塔里木盆地西北缘不同种植模式棉田微环境及经济效益比较

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】比较新疆塔里木盆地西北缘单作棉田与2种枣棉间作棉田对生态的改善程度及单位土地面积内的经济效益。【方法】以棉花品种新陆中36号为材料,设置单作棉田(CK)、1膜2行枣棉间作棉田(C₁)及1膜4行枣棉间作棉田(C₂)。研究不同间作模式对棉田的微环境指标、棉花不同生育期生长、产量以及经济效益的影响。【结果】不同间作模式棉田光强变化为CK>C₁>C₂;C₁、C₂的3个冠位CO₂总浓度均高于单作棉田;单作棉田的光强、风速、空气及土壤温度均高于2个间作棉田,而空气、土壤湿度均低于2个间作棉田。C₂模式棉田的空气、土壤温度、风速明显低于C₁,空气及土壤湿度则相反。蕾期-花铃期的棉花各生长指标表现为间作棉田>单作棉田。CK模式棉花产量最高,达到398.00 kg/667m²。净收入表现为C₁>C₂>CK>CK₀,C₁模式棉田净收入为2 517.28元/(667m²·a),但收益率(37.96%),排名第2。【结论】最佳枣棉种植模式为1膜2行模式。

关键词: 枣棉间作; 种植模式; 微环境; 生长; 产量; 经济效益

Abstract:

【Objective】To compare the improvement degrees of ecology and economic benefits per unit land area between single cropping cotton field and two kinds of jujube cotton intercropping cotton field in northwest margin of Tarim Basin.【Methods】Singleton cotton field (CK), cotton field with one membrane and two rows intercropping (C₁), and cotton field with one membrane and four rows intercropping (C₂) were used as testing materials to explore the effects of different planting patterns on microenvironmental indicators, cotton growth, yield and economic benefits in different growth periods.【Results】The light intensity of cotton field with different planting patterns changed as CK>C₁>C₂. The total CO₂ concentration of the three crown sites of C₁ and C₂ was higher than that of cotton monoculture. The light intensity, wind speed, air and soil temperature of single cropping cotton field were higher than those of two intercropping cotton fields, while the air and soil moisture were lower than those of two intercropping cotton fields. Air and soil temperature and wind speed in C₂ model cotton field were significantly lower than that in C₁ model, while air and soil moisture were the opposite. The growth indexes of cotton from bud stage to flower boll stage were as follows: intercropping cotton field > monoculture cotton field. CK mode cotton field yield was the highest, reaching 398.00 kg/667m². The net income was C₁>C₂>CK>CK₀. The net income of cotton field in C₁ mode was 2,517.28 yuan/(667m²·a), but the yield rate (37.96%) ranked the second.【Conclusion】It can be concluded that the best planting mode is the jujube cotton intercropping mode with one film and two rows.

Key words: jujube cotton intercropping; planting pattern; micro environment; growth; production; economic benefits

中图分类号:

S562

曹琦, 毛廷勇, 汪志强, 万素梅, 陈国栋. 塔里木盆地西北缘不同种植模式棉田微环境及经济效益比较[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(12): 2921-2931.

CAO Qi, MAO Tingyong, WANG Zhiqiang, WAN Sumei, CHEN Guodong. Comparison of microenvironment and economic benefits of cotton fields with different planting patterns in northwest margin of tarim basin[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(12): 2921-2931.

图/表 14

图1 不同种植模式微环境指标测点示意注: 代表枣树, 代表棉株。a1~i1为C1种植模式下微环境指标的测点,a2~i2为C2种植模式下微环境指标的测点,a3~i3为CK种植模式下微环境指标的测点。

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of microenvironment index test points under different planting methods Note: represent jujube trees and represent cotton plants.a1-i1 is the measurement point of microenvironmental indicators under C1 planting mode, a2-i2 is the measurement point of microenvironmental indicators under C2 planting mode, and a3-i3 is the measurement point of microenvironmental indicators under CK planting mode.

