苹果杂种后代抗寒性遗传规律分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究新疆北疆苹果杂种后代抗寒性的遗传规律,筛选出抗寒性强的苹果新品种,为新疆苹果抗寒选育奠定基础。【方法】以苹果品种花红×元帅、国光×花红、冬立蒙×花红等3个组合的杂种一代(F₁代),以及赤阳×新红(花红×元帅)、金冠×新光(国光×花红)、金冠×新冬(冬立蒙×花红) 等3个组合的杂种二代(F₂)代为材料,分析苹果杂种F₁代、F₂代抗寒力性状和F₁代与大苹果重交的后代抗寒力遗传倾向,以及抗寒小苹果与大苹果正反交杂种组合的抗寒力。【结果】抗寒力杂种苗统计,F₁代为26.45%,而F₂代仅1.35%,F₂代较F₁代降低了25.1%。F₂代均比F₁代变异率高。其中以金冠×新光(国光×花红)组合变异率最高。各级次出现株数顺序为4级>2级>3级>1级>0级。【结论】抗寒小苹果与不抗寒大苹果杂交,杂种后代在抗寒力受小苹果影响很大,小苹果有很强的遗传能力,以抗寒力强的F₁代作亲本与大苹果杂交,F₂代抗寒力显著降低;用不抗寒大苹果和抗寒小苹果互为父母本杂交时,以抗寒小苹果为母本显著优于其作父本者。

关键词: 苹果; 杂种后代; 抗寒性; 遗传规律

Abstract:

【Objective】This project aims to screen out new apple varieties with strong cold hardiness by studying the heredity disciplinarian of cold hardiness in apple hybrid progenies, so as to lay a foundation for the development of coldhardiness breeding of apples in North Xinjiang.【Methods】The F₁ generations hybrid progeny of Huahong×uanshuai, Guoguang×Huahong, Donglimeng×Huahong, and the F₂ generations hybrid progeny of Chiyang×Xinhong (Huahong×Yuanshuai), Jinguan×Xinguang (Guoguang×Huahong), Jinguan×Xindong (Donglimeng×Huahong), were used as test materials.The genetic tendency of cold hardiness in the first and second generations of apple hybrids, the offspring of recrossing between F₁ generation and big apple, and the reciprocal hybrid combinations of small apple with cold resistance and big apple were investigated.【Results】F₁ has a cold resistance of 26.45%,and F₂ is only 1.35%,The F₂ generation has decreased by 25.1% compared the F₁ generation.F₂ generation has a higher mutation rate than F₁ generation,among them,the combination of Jinguan×Xinguang(Guoguang×Huahong)has the highest variation rate.The order of the number of plants appearing at each level is level 4>level 2>level 3>level 1>level 0.【Conclusion】After the small cold resistance apples were hybridized with excellent big apples, the cold hardiness of filial generation was affected greatly by small apples.Small apples had strong hereditary capacity.When F₁ generation with strong cold hardiness was crossed with big apple, the cold resistance of F₂ generation decreased significantly.When reciprocal cross between the big apples without cold hardiness and small apples with cold hardiness were carried out, the small apples with cold hardiness as female parents were significantly better than them as male parents.

Key words: apple; hybrid progeny; cold hardiness, heredity rule

中图分类号:

S661.1

宋梅, 布卡·欧尔娜, 李国萍, 凌益章. 苹果杂种后代抗寒性遗传规律分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(7): 1689-1695.

SONG Mei, Buka Ouerna, LI Guoping, LING Yizhang. Studies on the heredity disciplinarian of cold hardiness of hybrids progenies of apples in northern Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(7): 1689-1695.

