基于养分专家系统的棉花推荐施肥效应

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.007

新疆农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (12): 2911-2920.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.12.007

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·土壤肥料 • 上一篇下一篇

基于养分专家系统的棉花推荐施肥效应

佘玲艺¹^,²(), 哈丽哈什·依巴提²^,³, 张炎²^,³(), 陈创洲¹^,², 樊林鑫¹^,², 张优¹^,²

1.新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院土壤肥料与农业节水研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091
3.农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2023-04-28 出版日期:2023-12-20 发布日期:2024-01-03
作者简介:佘玲艺(1996-),女,湖南长沙人,硕士研究生,研究方向为棉花养分高效管理,(E-mail)527154214@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2020A01002-3);农田智慧施肥项目(05);农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-202104)

Effect of recommended fertilization on cotton based on nutrient expert system

SHE Lingyi¹^,²(), Halihashi Yibati²^,³, ZHANG Yan²^,³(), CHEN Chuangzhou¹^,², FAN Linxin¹^,², ZHANG You¹^,²

1. School of Resources and Environment, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Agricultural Water Conservation, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
3. Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology,Ecology and Tillage, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2023-04-28 Published:2023-12-20 Online:2024-01-03
Supported by:
Major S & T Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2020A01002-3);Smart Fertilization Project for Farmland(05);Open Project of Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology,Ecology and Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China(25107020-202104)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究棉花养分推荐施肥专家系统在新疆南疆棉花生产中应用的可行性。【方法】2021年在新疆沙雅县的海楼村和库木巴格村进行田间试验。共设8个处理:NE,基于养分专家系统的推荐施肥配比;NE+OM,养分专家系统推荐施肥基础上,施用有机肥代替部分化肥;FP,常规习惯施肥;OPTS,当地农技推广部门推荐施肥;CK,不施肥;NE-N,NE推荐基础上不施氮肥;NE-P,NE推荐基础上不施磷肥;NE-K,NE推荐基础上不施钾肥。【结果】棉花养分专家系统推荐施肥能显著提高籽棉产量、提升经济效益。海楼村和库木巴格村NE较FP增产10.2%和7.95%,产投比提高10.9和8.7;较OPTS增产11.66%和10.13%;产投比提高17.6和11.9。棉花养分专家系统推荐施肥配比也能显著提高棉花养分吸收和肥料利用率,其中海楼NE的氮、磷、钾养分吸收较FP提高10.33%、3.67%、11.79%,较OPTS提高5.63%、3.62%、17.21%。海楼村和库木巴格村NE的氮、磷、钾肥料利用率较FP提高14.83、18.47、36.83和23.82、18.30、79.91个百分点;较OPTS提高23.99、5.83、33.39和29.35、16.42、64.04个百分点。【结论】棉花养分推荐施肥专家系统平衡了氮、磷、钾肥的施肥配比,在保证产量的同时,有效提高了棉花的养分吸收、肥料利用率和经济效益。棉花养分专家系统推荐施肥在新疆沙雅县的应用是可行的。

关键词: 养分专家系统; 推荐施肥; 棉花; 产量; 表观利用率

Abstract:

【Objective】In order to explore the feasibility of the application of cotton nutrient expert system recommended fertilization in cotton production in southern Xinjiang.【Methods】Field experiments were carried out in Hailou Village and Kumubag Village of Shaya County in 2021. Eight treatments were set up in the experiment: NE, recommended fertilization based on nutrient expert system; NE+OM, nutrient expert system recommended fertilization based on the application of organic fertilizer instead of some chemical fertilizers; FP, farmers' habitual fertilization; OPTS, local agricultural extension department recommended fertilization; CK, no fertilization; NE-N, recommended by NE on the basis of no nitrogen fertilizer; NE-P, recommended by NE on the basis of no phosphate fertilizer; NE recommended by NE-K on the basis of no potassium fertilizer.【Results】The recommended fertilization of cotton nutrient expert system could significantly increase seed cotton yield and improve economic benefits. Compared with FP, Hailou and Kumubag NE increased yield by 10.2% and 7.95%, and the output-input ratio increased by 10.9 and 8.7. The yield increased by 11.66% and 10.13% compared with OPTS. The output-input ratio increased by 17.6 and 11.9. The recommended fertilization of cotton nutrient expert system could also significantly improve the nutrient absorption and fertilizer utilization rate of cotton. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient absorption of Hailou NE was 10.33%, 3.67% and 11.79% higher than that of FP, and 5.63%, 3.62% and 17.21% higher than that of OPTS. The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer use efficiency of Hailou and Kumubag NE increased by 14.83, 18.47, 36.83 and 23.82, 18.30, 79.91 percentage points compared with FP, and 23.99, 5.83, 33.39 and 29.35, 16.42, 64.04 percentage points higher than OPTS.【Conclusion】Fertilization recommended by cotton nutrient expert system balanced the fertilization ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and effectively improved the nutrient uptake, fertilizer use efficiency and economic benefits of cotton while ensuring the yield. Therefore, the application of cotton nutrient expert system recommended fertilization in Xinjiang Shaya County is feasible.

