基于多光谱无人机不同飞行高度下苹果树冠幅信息的提取

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.021

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (6): 1468-1476.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.06.021

• 植物保护•土壤肥料•节水灌溉 • 上一篇下一篇

基于多光谱无人机不同飞行高度下苹果树冠幅信息的提取

张振飞¹(), 郭靖², 颜安¹(), 袁以琳¹, 肖淑婷¹, 侯正清¹, 孙哲¹

1.新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆林业科学院园林绿化研究所,乌鲁木齐 830092

收稿日期:2023-10-28 出版日期:2024-06-20 发布日期:2024-08-08
通信作者: 颜安(1983-),男,四川安岳人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为数字农业、农业资源与环境,(E-mail) zryanan@163.com
作者简介:张振飞(1998-),男,河南安阳人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业信息化,(E-mail)1291716283@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆杏李、杏等主要果树抗寒关键技术研究(2023B02026)

Study on extraction of apple tree crown width at different flight altitudes using multi-spectral UAV

ZHANG Zhenfei¹(), GUO Jing², YAN An¹(), YUAN Yilin¹, XIAO Shuting¹, HOU Zhengqing¹, SUN Zhe¹

1. College of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Institute of Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences, Urumqi 830092, China

Received:2023-10-28 Published:2024-06-20 Online:2024-08-08
Correspondence author: YAN An (1983-), male, from Anyue, Sichuan, professor,doctoral supervisor, Ph.D., research direction:digital agricultural technology, agricultural resources and environment,(E-mail)zryanan@163.com
Supported by:
PResearch on Key Techniques for Cold Resistance in Major Fruit Trees Such as Xinjiang Apricots (Prunus armeniaca) and Plums (Prunus domestica × armeniaca)(2023B02026)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】利用无人机多光谱影像分割并提取苹果树树冠冠幅信息,实现无人机遥感技术监测苹果树树冠信息,并分析无人机飞行高度对冠幅提取精度的影响。【方法】利用大疆精灵4多光谱无人机分别获取30、60和90m飞行高度的苹果树多光谱影像,经大疆智图(DJI Terra)软件处理生成DOM和DSM影像数据,利用多尺度分割法和阈值分类对苹果树树冠进行分割并提取目标树的东西、南北冠幅值,以目视解译分割树冠和实地测量的100株果树冠幅值为参考进行精度验证。【结果】30 m飞行高度的单木树冠分割准确率为84.00%,东西、南北冠幅平均提取精度为91.15%,平均R²为0.785 9,平均RMSE为0.216 6 m;60 m飞行高度的单木树冠分割准确率为81.00%,东西、南北冠幅平均提取精度为90.31%,平均R²为0.737 6,平均RMSE为0.241 6 m;90 m飞行高度的单木树冠分割准确率为73.00%,东西、南北冠幅平均提取精度为88.88%,平均R²为0.710 2, 平均RMSE为0.267 6 m。【结论】利用多光谱无人机遥感技术可以实现对苹果树树冠信息的监测;飞行高度对提取结果有一定的影响,随着无人机飞行高度的增加,单木分割准确率和冠幅提取精度逐渐降低。无人机遥感技术成本低、快速、准确,可以提高果园的管理效率。

关键词: 多光谱; 无人机; 飞行高度; 苹果树; 树冠

Abstract:

【Objective】 The objective of this study is to segment and extract the crown information by using the multi-spectral image of the UAV, so as to realize the monitoring of the apple tree crown information, and analyze the influence of the UAV flight height on the extraction accuracy of the crown. 【Methods】 The DJI Phantom 4 multi-spectral UAV was used to capture multi-spectral images of apple trees at flight altitudes of 30, 60, and 90 m. The acquired images were processed using DJI Terra software to generate Digital Orthophoto Maps (DOM) and Digital Surface Models (DSM). The multi-scale segmentation method and threshold-based classification were utilized to segment the apple tree crowns and extract the east-west and north-south crown width values of the target trees. The accuracy of the segmentation and extraction results was validated by comparing them with visual interpretation of segmented crowns and field measurements of crown widths for 100 apple trees. 【Results】 At a flight altitude of 30 m, the accuracy of individual crown segmentation was 84.00%. The average extraction accuracy of the east-west and north-south crown widths was 91.15%. The average R-squared value (R²) was 0.7859, and the average root mean square error (RMSE) was 0.216 6 m. At a flight altitude of 60m, the accuracy of individual crown segmentation was 81.00%. The average extraction accuracy of the crown widths was 90.31%. The average R² was 0.7376, and the average RMSE was 0.241 6 m. At a flight altitude of 90m, the accuracy of individual crown segmentation was 73.00%. The average extraction accuracy of the crown widths was 88.88%. The average R² was 0.710 2, and the average RMSE was 0.267 6 m. 【Conclusion】 The study concludes that the use of multi-spectral UAV remote sensing technology enables the monitoring of apple tree crown information possible. The results also indicate that flight altitude has a certain impact on the extraction accuracy. As the UAV flight altitude increases, the accuracy of individual crown segmentation and extraction of crown widths gradually decrease. UAV remote sensing technology offers the advantages of low cost, rapid data acquisition, and high accuracy, which can significantly improve the efficiency of orchard management for fruit growers.