图/表 3

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组合 Combination	子代株系数 Plants of F₁,F₂ generation	亲中值 Parents mean	子代抗寒力平均数 Average Cold Hardiness of hybrids progenies	CV (%)	子代抗寒力分布级次 Hybrids progenies’ Cold Hardiness grade distinction					各级子代比例 Each grade hybrid progency’s proportion (%)					组合传递力 Heritability of combin- ation (%)
组合 Combination	子代株系数 Plants of F₁,F₂ generation	亲中值 Parents mean	子代抗寒力平均数 Average Cold Hardiness of hybrids progenies	CV (%)	0	1	2	3	4	强 Strong	较强 Rather strong	中 Middle	较弱 Rather feebleness	弱 Feebleness	组合传递力 Heritability of combin- ation (%)
花红×元帅(F₁) Huahong×Delicious 国光×花红(F₁) Ralls Janet×Huahong 冬立蒙×花红(F₁) Donglimeng×Huahong	208	3.17	2.63±1.13	42.97	20	35	14	126	13	9.62	16.83	6.73	60.57	6.25	82.97
赤阳×新红(花红×元帅)(F₂) Chiyang×Xinhong 金冠×新光(国光×花红)(F₂) Golden Delicious×Xinguang 金冠×新冬(冬立蒙×花红)(F₂) Golden Delicious×Xindong	371	2.50	1.94±0.85	43.81	0	5	106	120	140	0.00	1.35	28.57	32.34	37.74	77.6

组合 Combination	子代株系数 Plants of F₁,F₂ generation	亲中值 Parents mean	子代抗寒力平均数 Average Cold Hardiness of hybrids progenies	CV (%)	子代抗寒力分布级次 Hybrids progenies’ Cold Hardiness grade distinction					各级子代比例 Each grade hybrid progency’s proportion (%)					组合传递力 Heritability of combin- ation (%)
组合 Combination	子代株系数 Plants of F₁,F₂ generation	亲中值 Parents mean	子代抗寒力平均数 Average Cold Hardiness of hybrids progenies	CV (%)	0	1	2	3	4	强 Strong	较强 Rather strong	中 Middle	较弱 Rather feebleness	弱 Feebleness	组合传递力 Heritability of combin- ation (%)
花红×元帅(F₁) Huahong×Delicious 国光×花红(F₁) Ralls Janet×Huahong 冬立蒙×花红(F₁) Donglimeng×Huahong	208	3.17	2.63±1.13	42.97	20	35	14	126	13	9.62	16.83	6.73	60.57	6.25	82.97
赤阳×新红(花红×元帅)(F₂) Chiyang×Xinhong 金冠×新光(国光×花红)(F₂) Golden Delicious×Xinguang 金冠×新冬(冬立蒙×花红)(F₂) Golden Delicious×Xindong	371	2.50	1.94±0.85	43.81	0	5	106	120	140	0.00	1.35	28.57	32.34	37.74	77.6

组合 Combination	子代株系数 Plants of F₁,F₂ generation	亲中值 Parents mean	子代抗寒力平均数 Average Cold Hardiness of hybrids progenies	CV (%)	子代抗寒力分布级次 Hybrids progenies’ Cold Hardiness grade distinction					各级子代比例 Each grade hybrid progency’s proportion (%)					组合传递力 Heritability of combin- ation (%)
组合 Combination	子代株系数 Plants of F₁,F₂ generation	亲中值 Parents mean	子代抗寒力平均数 Average Cold Hardiness of hybrids progenies	CV (%)	0	1	2	3	4	强 Strong	较强 Rather strong	中 Middle	较弱 Rather feebleness	弱 Feebleness	组合传递力 Heritability of combin- ation (%)
花红×元帅(F₁) Huahong×Delicious 赤阳×新红(花红×元帅)(F₂) Chiyang×Xinhong	83 77	3.00 2.50	2.67±1.09 2.07±0.99	40.82 47.83	7 0	17 1	3 37	54 5	2 34	8.43 0	20.48 1.00	3.60 48.25	65.09 6.49	2.40 44.26	89.00 82.80
国光×花红(F₁) Ralls Janet×Huahong 金冠×新光(国光×花红)(F₂) Golden Delicious×Xinguang	118 54	3.00 2.50	2.55±1.15 1.76±1.01	45.10 57.39	13 0	13 2	11 19	70 3	11 30	11.07 0	11.07 3.80	9.30 35.18	59.26 5.55	9.30 55.47	85.00 70.40
金冠×新冬(冬立蒙×花红) (F₂) Golden Delicious×Xindong 金冠×新光(国光×花红) (F₂) Golden Delicious×Xinguang	240 54	2.50 2.50	1.91±0.74 1.76±1.01	38.74 57.39	0 0	2 2	50 19	112 3	76 30	0 0	1.00 3.80	20.83 35.18	46.50 5.55	31.67 55.47	76.40 70.40

