阿克苏富士苹果烟富3号化学疏花疏果的效果

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.10.016

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (10): 2470-2478.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.10.016

• 园艺特产·农产品加工工程 • 上一篇下一篇

阿克苏富士苹果烟富3号化学疏花疏果的效果

冯贝贝¹(), 梅闯¹, 王磊¹^,², 耿文娟², 阿孜古丽·衣该木¹, 闫鹏¹(), 王继勋¹()

1.新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
2.新疆农业大学园艺学院,乌鲁木齐 830052

收稿日期:2023-01-30 出版日期:2023-10-20 发布日期:2023-11-01
通信作者: 闫鹏(1981-),男,江苏南通人,副研究员,研究方向果树资源栽培与育种,(E-mail)xaasyysyp@163.com;
王继勋(1965-),男,安微砀山人,研究员,研究方向为果树资源与育种,(E-mail)ee_wjx@163.com
作者简介:冯贝贝(1990-),女,河南平舆人,助理研究员,研究方向果树育种与栽培生理,(E-mail)Fengbeibei@xaas.ac.cn
基金资助:
财政部和农业农村部:国家现代苹果产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-27);新疆维吾尔自治区林业发展资金补助资金项目(XJLYKJ-2021-15)

Study on the effect of chemical flower and fruit thinning on aksu fuji apple Yanfu 3

FENG Beibei¹(), MEI Chuang¹, WANG Lei¹^,², GENG Wenjuan², Aziguli Yigaimu¹, YAN Peng¹(), WANG Jixun¹()

1. Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
2. College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China

Received:2023-01-30 Published:2023-10-20 Online:2023-11-01
Supported by:
China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-27);Autonomous Region Forestry Development Fund Grant Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(XJLYKJ-2021-15)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 对比不同浓度化学疏花疏果剂对阿克苏富士苹果烟富3号的疏除效果,筛选出适合阿克苏富士苹果化学疏花疏果的浓度,为控制人工疏花疏果的成本、调控果树负载量、提高果实品质、削弱果树大小年现象提供参考。【方法】 采用正交试验设计,筛选出适宜阿克苏富士苹果烟富3号疏花疏果的时期及浓度。采用智舒优花和智舒优果药剂,共设置9个处理,以清水对照,检测果实品质,分析各处理对果实品质的影响。【结果】 处理F₂的疏除率、单双果率最高分别为46%、88%,处理F₂和处理F₉的双果以上比率最低分别为11.67%、13.17%,处理F₉的单果率最高为58.83%。除处理F₁,其余处理对果实品质均无不良影响。采用人工疏花疏果需5.5个人工、费用1 100元/667 m²,而使用化学疏花疏果剂后人工配合疏花疏果只需2个人工、费用为450~650元/667m²。【结论】 疏花疏果剂对富士苹果树的疏除情况明显且稳定,其中处理F₂疏除效果最好,处理F₉次之。除处理F₁外,剩余处理对果实品质均无不良影响。9组处理均可减少疏果人工3.5个,节约成本均在40%以上。

关键词: 苹果; 化学药剂; 正交试验; 疏花疏果; 果实品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 To compare the effect of different concentrations of flower and fruit chemical agents on Aksu Fuji apple Yanfu 3, and then screen out the concentrations of chemical thinning agents suitable for the apple in the hope of providing a reference for controling the cost of artificial flower thinning and fruit thinning, regulating the load of fruit trees, weakening the phenomenon of small and large fruit trees, and providing reference for improving the fruit quality.【Methods】 The orthogonal test design was used to screen the appropriate time and concentration for flower thinning and fruit thinning of Aksu Fuji apple Yanfu 3.With the use of Zithromax Flower and Zithromax Fruit remedies, 9 treatments were set up, and a water control was set up.The effect of each treatment on fruit quality was analyzed by testing the fruit quality.【Results】 Treatment F₂ had the highest rate of thinning and single and double fruit rate of 46% and 88%, respectively, while treatment F₂ and treatment F₉ had the lowest rate of more than double fruit of 11.67% and 13.17%, respectively, and treatment F₉ had the highest single fruit rate of 58.83%.Except for treatment F₁, all the treatments had no adverse effect on fruit quality.Manual thinning required 5.5 laborers at a cost of 1,100 YUAN/667 m², while the use of chemical flower and fruit thinners required only 2 laborers at a cost of 450 YUAN/667 m² to 650 YUAN/667 m².【Conclusion】 The thinners used in this study showed significant and stable thinning of Fuji apple trees, with treatment F₂ having the best thinning effect and treatment F₉ the second best.Except for treatment F₁, the remaining treatments had no adverse effect on fruit quality, and all nine groups of treatments reduced the number of thinning labor by 3.5, saving more than 40% of the cost.

Key words: apple; chemical agent; orthogonal test design; flower and fruit thinning; fruit quality

中图分类号:

S661.1

冯贝贝, 梅闯, 王磊, 耿文娟, 阿孜古丽·衣该木, 闫鹏, 王继勋. 阿克苏富士苹果烟富3号化学疏花疏果的效果[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(10): 2470-2478.

