巴乐金², 边拜³, 乌兰·吾尚¹, 巴音达拉¹()

1.新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆生产建设兵团第九师团结农场中学,新疆塔城 834601
3.新疆塔城地区额敏县上户镇乡农业(畜牧业)发展中心,新疆塔城 834600

收稿日期:2024-07-14 出版日期:2025-02-20 发布日期:2025-04-17
通信作者: 巴音达拉(1982-),男,新疆额敏人,副教授,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为森林生态学及植物资源学,(E-mail) bayandala@xjau.edu.cn
作者简介:刘雪冰(1998-),女,甘肃庆阳人,硕士研究生,研究方向为森林生态学,(Email) 373885806@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31860127);新疆天然林保护工程项目;国家留学回国引进人才;新疆维吾尔自治区高层次引进人才

Study on soil microbial diversity under different vegetation in Xinjiang wild fruit forests

LIU Xuebing¹(), Balejin ², Bian Bai³, Wulan Wushang¹, Bayindala ¹()

1. College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Middle School of Unity Farm, the Ninth Agricultural Division, XPCC, Tacheng Xinjiang 834601, China
3. Agricultural Development Center of Shanghu Township, Emin County, Tacheng Xinjiang 834600, China

Received:2024-07-14 Published:2025-02-20 Online:2025-04-17
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860127);Xinjiang Provine's Natural Forestry Protection Project;National talent introduction Program for returned overseas students;High-level Talents introduced to Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究新疆野果林不同植被下土壤微生物多样性。【方法】选择环境条件相似的新疆野苹果优势林、新疆野杏优势林、多个树种共生林和林中草地4种不同类型的林地作为样地,采集4种样地的土壤进行理化性质测定,采用Illumina-MiSeq高通量测序技术探究4种样地土壤微生物的多样性和群落结构组成。【结果】(1)4种土壤中的全氮、全钾、有机碳和易氧化有机碳都无显著差异,而多个树种共生林内的全磷含量显著高于其他样地内土壤全磷的含量。(2)4种土壤中细菌的OTU数显著高于真菌,新疆野杏优势林的土壤细菌、真菌丰度最高,草地的土壤细菌、真菌丰度最低。新疆野苹果优势林内土壤细菌共鉴定出30门76纲135目185科233属,土壤真菌共鉴定出7门20纲40目70科90属;新疆野杏优势林内土壤细菌共鉴定出31门78纲141目183科220属,土壤真菌8门17纲35目69科94属;多个树种共生林内土壤细菌共鉴定出29门75纲137目179科221属,土壤真菌共鉴定出7门15纲31目53科72属;林中草地内土壤共鉴定出28门72纲126目162科201属,土壤真菌共鉴定出5门13纲35目61科84属。(3)门分类水平的细菌群落中,优势菌为放线菌门、酸杆菌门和变形菌门,在真菌群落中优势菌为子囊菌门、被孢霉门和担子菌门;属分类水平下,优势细菌属为RB41属和Rokubacteriales属,优势真菌属为Humicola属、被孢霉属和Linnemannia属。【结论】新疆野果林不同植被下土壤细菌群落多样性存在差异,林地的土壤微生物种类最丰富,而草地的土壤微生物种类较为贫乏。

关键词: 野果林; 土壤微生物; 高通量测序; 群落结构

Abstract:

【Objective】To study soil microbial diversity under different vegetation of Gongliu wild fruit forest. 【Methods】Four different types of forest land with similar environmental conditions, namely Malus sieversii dominant forest, Armeniaca vulgaris dominant forest, multi-species symbiotic forest and forest grassland, were selected as sample sites. The soil physical and chemical properties of the four sample sites were collected and determined. Illumina-MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to investigate the soil microbial diversity and community structure of the four sample sites.【Results】(1) There was no significant difference in total nitrogen, total potassium, organic carbon and easily oxidized organic carbon in the four soils, and total phosphorus content in the symbiotic forest of multiple tree species was significantly higher than that in the other plots. (2) The OTU number of bacteria in the four soil species was significantly higher than that of fungi, and the abundance of bacteria and fungi in the soil in the dominant forest of Armeniaca vulgaris was the highest, while the abundance of bacteria and fungi in the soil of grassland was the lowest. The soil bacteria in the dominant forest of Malus sieversii identified a total of 30 phylums, 76 phylums, 135 orders, 185 families and 233 genera, and the soil fungi identified a total of 7 phylums, 20 phylums, 40 orders, 70 families and 90 genera; the soil bacteria in the dominant forest of Armeniaca vulgaris identified a total of 31 phylums, 78 phylums, 141 orders, 183 families and 220 genera, and the soil fungi identified a total of 8 phylums, 17 phylums, 35 orders, 69 families and 94 genera; soil bacteria in the symbiotic forest of multiple species were identified as A total of 221 genera of soil bacteria and 7 genera of soil fungi were identified in 29 phylums, 75 phylums, 137 orders, 179 families, and 7 phylums, 15 orders, 31 families, 53 families and 72 genera; a total of 201 genera of soil bacteria were identified in 28 phylums, 72 phylums, 126 orders, 162 families, and 5 phylums, 13 orders, 35 families, 61 families and 84 genera of soil fungi were identified in soil of the grassland in the forest. (3) In the bacterial community at the phyla classification level, the dominant bacteria were Actinomycota, Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria, while in the fungal community, the dominant bacteria were ascomycetes, mortieromycota and basidiomycota. At the genus level, the dominant bacteria genera are RB41 and Rokubacteriales, and the dominant fungi genera are Humicola, Mortierella and Linnemannia. 【Conclusion】There were differences in the diversity of soil bacterial communities under different vegetation in Gongliu wild fruit forest. The soil microbial species of forest land was the most abundant, while the soil microbial species of grassland was relatively poor.

Key words: wild fruit forest; soil microbial; high throughput sequencing; community structure

中图分类号:

S188

刘雪冰, 巴乐金, 边拜, 乌兰·吾尚, 巴音达拉. 新疆野果林不同植被土壤微生物多样性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2025, 62(2): 401-411.

LIU Xuebing, Balejin , Bian Bai, Wulan Wushang, Bayindala . Study on soil microbial diversity under different vegetation in Xinjiang wild fruit forests[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2025, 62(2): 401-411.

图/表 11

表1 不同样地的基本参数

Tab.1 Basic parameters for different sites

样地 Sample area	海拔 Elevation (m)	坡度 Slope (°)	坡向 Aspect	土壤水分 Soil moisture (%)	草本盖度 Herb coverage (%)	优势种 Dominant	其他物种 Other species
M	1 250.9	31	西北	11.8	65	新疆野苹果	小檗、忍冬、疏花蔷薇
A	1 325.3	25	东北	8.7	50	新疆野杏	忍冬、小檗
H	1 249.2	23	东北	9.5	55	新疆野苹果、新疆野杏	野山楂、忍冬、小檗
CK	1 268.5	13	东北	5.6	87	鸭茅	灰绿藜、车轴草

表2 不同植被下土壤的基本理化性质

Tab.2 Basic physical and chemical properties of soil under different vegetation

植被 Vegetation	全氮TN Total nitrogen (g/kg)	全磷TP Total phosphorus (g/kg)	全钾TK Total kalium (g/kg)	总有机碳TOC Total organic carbon (g/kg)	活性有机碳LOC Labile organic carbon (g/kg)
A	6.03±2.05^a	0.95±0.04^a	21.95±1.80^a	69.74±26.08^a	7.55±2.33^a
M	4.56±0.47^a	0.98±0.10^a	24.09±2.44^a	53.42±12.54^a	7.00±0.47^a
H	4.96±0.61^a	1.37±0.10^b	24.53±0.60^a	60.45±8.15^a	7.27±2.05^a
CK	5.22±0.90^a	0.79±0.03^a	21.50±1.22^a	59.24±4.89^a	6.43±0.91^a