组合 Combination	子代株系数 Plants of F₁,F₂ generation	亲中值 Parents mean	子代抗寒力平均数 Average Cold Hardiness of hybrids progenies	CV (%)	子代抗寒力分布级次 Hybrids progenies’ Cold Hardiness grade distinction					各级子代比例 Each grade hybrid progency’s proportion (%)					组合传递力 Heritability of combin- ation (%)
组合 Combination	子代株系数 Plants of F₁,F₂ generation	亲中值 Parents mean	子代抗寒力平均数 Average Cold Hardiness of hybrids progenies	CV (%)	0	1	2	3	4	强 Strong	较强 Rather strong	中 Middle	较弱 Rather feebleness	弱 Feebleness	组合传递力 Heritability of combin- ation (%)
花红×元帅(F₁) Huahong×Delicious 赤阳×新红(花红×元帅)(F₂) Chiyang×Xinhong	83 77	3.00 2.50	2.67±1.09 2.07±0.99	40.82 47.83	7 0	17 1	3 37	54 5	2 34	8.43 0	20.48 1.00	3.60 48.25	65.09 6.49	2.40 44.26	89.00 82.80
国光×花红(F₁) Ralls Janet×Huahong 金冠×新光(国光×花红)(F₂) Golden Delicious×Xinguang	118 54	3.00 2.50	2.55±1.15 1.76±1.01	45.10 57.39	13 0	13 2	11 19	70 3	11 30	11.07 0	11.07 3.80	9.30 35.18	59.26 5.55	9.30 55.47	85.00 70.40
金冠×新冬(冬立蒙×花红) (F₂) Golden Delicious×Xindong 金冠×新光(国光×花红) (F₂) Golden Delicious×Xinguang	240 54	2.50 2.50	1.91±0.74 1.76±1.01	38.74 57.39	0 0	2 2	50 19	112 3	76 30	0 0	1.00 3.80	20.83 35.18	46.50 5.55	31.67 55.47	76.40 70.40

组合 Combination	子代株系数 Plants of F₁,F₂ generation	亲中值 Parents mean	子代抗寒力平均数 Average Cold Hardiness of hybrids progenies	CV (%)	子代抗寒力分布级次 Hybrids progenies’ Cold Hardiness grade distinction					各级子代比例 Each grade hybrid progency’s proportion (%)					组合传递力 Heritability of combin- ation (%)
组合 Combination	子代株系数 Plants of F₁,F₂ generation	亲中值 Parents mean	子代抗寒力平均数 Average Cold Hardiness of hybrids progenies	CV (%)	0	1	2	3	4	强 Strong	较强 Rather strong	中 Middle	较弱 Rather feebleness	弱 Feebleness	组合传递力 Heritability of combin- ation (%)
花红×国光 (F₁) Huahong×Ralls Janet 国光×花红 (F₁) Ralls Janet×Huahong	93 118	3.00 3.00	2.67±1.12 2.55±1.15	43.18 45.10	16 13	14 13	17 11	36 70	10 11	17.2 11.07	15.1 11.07	18.3 9.30	38.7 59.26	10.8 9.30	100.76 85.00
新光(国光×花红)×金冠(F₂) Xinguang×Golden Delicious 金冠×新光(国光×花红) (F₂) Golden Delicious×Xinguang	36 54	2.50 2.50	1.98±1.34 1.76±1.01	58.88 57.39	1 0	4 2	10 19	7 3	14 30	2.8 0	11.1 3.80	27.8 35.18	19.4 5.55	38.9 55.47	68.51 70.40