Key words: nutrient expert system; recommended fertilization; cotton; yield; apparent use efficiency

中图分类号:

S562
S15

佘玲艺, 哈丽哈什·依巴提, 张炎, 陈创洲, 樊林鑫, 张优. 基于养分专家系统的棉花推荐施肥效应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(12): 2911-2920.

SHE Lingyi, Halihashi Yibati, ZHANG Yan, CHEN Chuangzhou, FAN Linxin, ZHANG You. Effect of recommended fertilization on cotton based on nutrient expert system[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(12): 2911-2920.

图/表 6

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试验点 Experimental location	土层 Soil horizon (cm)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	全磷 Total phos phorus (g/kg)	全钾 Total potassium (g/kg)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	碱解氮 Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen (mg/kg)	有效磷 Available phos phorus (mg/kg)	速效钾 Rapidly available potassium (mg/kg)	pH值	电导率 Electric condu ctivity (μS/cm)
海楼村 Hailou village	0~20	0.60	0.36	7.12	12.77	26	12.2	128	8.38	253
海楼村 Hailou village	20~40	0.59	0.35	7.22	13.57	24	10.8	111	8.44	237
库木巴格村 Kumubag village	0~20	1.34	0.39	9.67	18.00	29	12.5	190	8.26	523
库木巴格村 Kumubag village	20~40	0.96	0.34	9.69	17.30	31	8.0	165	8.36	421

试验点 Experimental location	土层 Soil horizon (cm)	全氮 Total nitrogen (g/kg)	全磷 Total phos phorus (g/kg)	全钾 Total potassium (g/kg)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	碱解氮 Alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen (mg/kg)	有效磷 Available phos phorus (mg/kg)	速效钾 Rapidly available potassium (mg/kg)	pH值	电导率 Electric condu ctivity (μS/cm)
海楼村 Hailou village	0~20	0.60	0.36	7.12	12.77	26	12.2	128	8.38	253
海楼村 Hailou village	20~40	0.59	0.35	7.22	13.57	24	10.8	111	8.44	237
库木巴格村 Kumubag village	0~20	1.34	0.39	9.67	18.00	29	12.5	190	8.26	523
库木巴格村 Kumubag village	20~40	0.96	0.34	9.69	17.30	31	8.0	165	8.36	421

试验点 Experi mental location	处理 Treat- ment	N (kg/hm²)	P₂O₅ (kg/hm²)	K₂O (kg/hm²)	有机肥 Organic fertilizer (kg/hm²)
海楼村 Hailou village	CK	0	0	0	0
	NE	253	95	60	0
	NE-N	0	95	60	0
	NE-P	253	0	60	0
	NE-K	253	95	0	0
	NE+OM	146.5	51.1	54.2	1 500
	FP	305	335	160	0
	OPTS	495	100	105	0
库木巴格村 Kumubag village	CK	0	0	0	0
	NE	247	70	60	0
	NE-N	0	70	60	0
	NE-P	247	0	60	0
	NE-K	247	70	0	0
	NE+OM	140.5	26.1	54.2	1 500
	FP	502.5	474	393	0
	OPTS	495	100	105	0

试验点 Experi mental location	处理 Treat- ment	N (kg/hm²)	P₂O₅ (kg/hm²)	K₂O (kg/hm²)	有机肥 Organic fertilizer (kg/hm²)
海楼村 Hailou village	CK	0	0	0	0
	NE	253	95	60	0
	NE-N	0	95	60	0
	NE-P	253	0	60	0
	NE-K	253	95	0	0
	NE+OM	146.5	51.1	54.2	1 500
	FP	305	335	160	0
	OPTS	495	100	105	0
库木巴格村 Kumubag village	CK	0	0	0	0
	NE	247	70	60	0
	NE-N	0	70	60	0
	NE-P	247	0	60	0
	NE-K	247	70	0	0
	NE+OM	140.5	26.1	54.2	1 500
	FP	502.5	474	393	0
	OPTS	495	100	105	0