图2 不同种植模式下棉田光照强度变化注:不同字母表示不同种植模式间的差异达到5%显著水平,下同

Fig.2 Effects of different planting patterns on light intensity Note: different letters of the superscript indicate that the difference between different planting patterns reaches the significance level of 5%, the same as below

图3 不同种植模式下棉田CO2浓度变化

Fig.3 Effects of different planting patterns on CO2 concentration

图4 不同种植模式下棉田空气温度日变化

Fig.4 Influence of different planting patterns on diurnal variation of air temperature

图5 不同种植模式下棉田垂直方向空气温度变化

Fig.5 Effects of different planting patterns on vertical air temperature

图6 不同种植模式下棉田空气湿度日变化

Fig.6 Influence of different planting patterns on diurnal variation of air humidity

图7 不同种植模式下棉田垂直方向空气湿度变化

Fig.7 Effects of different planting patterns on vertical changes in humidity

图8 不同种植模式下棉田地面温度变化

Fig.8 Effects of different planting patterns on ground temperature

图9 不同种植模式下棉田不同深度土壤温度变化

Fig.9 Effects of different planting patterns on soil temperature at different depths

图10 不同种植模式下棉田土壤含水率变化

Fig.10 Effects of different planting patterns on soil moisture content

图11 不同种植模式下棉田在不同时间风速变化

Fig.11 Changes of wind speed in cotton fields with different planting patterns at different times

表1 间作棉田的防风效应比较

Tab.1 Comparison of windbreak effect in intercropped cotton fields

种植模式 Plantation mode	防风效能 Windproof effect	相对风速 Relative wind speed	风速降低值的回归方程 Regression equation of wind speed reducing values	相关性 Relevance	预测值的标准差 Standard error of predicting value
C₁	43	57	W = 0.780 4a + 0.674 6	0.893 6	0.24
C₂	38	62	W = 1.031 5a + 0.220 7	0.885 5	0.23

表2 不同种植模式下棉田棉花生长及产量变化

Tab.2 Cotton growth and yield changes in cotton fields with different planting patterns

种植模式 Plantation mode	生育期 Growth period	株高 Plant height (cm)	茎粗 Stem diameter (mm)	果枝数 Fruit branch numbers (台)	蕾数 Number of buds (个)	花数 Flower Count (朵)	铃数 Boll number (个)	产量 Yield (kg/667m²)
C₁	蕾期	24.48±0.84^b	5.13±0.34^a	1.17±0.17^b	1.17±0.17^c			308.00±20.51^a
	开花期	36.78±1.30^b	7.03±0.80^b	4.67±0.17^b	5.83±0.17^b	3.00±0.58^b
	花铃期	46.71±0.86^b	8.49±0.74^b	6.83±0.17^b	7.67±0.44^b	1.17±0.17^a	2.17±0.17^a
C₂	蕾期	24.48±0.73^b	5.39±0.33^a	1.83±0.17^b	3.83±0.17^a			332.00±29.24^a
	开花期	37.06±0.53^b	6.70±1.10^b	4.50±0.29^b	5.50±0.29^b	2.00±0.00^b
	花铃期	43.35±1.74^b	7.90±0.66^b	5.83±0.17^c	5.50±0.29^c	1.67±0.44^a	1.83±0.17^a
CK	蕾期	27.33±0.70^a	6.21±0.64^a	4.5±0.29^a	2.83±0.17^b			398.00±34.79^a
	开花期	46.36±0.69^a	10.31±0.91^a	5.67±0.17^a	7.50±0.29^a	5.00±0.58^a
	花铃期	71.09±4.20^a	11.00±0.76^a	8.33±0.17^a	10.67±0.44^a	1.33±0.17^a	2.17±0.17^a

表3 不同种植模式棉田经济效益比较

Tab.3 Comparison of economic benefits of cotton fields with different planting patterns

种植模式 Plantation mode	产量Yield(kg/667m²)		总收入 Total Income (元/(667m²·a))	成本 Cost (元/(667m²·a))	净收入 Net receipt (元/(667m²·a))	收益率 Rate of return (%)
种植模式 Plantation mode	枣 Jujube	棉花 Cotton	总收入 Total Income (元/(667m²·a))	成本 Cost (元/(667m²·a))	净收入 Net receipt (元/(667m²·a))	收益率 Rate of return (%)
C₁	821.00	308.00	6 630.60	4 113.32	2 517.28	37.96
C₂	771.00	332.00	6 577.40	5 017.20	1 560.20	23.72
CK		398.00	3 263.60	1 937.20	1 326.40	40.64
CK₀	900.00		4 500.00	3 210.05	1 289.95	28.67

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