Key words: multi-spectral; UAV; flight altitude; apple tree; crown

中图分类号:

S661.1

张振飞, 郭靖, 颜安, 袁以琳, 肖淑婷, 侯正清, 孙哲. 基于多光谱无人机不同飞行高度下苹果树冠幅信息的提取[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(6): 1468-1476.

ZHANG Zhenfei, GUO Jing, YAN An, YUAN Yilin, XIAO Shuting, HOU Zhengqing, SUN Zhe. Study on extraction of apple tree crown width at different flight altitudes using multi-spectral UAV[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(6): 1468-1476.

图/表 8

图1 无人机影像拼接流程

Fig.1 UAV image stitching process

图2 30 m飞行高度树冠区域提取结果

Fig.2 Tree crown area extraction results at 30 m flight altitude

图3 5种树冠分割情况注:A匹配;B接近匹配;C丢失;D过分割;E欠分割;蓝色为参考树冠;红色为自动分割树冠

Fig.3 Five segmentation situations Note:Match A;B is close to matching;C is lost;D over segmentation; Under segmentation of E;Blue as reference tree crown; Red indicates automatic segmentation of tree crown

图4 最优尺度折线图

Fig.4 Optimal scale line char

图5 无人机不同飞行高度树冠自动分割注:a:30 m飞行高度自动分割;b:60 m飞行高度自动分割;c:90 m飞行高度自动分割

Fig.5 Automatic tree crown segmentation results at different drone flight heights Note:a:Automatic segmentation a flight altitude of 30 m;b:Automatic segmentation at a flight altitude of 60 m;c:Automatic segmentation at a flight altitude of 90 m

表1 树冠分割统计

Tab.1 Tree crown segmentation statistics

飞行高度 Flying altitude (m)	匹配率 Matching rate (%)	接近匹配率 Close matching rate (%)	丢失率 Loss rate (%)	过分割率 Over-segmentation rate(%)	欠分割率 Under-segmentation rate(%)
30 60 90	47.00 39.00 29.00	37.00 42.00 44.00	4.00 4.00 4.00	5.00 7.00 9.00	7.00 8.00 14.00

表2 提取冠幅与实测冠幅回归统计

Tab.2 Regression statistics of extracted crown width and measured crown width

飞行高度 Flying altitude (m)	精度范围 Accuracy range (%)	平均提取精度 Average extraction accuracy(%)	R²	RMSE(m)
30-EW 30-NS 60-EW 60-NS 90-EW 90-NS	72.99~99.90 79.40~98.99 70.80~98.91 78.74~98.99 71.53~99.47 41.36~98.96	90.43 91.86 89.54 91.09 89.16 88.60	0.770 2 0.801 5 0.724 3 0.750 9 0.705 6 0.714 8	0.204 7 0.228 5 0.226 4 0.256 7 0.228 9 0.306 3

图6 不同飞行高度平均冠幅提取值与实测值关系散点图注:蓝、红、绿分别为30、60、90 m飞行高度散点图

Fig.6 Different flight altitudes scatter plot of average extracted crown width and measured values Note:Blue,red,green respectively 30,60,90 m scatter plot of fight altitude

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基于多光谱无人机不同飞行高度下苹果树冠幅信息的提取

Study on extraction of apple tree crown width at different flight altitudes using multi-spectral UAV

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