试验点 Experi- mental loca- tion	处理 Treat- ment	株数 (株/hm²) Number of stems (plant/hm²)	单株铃数 Boll number per plant (g)	单铃重 Boll weight (g)	产量 Yield (kg/hm²)
海楼村 Hailou village	NE	188 276^a	4.22^a	6.18^a	4 915^a
	NE+OM	188 348^a	4.35^a	6.06^a	4 960^a
	FP	187 921^a	3.98^ab	5.96^a	4 460^abc
	OPTS	188 426^a	3.96^ab	6.11^a	4 553^ab
	CK	187 694^a	3.66^b	5.19^c	3 561^d
	NE-N	187 723^a	3.77^b	5.44^b	3 846^cd
	NE-P	188 139^a	3.82^b	5.57^b	4 002^cd
	NE-K	188 182^a	4.01^ab	5.56^b	4 196^cd
	自由度	23	23	23	23
	F值	0.333	3.544	24.413	11.757
	F_0.05	0.927	0.017	<0.001	<0.001
库木巴格村 Kumu bag village	NE	148 500^a	6.54^a	5.79^a	5 621^a
	NE+OM	148 194^a	6.55^a	5.78^a	5 511^ab
	FP	148 806^a	5.83^b	5.79^a	5 034^c
	OPTS	148 806^a	5.25^c	5.88^a	5 104^bc
	CK	147 660^a	4.63^d	5.58^b	3 818^d
	NE-N	148 500^a	4.83^cd	5.75^a	4 132^d
	NE-P	147 736^a	4.87^cd	5.85^a	4 206^d
	NE-K	149 417^a	5.71^b	5.79^a	4 934^c
	自由度	23	23	23	23
	F值	0.106	31.832	2.555	20.800
	F_0.05	0.977	<0.001	0.570	<0.001
试验点 Experimental location		^***	^***	NS	^***
处理 Treatment		NS	^***	^***	^***
试验点×处理 Experimental location ×treatment		NS	^***	^***	NS

基于养分专家系统的棉花推荐施肥效应

Effect of recommended fertilization on cotton based on nutrient expert system

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Metrics

试验点 Experimental location	处理 Treatment	产值 Yield value (Yuan/hm²)	肥料投入 Fertilizer input (Yuan/hm²)	效益 Benefit (Yuan)	产投比 Ratio of output to Input	较CK增收 Increased income compared to CK(Yuan)
海楼村 Hailou village	NE	51 607.2^a	2 461.1	49 146.0^a	20.0^a	11 752.3
	NE+OM	52 078.0^a	6 318.0	45 760.0^ab	7.2^c	8 366.4
	FP	46 829.4^a	5 194.9	41 634.5^b	8.0^c	4 240.8
	OPTS	47 809.0^a	4 084.6	43 724.4^ab	10.7^b	6 330.7
	CK	37 393.7^b	—	—	—	—
库木巴格村 Kumubag village	NE	59 020.4^a	2 238.9	56 781.5^a	25.4^a	16 694.7
	NE+OM	57 867.4^ab	6 095.7	51 771.7^b	8.5^c	11 684.8
	FP	52 860.1^c	8 781.8	44 078.4^c	5.0^d	3 991.6
	OPTS	53 590.9^bc	4 084.6	49 506.3^b	12.1^b	9 419.5
	CK	40 086.8^d	—	—	—	—

试验点 Experimental location	处理 Treatment	表观利用率 Apparent use efficiency(%)			农学效率 Agronomic efficiency(kg/kg)			偏生产力 Partial factor productivity(kg/kg)
试验点 Experimental location	处理 Treatment	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
海楼村 Hailou village	NE	43.72^a	24.03^a	65.57^a	4.23^a	9.61^a	10.47^a	19.43^a	51.74^a	81.92^a
	NE+OM	41.59^b	18.90^b	60.71^b	4.40^a	10.08^a	11.22^a	19.60^a	52.21^a	82.66^a
	FP	28.88^c	5.56^c	28.75^d	2.01^b	1.37^b	1.08^c	14.67^b	13.31^c	27.87^c
	OPTS	19.72^d	18.20^b	32.19^c	1.43^c	1.11^c	2.53^b	9.20^c	45.53^b	43.36^b
	自由度	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11
	F值	113.942	76.197	163.135	16.424	13.509	20.666	99.269	175.811	226.586
	F_0.05	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.002	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
库木巴格村 Kumubag village	NE	44.49^a	27.71^a	95.90^a	6.03^a	20.21^a	11.45^a	24.65^a	80.30^a	93.68^a
	NE+OM	46.38^a	26.99^a	85.55^a	5.58^b	18.64^b	9.62^b	23.15^b	78.73^a	91.85^a
	FP	20.66^b	9.41^c	16.00^c	1.8^d	1.75^d	0.26^d	9.92^c	10.62^c	12.81^c
	OPTS	15.14^c	11.28^b	31.86^b	1.96^c	8.98^c	1.62^c	9.10^c	51.04^b	48.61^b
	自由度	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11	11
	F值	642.214	62.08	436.512	206.709	210.613	1 656.628	1 039.11	1 596.614	1 770.152
	F_0.05	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
试验点 Experimental location		NS	^**	^***	^***	^***	^***	NS	^***	NS
处理 Treatment		^***	^***	^***	^***	^***	^***	^***	^***	^***
试验点×处理 Experimental location×treatment		^***	^***	^***	^***	^***	^***	^***	^***	^***

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