棉花苗期生长发育对土壤速效钾水平的响应

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.007

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (9): 2132-2139.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.09.007

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇下一篇

棉花苗期生长发育对土壤速效钾水平的响应

王超¹(), 徐文修¹(), 李鹏程², 郑苍松², 孙淼², 冯卫娜², 邵晶晶², 董合林²^,³()

1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物育种与综合利用全国重点实验室,河南安阳 455000
3.中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心,新疆昌吉 831100

收稿日期:2024-03-15 出版日期:2024-09-20 发布日期:2024-10-09
通信作者: 董合林(1964-),男,河南内黄人,研究员,硕士生导师,研究方向为棉花营养生理与高效施肥技术,(E-mail)donghl668@sina.com;
徐文修(1962-),女,河北蠡县人,教授,博士,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为绿洲高效耕作制度以及农业生态,(E-mail)xjxwx@sina.com
作者简介:王超(1996-),男,云南人,硕士研究生,研究方向为棉花高产栽培,(E-mail)1078697960@qq.com
基金资助:
棉花产业技术体系岗位科学家(CARS-15-11);中国农业科学院创新工程项目

Response of cotton seedling growth and development to soil available potassium levels

WANG Chao¹(), XU Wenxiu¹(), LI Pengcheng², ZHENG Cangsong², SUN Miao², FENG Weina², SHAO Jingjing², DONG Helin²^,³()

1. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. National Key Laboratory of Cotton Biological Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization / Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang Henan 455000, China
3. Western Agricultural Research Center of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji Xinjiang 831100, China

Received:2024-03-15 Published:2024-09-20 Online:2024-10-09
Supported by:
China Agriculture Research System(CARS-15-11);Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究棉花苗期主要生长发育性状对土壤速效钾水平的响应,为筛选棉田土壤速效钾评价指标提供依据。【方法】以中棉所100为供试品种,采用长0.8 m、宽0.58 m、深0.44 m的塑料箱,每箱装土240 kg,通过添加钾肥设置68.1、77.4、93.3、104.2、122.9、130.9、142.4和171.1 mg/kg 8个速效钾水平土壤处理(分别以K₁、K₂、K₃、K₄、K₅、K₆、K₇和K₈表示)。在棉花一叶期、三叶期、五叶期、七叶期和现蕾期5个时期取样,测定棉株农艺性状、干物重、全钾含量、光合指标等。【结果】棉花一叶期,不同土壤速效钾水平间棉花株高、茎粗无显著差异;三叶期、五叶期、七叶期和现蕾期,棉花株高和茎粗均呈随土壤速效钾水平提高而增加的趋势;土壤速效钾分别达到K₄和K₅处理水平时,棉花株高和茎粗基本趋于稳定。K₅处理及以上处理的叶面积、干物重显著高于其他处理,但这些处理之间无显著差异。蕾期各处理棉株功能叶片的E、Ci、Gs、SPAD等值对土壤钾水平无显著响应。K₇处理 Pn显著优于K₂与K₃处理。【结论】当土壤速效钾水平高于123 mg/kg时,可促进棉株苗期养分吸收和干物质积累,促进棉株茎秆生长,叶面积增大,使棉花苗期的生长发育进程加快,有利于棉花从营养生长向生殖生长转化。

关键词: 棉花; 苗期; 土壤速效钾; 生长发育

Abstract:

【Objective】 This study aims to investigate response of the main growth and development traits of cotton seedlings to soil available potassium levels in order to provide a basis for formulating evaluation indicators of soil available potassium in cotton fields. 【Methods】 The variety 100 of the Institute of Cotton Research was used as the experimental material, plastic boxes with a length of 0.8 m, a width of 0.58 m, and a depth of 0.44 m were used, each box containing 240 kg of soil. Eight available potassium levels of soil were set by adding potassium fertilizer, including 68.1, 77. 4, 93.3, 104.2, 122.9, 130.9, 142.4, and 171.1 mg/kg (represented by K₁, K₂, K₃, K₄, K₅, K₆, K₇, and K₈, respectively). Sampling was conducted at 5 times during the cotton 1 leaf stage, 3 leaf stage, 5 leaf stage, 7 leaf stage, and bud stage to determine the agronomic traits, dry matter weight, total potassium content, and photosynthetic indicators of the cotton plant. 【Results】 During the first leaf stage, there was no significant difference in cotton plant height and stem diameter among different soil available potassium levels; During the 3-leaf stage, 5-leaf stage, 7-leaf stage, and budding stages, the plant height and stem diameter of cotton showed an increasing trend with the increase of soil available potassium levels; When the soil available potassium reached the levels of K₄ and K₅, the cotton plant height and stem diameter tended to stabilize. The leaf area and dry matter weight of treatments with K₅ and above were significantly higher than those of other treatments, but there was no significant difference between these treatments. At the bud stage, the E, Ci, Gs, SPAD values of functional leaves of cotton plants in each treatment showed no significant response to soil potassium levels. In terms of Pn, K₇ was significantly superior to K₂ and K₃. 【Conclusion】 When the soil available potassium level is higher than 123 mg/kg, it can promote the nutrient absorption and dry matter accumulation of cotton seedlings, promote the growth of cotton stems, increase leaf area, accelerate the growth and development process of cotton seedlings, and facilitate the transformation of cotton from nutritional growth to reproductive growth.

Key words: cotton; seedling stage; soil available potassium; growth and development

中图分类号:

S562

王超, 徐文修, 李鹏程, 郑苍松, 孙淼, 冯卫娜, 邵晶晶, 董合林. 棉花苗期生长发育对土壤速效钾水平的响应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(9): 2132-2139.

WANG Chao, XU Wenxiu, LI Pengcheng, ZHENG Cangsong, SUN Miao, FENG Weina, SHAO Jingjing, DONG Helin. Response of cotton seedling growth and development to soil available potassium levels[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(9): 2132-2139.

图/表 10

参考文献 24

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用量 Dosage	处理Treatments
用量 Dosage	K₁	K₂	K₃	K₄	K₅	K₆	K₇	K₈
K₂O (mg/kg)	0	13.86	37.95	62.05	86.14	11.024	134.34	158.43
硫酸钾 Potassium sulphate (g/区)	0	6.52	17.86	29.20	40.54	51.88	63.22	74.56

用量 Dosage	处理Treatments
用量 Dosage	K₁	K₂	K₃	K₄	K₅	K₆	K₇	K₈
K₂O (mg/kg)	0	13.86	37.95	62.05	86.14	11.024	134.34	158.43
硫酸钾 Potassium sulphate (g/区)	0	6.52	17.86	29.20	40.54	51.88	63.22	74.56

处理 Treat- ments	全氮 Totalni- trogen (g/kg)	速效磷 Quick- acting phosphorus (mg/kg)	速效钾 Quick- acting potassium (mg/kg)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	pH值 pH value
K₁	0.24	11.5	68.1	4.7	7.9
K₂	0.26	14.2	77.4	4.1	8.0
K₃	0.22	12.3	93.3	3.9	7.7
K₄	0.20	13.1	104.2	3.8	7.8
K₅	0.21	13.2	122.9	4.0	8.0
K₆	0.20	12.2	130.9	4.5	7.9
K₇	0.22	11.3	142.4	4.2	7.9
K₈	0.24	11.9	171.1	4.6	7.8

处理 Treat- ments	全氮 Totalni- trogen (g/kg)	速效磷 Quick- acting phosphorus (mg/kg)	速效钾 Quick- acting potassium (mg/kg)	有机质 Organic matter (g/kg)	pH值 pH value
K₁	0.24	11.5	68.1	4.7	7.9
K₂	0.26	14.2	77.4	4.1	8.0
K₃	0.22	12.3	93.3	3.9	7.7
K₄	0.20	13.1	104.2	3.8	7.8
K₅	0.21	13.2	122.9	4.0	8.0
K₆	0.20	12.2	130.9	4.5	7.9
K₇	0.22	11.3	142.4	4.2	7.9
K₈	0.24	11.9	171.1	4.6	7.8