FENG Beibei, MEI Chuang, WANG Lei, GENG Wenjuan, Aziguli Yigaimu, YAN Peng, WANG Jixun. Study on the effect of chemical flower and fruit thinning on aksu fuji apple Yanfu 3[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(10): 2470-2478.

图/表 11

参考文献 32

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水平 Level	A中心花开放程度 A Degree of centerpieceo- pening(%)	B果实直径 B Fruit diameter (mm)	C疏花剂 (倍) C Flower thinning agent (times)	D疏果剂 (倍) D Fruit thinning agent (times)
1	25	6~7	100	300
2	50	8~10	200	400
3	75	11~12	300	500

水平 Level	A中心花开放程度 A Degree of centerpieceo- pening(%)	B果实直径 B Fruit diameter (mm)	C疏花剂 (倍) C Flower thinning agent (times)	D疏果剂 (倍) D Fruit thinning agent (times)
1	25	6~7	100	300
2	50	8~10	200	400
3	75	11~12	300	500

处理 Treat- ment	中心花开放程度 Degree of centerpiece- opening(%)	果实直径 Fruit diameter (mm)	疏花剂 (倍) Flower thinning agent (times)	疏果剂 (倍) Fruit thinners (times)
F₁	25	6~7	100	300
F₂	25	8~10	200	400
F₃	25	11~12	300	500
F₄	50	6~7	200	500
F₅	50	8~10	300	300
F₆	50	11~12	100	400
F₇	75	6~7	300	400
F₈	75	8~10	100	500
F₉	75	11~12	200	300

处理 Treat- ment	中心花开放程度 Degree of centerpiece- opening(%)	果实直径 Fruit diameter (mm)	疏花剂 (倍) Flower thinning agent (times)	疏果剂 (倍) Fruit thinners (times)
F₁	25	6~7	100	300
F₂	25	8~10	200	400
F₃	25	11~12	300	500
F₄	50	6~7	200	500
F₅	50	8~10	300	300
F₆	50	11~12	100	400
F₇	75	6~7	300	400
F₈	75	8~10	100	500
F₉	75	11~12	200	300

处理 Treatment	空台率 Empty rate (%)	疏除率 Removal rate (%)	单果率 Single fruit rate (%)	双果率 Double fruit rate (%)	双果以上比率 Double fruit rate or more (%)
F₁	34.17±6.10^ab	34.17±6.10^ab	33.67±6.79^c	36.50±2.64^abc	41.17±8.18^a
F₂	46.00±4.78^a	46.00±4.78^a	51.83±2.61^a	25.17±1.68^a	11.67±2.35^b
F₃	37.50±4.99^ab	37.50±5.00^ab	23.00±2.63^c	34.17±4.43^abc	52.17±3.37^a
F₄	28.17±6.62^ab	28.17±6.62^ab	47.83±3.05^ab	23.83±3.91^ab	18.00±6.70^b
F₅	31.00±7.55^ab	31.00±7.55^ab	29.17±6.93^c	22.50±2.09^bc	47.00±10.10^a
F₆	27.83±5.78^ab	27.83±5.78^ab	29.67±2.01^c	27.83±5.00^bc	48.00±1.39^a
F₇	43.83±2.69^a	36.00±5.03^ab	34.67±2.38^bc	18.67±5.28^abc	40.50±2.63^a
F₈	36.00±5.03^ab	40.50±9.45^a	37.17±6.53^bc	19.83±2.90^c	44.50±11.74^a
F₉	40.50±9.45^a	43.83±2.69^a	58.83±5.21^a	25.00±1.69^abc	13.17±1.42^b
CK	17.83±6.77^b	17.67±6.70^b	29.67±2.94^c	19.83±2.90^c	50.50±2.69^a

阿克苏富士苹果烟富3号化学疏花疏果的效果

Study on the effect of chemical flower and fruit thinning on aksu fuji apple Yanfu 3

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处理 Treat- ment	疏花剂用药量 Flower thinning agent dosage (g/667m²)	疏果剂用药量 Fruit thinning agent dosage (g/667m²)	疏花剂费用 Flower thinning agent cost (元/667m²)	疏果剂费用 Cost of fruit thinners (元/667m²)	打药人工费 Labor cost for dosing (元/667m²)	机械燃油 Mechanical fuel (元/667m²)	人工单价 Labor unit price (元/d)	人工 Artificial (个/667m²)	总成本 Total cost (元/667m²)	对照人工疏花疏果节约成本 Cost saving against manual flower and fruit thinning (%)
F₁	990	495	160	53.3	6.7	5.38	200	2	625.38	43.15
F₂	742.5	371.25	80	40	6.7	5.38	200	2	532.08	51.63
F₃	495	297	53.3	32	6.7	5.38	200	2	497.38	54.78
F₄	742.5	297	80	32	6.7	5.38	200	2	524.08	52.36
F₅	495	495	53.3	53.3	6.7	5.38	200	2	518.68	52.85
F₆	990	371.25	160	40	6.7	5.38	200	2	612.08	44.36
F₇	495	371.25	53.3	40	6.7	5.38	200	2	505.38	54.06
F₈	990	297	160	32	6.7	5.38	200	2	604.08	45.08
F₉	742.5	495	80	53.3	6.7	5.38	200	2	545.38	50.42
人工疏花 Artificial thinning of flowers							200	5.5	1 100

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