图1 不同植被下土壤微生物的稀疏曲线注:A: 野杏优势林;M: 新疆野苹果优势林;H: 多个树种共生林地;CK: 林中草地,下同

Fig.1 Sparse curve of soil microorganisms under different vegetation Notes: A: Armeniaca vulgaris dominant forest; M: Malus sieversii dominant forest;H: symbiotic forest of multiple species; CK: forest grassland,the same as below

图2 不同植被下基于土壤微生物OTUs的Venn图注:Venn图中每个色块代表一个样本,色块间的重叠区域指示相应样本间所共有的OTUs数目,没有重叠部分的数字代表样本特有的OTUs个数

Fig.2 Venn diagram based on soil microbial OTUs under different vegetation Notes: In the Venn figure, each color block represents a sample, and the overlapping area between the color blocks indicates the number of OTUs shared among the corresponding samples, while the number without overlapping part represents the number of OTUs unique to the sample

表3 不同植被下土壤微生物物种分类统计

Tab.3 Classification statistics of species of soil microorganisms under different vegetation

微生物 Microorganism	植被 Veget- ation	门 Phylum	纲 Class	目 Order	科 Family	属 Genus
细菌 Bacteria	A	31	78	141	183	220
	M	30	76	135	185	233
	H	29	75	137	179	221
	CK	28	72	126	162	201
真菌 Fungus	A	8	17	35	69	94
	M	7	20	40	70	90
	H	7	15	31	53	72
	CK	5	13	35	61	84

图3 门分类水平上不同植被下土壤细菌群落组成

Fig.3 Soil bacterial community composition under different vegetation at the phylum classification level

图4 属分类水平上不同植被下土壤细菌群落组成

Fig.4 Soil bacterial community composition under different vegetation at the genus classification level

图5 门分类水平上不同植被下土壤真菌群落组成

Fig.5 Soil fungal community composition under different vegetation at the phylum classification level

图6 属分类水平上不同植被下土壤真菌群落组成

Fig.6 Soil fungal community composition under different vegetation at the genus classification level

表4 Alpha多样性分析

Tab.4 The Alpha diversity analysis

植被 Vegetation	细菌Bacteria			真菌Fungus
植被 Vegetation	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	Shanoon指数 Shanoon index	Simpson指数 Simpson index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	Shanoon指数 Shanoon index	Simpson指数 Simpson index
A	2 613.100±77.966^a	10.357±0.023^a	0.999±0.000^a	247.414±0.808^a	6.100±0.136^a	0.971±0.004^a
M	2 500.770±20.223^a	10.300±0.010^a	0.999±0.000^a	221.721±37.228^a	5.892±0.007^ab	0.966±0.007^a
H	2 548.895±66.518^a	10.346±0.030^a	0.999±0.000^a	197.012±1.431^a	5.468±0.062^bc	0.947±0.012^a
CK	2 195.570±125.823^b	10.036±0.100^b	0.998±0.000^b	228.014±5.782^a	5.316±0.327^c	0.929±0.035^a

图7 细菌和真菌 PCoA 分析图(OTU level) 注:第1主成分轴(PCo1)和第2主成分轴(PCo2)表示2个选定的主坐标轴,坐标轴括号中的百分比代表了对应的坐标轴所能解释的样本差异数据的比例;PCo1 轴和 PCo2轴的刻度是相对距离,无实际意义;不同颜色的点代表不同的样本,2样本点越接近,2样本的物种组成越相似

Fig.7 PCoA analysis diagram of bacteria and fungus on OTU level Notes: The first principal component axis (PCo1) and the second principal component axis (PCo2) represent the two selected principal axes, and the percentage in the brackets represents the proportion of the sample difference data that can be explained by the corresponding axes.The scale of PCo1 axis and PCo2 axis is relative distance, which has no practical significance; Different colored dots represent different samples, and the closer the two sample points are, the more similar the species composition of the two samples is

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新疆野果林不同植被土壤微生物多样性分析

Study on soil microbial diversity under different vegetation in Xinjiang wild fruit forests

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