新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (7): 1682-1688.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.07.015
梅闯1(), 冯贝贝1, 马丽亚1, 张振军2, 张金山1, 马艳红1, 王继勋1(
), 闫鹏1(
)
收稿日期:
2023-12-07
出版日期:
2024-07-20
发布日期:
2024-09-04
通信作者:
王继勋(1965-),男,安徽人,研究员,研究方向为果树育种与栽培,(E-mail)ee_wjx@163.com;作者简介:
梅闯(1985-),男,四川人,副研究员,研究方向为果树育种与生物技术,(E-mail)meichuangxj@163.com
基金资助:
MEI Chuang1(), FENG Beibei1, MA Liya1, ZHANG Zhenjun2, ZHANG Jinshan1, MA Yanhong1, WANG Jixun1(
), YAN Peng1(
)
Received:
2023-12-07
Published:
2024-07-20
Online:
2024-09-04
Supported by:
摘要:
【目的】研究疏密改造对郁闭富士苹果果园树冠内温度、相对湿度、光照强度、冠层反射光谱的影响,为提高果园产能和果实品质提供技术参考。【方法】以新疆阿克苏地区老龄低效的郁闭富士苹果果园为研究对象,比较疏密改造与正常修剪果树冠层内的温度、相对湿度、光照强度、冠层反射光谱,并进行差异性分析,分析疏密改造对新疆富士苹果果园微环境和光谱特性的影响。【结果】疏密改造后冠层的光照强度高于对照(尤其是上部冠层)疏密改造后,苹果园疏密改造与其对照相比对冠层内温度湿度产生显著影响(P<0.05)。疏密改造后相同层次树冠内相对光照强度高于对照组,且在上部相对光照强度差异达显著水平(P<0.05),疏密改造后,树体冠层反射光谱不同光质的反射率均有不同程度的提升。【结论】疏密改造显著降低了富士苹果树冠内的温度和相对湿度,冠层内东西南北4个方位、各时间段的光照强度与对照相比有不同程度的提升,同时冠层反射光谱不同光质的反射率也有显著的提升。疏密改造可以显著改善富士苹果果园通风透光条件和光质分布的方式及强度。
中图分类号:
梅闯, 冯贝贝, 马丽亚, 张振军, 张金山, 马艳红, 王继勋, 闫鹏. 疏密改造对新疆富士苹果果园微环境和光谱特性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(7): 1682-1688.
MEI Chuang, FENG Beibei, MA Liya, ZHANG Zhenjun, ZHANG Jinshan, MA Yanhong, WANG Jixun, YAN Peng. Effects of density transformation on microenvironment and spectral characteristics of Fuji orchards in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(7): 1682-1688.
项目 Items | 下部 Underpart (t) | 下部 Underpart (CK) | 上部 Upside (t) | 上部 Upside (CK) |
---|---|---|---|---|
温度 Temperature(℃) | 26.63±1.267c | 29.04±0.759b | 29.12±1.210b | 31.27±1.183a |
光照强度 Light intensity(klx) | 12.52±3.793ab | 7.19±3.967a | 41.74±9.450a | 24.64±12.874b |
湿度 Humidity(%RH) | 44.54±1.796b | 58.75±2.367a | 38.26±5.504c | 48.57±4.980b |
表1 果树不同冠层高度下温度、相对光照强度、湿度差异的变化
Tab.1 difference analysis of temperature, relative light intensity and humidity in different canopy heights of trees
项目 Items | 下部 Underpart (t) | 下部 Underpart (CK) | 上部 Upside (t) | 上部 Upside (CK) |
---|---|---|---|---|
温度 Temperature(℃) | 26.63±1.267c | 29.04±0.759b | 29.12±1.210b | 31.27±1.183a |
光照强度 Light intensity(klx) | 12.52±3.793ab | 7.19±3.967a | 41.74±9.450a | 24.64±12.874b |
湿度 Humidity(%RH) | 44.54±1.796b | 58.75±2.367a | 38.26±5.504c | 48.57±4.980b |
光质 Light quality | 高度 Altitude(m) | 处理 Treatments | 半径1 m Radius 1m | 半径2 m Radius 2m | 半径3 m Radius 3m |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
紫外光 Ultraviolet light (310~400 nm) | 1 | t | 0.24±0.107 3a | 0.28±0.093 2a | 0.3±0.071 4a |
CK | 0.15±0.087 3c | 0.13±0.072 4d | 0.12±0.074 3c | ||
2 | t | 0.21±0.080 6b | 0.25±0.075 7b | 0.28±0.080 5a | |
CK | 0.21±0.065 4ab | 0.18±0.072 5c | 0.16±0.079 7b | ||
蓝紫光 Blue-violet light (410~510 nm) | 1 | t | 0.18±0.072 4a | 0.23±0.046 7a | 0.25±0.006 6a |
CK | 0.11±0.059 8c | 0.09±0.009 3d | 0.08±0.008 6d | ||
2 | t | 0.14±0.006 5b | 0.18±0.005 9b | 0.22±0.060 2b | |
CK | 0.18±0.006 5a | 0.13±0.021c | 0.11±0.041 6c | ||