肥料 Fertilizer	尿素 Urea (N 46%)	磷酸一铵 Monoammonium phosphate (N 11%、P₂O₅ 44%)
基施 Basic application (g/区)	6.81	9.49
追施 Pursuing and giving (g/区)	9.08

棉花苗期生长发育对土壤速效钾水平的响应

Response of cotton seedling growth and development to soil available potassium levels

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处理 Treat- ments	一叶期 One-leaf stage (cm)	三叶期 Trilobal stage (cm)	五叶期 Pentap- hyllous stage (cm)	七叶期 Seven- leaf stage (cm)	现蕾期 Bud stage (cm)
K₁	1.3^a	4.1^c	7.5^c	16.6^b	20.7^d
K₂	1.3^a	4.4^bc	7.9^bc	16.8^b	23.2^bc
K₃	1.4^a	4.5^bc	8.2^b	17.0^b	22.6^c
K₄	1.5^a	4.5^bc	8.4^b	16.9^b	23.3^bc
K₅	1.5^a	5.3^ab	8.7^ab	17.8^ab	24.9^a
K₆	1.5^a	5.4^ab	8.7^ab	17.5^ab	24.6^ab
K₇	1.5^a	5.4^ab	9.1^ab	17.6^ab	25.1^a
K₈	1.6^a	5.7^a	9.3^a	18.1^a	25.1^a

处理 Treat- ments	一叶期 One-leaf stage (mm)	三叶期 Trilobal stage (mm)	五叶期 Pentap- hyllous stage (mm)	七叶期 Seven- leaf stage (mm)	现蕾期 Bud stage (mm)
K₁	1.1^a	2.0^c	2.2^c	3.2^bc	3.9^c
K₂	1.1^a	2.1^c	2.2^c	3.2^bc	4.0^c
K₃	1.2^a	2.0^c	2.3^c	3.3^b	4.0^c
K₄	1.2^a	2.1^c	2.3^bc	3.3^b	4.1^bc
K₅	1.3^a	2.2^ab	2.5^ab	3.5^ab	4.4^a
K₆	1.3^a	2.2^ab	2.5^ab	3.5^ab	4.5^a
K₇	1.3^a	2.3^a	2.6^a	3.5^ab	4.6^a
K₈	1.3^a	2.2^ab	2.6^a	3.7^a	4.6^a

处理 Treat- ments	一叶期 One-leaf stage (cm²)	三叶期 Trilobal stage (cm²)	五叶期 Pentap- hyllous stage (cm²)	七叶期 Seven- leaf stage (cm²)	现蕾期 Bud stage (cm²)
K₁	14.2^a	23.5^b	68.41^d	128.8^c	304.9^c
K₂	14.3^a	24.5^b	71.4^c	142.9^c	344.6^bc
K₃	14.5^a	24.6^b	77.4^c	152.2^bc	341.3^bc
K₄	15.3^a	25.9^b	75.8^c	160.2^b	344.4^b
K₅	16.3^a	26.7^ab	90.2^b	190.8^a	358.4^ab
K₆	16.2^a	29.4^ab	96.8^ab	193.9^a	353.7^ab
K₇	15.9^a	27.6^ab	94.5^ab	209.8^a	369.9^a
K₈	16.4^a	31.3^a	101.6^a	204.5^a	351.1^ab

处理 Treatments	蒸腾速率 E (mmol/(m²·s))	胞间二氧化碳浓度 Ci (umol/mol)	气孔导度 Gs (mol/(m²·s))	净光合速率 Pn (umol/(m²·s))	SPAD值
K₁	8.60^a	309.91^a	0.62^a	28.71^abc	47.07^a
K₂	9.18^a	305.24^a	0.62^a	28.53^bc	45.70^a
K₃	8.85^a	309.79^a	0.63^a	28.33^bc	44.43^a
K₄	9.50^a	296.98^ab	0.60^a	30.57^abc	45.23^a
K₅	8.73^a	295.34^ab	0.58^a	30.98^ab	46.18^a
K₆	8.48^a	309.93^a	0.74^a	30.50^abc	45.29^a
K₇	8.41^a	301.12^a	0.67^a	31.97^a	44.84^a
K₈	8.54^a	306.08^a	0.76^a	31.56^ab	46.11^a

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