黄绿光 Greenish-yellow light (510~610 nm) | 1 | t | 0.18±0.074 4a | 0.24±0.045 9a | 0.25±0.007a |
CK | 0.12±0.061 9b | 0.09±0.010 9d | 0.08±0.009d | ||
2 | t | 0.13±0.007 6b | 0.18±0.005b | 0.22±0.060 7b | |
CK | 0.18±0.006 8a | 0.13±0.021 2c | 0.12±0.042 3c | ||
红橙光 Reddish orange light (610~710 nm) | 1 | t | 0.18±0.073 9a | 0.24±0.043 7a | 0.25±0.009 3a |
CK | 0.12±0.061 9b | 0.09±0.013 1d | 0.08±0.011 5d | ||
2 | t | 0.13±0.011 6b | 0.18±0.010 4b | 0.22±0.061 7b | |
CK | 0.18±0.010 1a | 0.13±0.022 4c | 0.12±0.044 8c | ||
近红外 Near infrared (710~760 nm) | 1 | t | 0.27±0.073 4a | 0.32±0.061 1a | 0.34±0.039 3a |
CK | 0.18±0.064 1b | 0.17±0.030 1c | 0.16±0.028 2c | ||
2 | t | 0.24±0.04a | 0.31±0.048 1a | 0.35±0.061 3a | |
CK | 0.27±0.032 7a | 0.23±0.039 4b | 0.22±0.050 1b | ||
远红外 Far infrared (760~1130 nm) | 1 | t | 0.37±0.084a | 0.41±0.076 4a | 0.42±0.053 3a |
CK | 0.25±0.069 9d | 0.24±0.047 8c | 0.23±0.047 5c | ||
2 | t | 0.33±0.047 2c | 0.4±0.043 9a | 0.42±0.050 6a | |
CK | 0.34±0.039 1b | 0.31±0.044 7b | 0.29±0.054 7b |
表2 疏密改造后冠层内不同光质的变化
Tab.2 Changes of different light quality in the canopy after density transformation
光质 Light quality | 高度 Altitude(m) | 处理 Treatments | 半径1 m Radius 1m | 半径2 m Radius 2m | 半径3 m Radius 3m |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
紫外光 Ultraviolet light (310~400 nm) | 1 | t | 0.24±0.107 3a | 0.28±0.093 2a | 0.3±0.071 4a |
CK | 0.15±0.087 3c | 0.13±0.072 4d | 0.12±0.074 3c | ||
2 | t | 0.21±0.080 6b | 0.25±0.075 7b | 0.28±0.080 5a | |
CK | 0.21±0.065 4ab | 0.18±0.072 5c | 0.16±0.079 7b | ||
蓝紫光 Blue-violet light (410~510 nm) | 1 | t | 0.18±0.072 4a | 0.23±0.046 7a | 0.25±0.006 6a |
CK | 0.11±0.059 8c | 0.09±0.009 3d | 0.08±0.008 6d | ||
2 | t | 0.14±0.006 5b | 0.18±0.005 9b | 0.22±0.060 2b | |
CK | 0.18±0.006 5a | 0.13±0.021c | 0.11±0.041 6c | ||
黄绿光 Greenish-yellow light (510~610 nm) | 1 | t | 0.18±0.074 4a | 0.24±0.045 9a | 0.25±0.007a |
CK | 0.12±0.061 9b | 0.09±0.010 9d | 0.08±0.009d | ||
2 | t | 0.13±0.007 6b | 0.18±0.005b | 0.22±0.060 7b | |
CK | 0.18±0.006 8a | 0.13±0.021 2c | 0.12±0.042 3c | ||
红橙光 Reddish orange light (610~710 nm) | 1 | t | 0.18±0.073 9a | 0.24±0.043 7a | 0.25±0.009 3a |
CK | 0.12±0.061 9b | 0.09±0.013 1d | 0.08±0.011 5d | ||
2 | t | 0.13±0.011 6b | 0.18±0.010 4b | 0.22±0.061 7b | |
CK | 0.18±0.010 1a | 0.13±0.022 4c | 0.12±0.044 8c | ||
近红外 Near infrared (710~760 nm) | 1 | t | 0.27±0.073 4a | 0.32±0.061 1a | 0.34±0.039 3a |
CK | 0.18±0.064 1b | 0.17±0.030 1c | 0.16±0.028 2c | ||
2 | t | 0.24±0.04a | 0.31±0.048 1a | 0.35±0.061 3a | |
CK | 0.27±0.032 7a | 0.23±0.039 4b | 0.22±0.050 1b | ||
远红外 Far infrared (760~1130 nm) | 1 | t | 0.37±0.084a | 0.41±0.076 4a | 0.42±0.053 3a |
CK | 0.25±0.069 9d | 0.24±0.047 8c | 0.23±0.047 5c | ||
2 | t | 0.33±0.047 2c | 0.4±0.043 9a | 0.42±0.050 6a | |
CK | 0.34±0.039 1b | 0.31±0.044 7b | 0.29±0.054 7b |
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