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Response of the Stem Flow to the Environmental Factors in the Trunk of the Corylus heterophylla × Corylus avellanay LING Jinxia, SHI Yanjiang, LUO Da, SONG Fenghui, SONG Zijun 2020, 57(5): 785-797.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (4236KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effects of different environmental factors on stem flow rate of Corylus heterophylla × Corylus, and to understand the change of stem flow rate of Corylus heterophylla × Corylus, in the hope of providing theoretical basis for water management of hazelnut. 【Methods】 The stem flow rate of Corylus heterophylla × Corylus New Hazel 1(84-254)was continuously monitored by FLGS-TDP needle insertion stem flow meter. and the variation of stem flow rate of Corylus heterophylla × Corylus and its correlation with environmental factors were analyzed. 【Results】 The stem flow rate of Corylus heterophylla × Corylus showed inverted "U" curve in the same weather and different weather in the same month. The stem flow rate in each month under different weather conditions was sunny day > cloudy day > cloudy day, and the variation range of stem flow rate in May was the smallest. The main environmental factors affecting stem flow rates in sunny and cloudy weather in May were atmospheric temperature, while in cloudy weather, they were solar radiation. The main environmental factor affecting stem flow rates in June, July and August were atmospheric temperature. 【Conclusion】 The stem flow rate in sunny days was higher than that in cloudy and cloudy days, and the variation range of stem flow rate was the largest in July. Atmospheric temperature and solar radiation are the main environmental factors affecting the stem flow of Corylus heterophylla × Corylus.

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Observation Study of the Process of Flower Bud Differentiation and Flower Development of Jujube Abudoukayoumu Ayimaiti, FAN Dingyu, YUE Wanwan, ZHANG Xiangfei, HAO Qing, ZENG Bin, YU Zhenfan, TANG Yilian 2020, 57(5): 798-805.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (2042KB) ( )   【Objective】 To understand and master the rules of flower bud differentiation and flower development of the main varieties of jujube in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Taking two kinds of jujube varieties as the testing material, the morphological differentiation and the flower development process of flower bud were observed by paraffin sectioning from the beginning of sprouting of jujube strand to the stopping growth stage of jujube crane. 【Results】 The process of flower bud morphological differentiation of Junzao and Huizao could be divided into six periods, from April 14 to April 17, it took 7 days and 11 days respectively from the beginning of jujube strand to the initial stage of differentiation to pistil differentiation; two kinds of jujube varieties, jujube hanging sprouts, grow to about 15 mm, and have completed the early differentiation, sepal differentiation period, and petal differentiation period. It takes 3-4 days from the petal differentiation period to the stamen differentiation period of the Huizao, which is 2-3 more than the Junzao. It takes 2 days from the stamen differentiation stage to the pistil differentiation stage of Huizao and Junzao.The flowers of jujube were of diurnal type, and there were six stages from the bud cracking stage to the ovary expanding stage at about 10:00 in the morning. There was no significant difference found between the flower development stages of Junzao and Huizao, but the stigma cracking and pollination and fertilization of Junzao were earlier than those of Huizao. 【Conclusion】 The flower bud differentiation of Junzao was 3 days earlier than that of Huizao, and the differentiation was more rapid. In the process of differentiation, the differentiation of each floral primordium was sequential and irreversible. After the emergence of each flower organ primordia, it further differentiated into flower organs, and finally entered the flowering stage.

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Effects of Exogenous MeJA on Growth and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Turnip Seedlings JIA Kai, YAN Huizhuan, GAO Jie 2020, 57(5): 806-813.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (9253KB) ( )   【Objective】 Different concentrations of exogenous methyl jasmonate (MeJA) were added to the growth process of turnip, and the effects of morphological indexes and antioxidant enzyme activities of turnip seedlings were measured, aiming at providing theoretical reference for the study of its stress resistance mechanism. 【Methods】 The growth and physiological indexes of turnip seedlings were measured after adding MeJA of different concentrations in 1/2MS medium for 7 days. 【Results】 With the increase of MeJA concentrations, the length, dry and fresh weight of turnip seedlings decreased. The activity of SOD increased first and then decreased, the activity of POD, CAT and APX increased gradually, the contents of soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline, MDA, H2O2 and O2·- increased gradually, and the content of chlorophyll decreased gradually. 【Conclusion】 The above results showed that exogenous MeJA increased the antioxidant enzyme activity of turnip seedlings, but decreased the growth index of turnip seedlings and inhibited the growth of turnip seedlings.

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Cloning, Sequence Analysis and Expression of CAD Gene in Quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill) Fruit CHE Yuhong, YANG Bo, GUO Chunmiao, Mubareke Ayoupu, WU Jinrun, DU Juan 2020, 57(5): 814-821.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (2509KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the relationship between the lignization and CAD genes in Quince Frui.【Method】Based on the cDNA sequence of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) gene reported by GenBank, PCR primers were designed by primer premier 5.0. The total RNA was extracted and the cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcription. The CAD gene fragment was successfully amplified by RT-PCR and cloned into pMD 18-T vector. Through the homologous sequence alignment of DNAStar software, clustalx combined with mega 4.1 software, the phylogenetic tree was built and the physicochemical properties of proteins were analyzed by protparam online program, and the secondary structure was predicted by protean program of dnastar. Finally, the accumulation of lignin in pulp during pulp development was identified by resorcinol staining, and the expression of CAD gene during development was detected by RT-qPCR. 【Result】 The results showed that the open reading frame (ORF) sequence of quince CAD gene was 1,071 bp, encoding 356 amino acids, and the homology with other species was as high as 96%, which was close to apple in evolutionary relationship. During the six stages of fruit development, the accumulation of lignin decreased gradually, while the expression of CAD gene was closely related to the degree of lignin fruit, and showed a trend of decreasing step by step with the slow synthesis.【Conclusion】CAD gene is the key gene to regulate the lignification of Quince Fruit.

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Effects of Water Spray on SPAD and Chlorophyll Content and Yield of Grape Leaves LIU Hongbo, BAI Yungang, ZHANG Jianghui, DING Ping 2020, 57(5): 822-829.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1287KB) ( )   【Objective】 The effects of different water spraying methods on SPAD value, chlorophyll content and yield of grapes under micro-spray conditions in extreme arid areas were studied to determine the high quality and high yield water spray method.【Methods】 The SPAD value, chlorophyll content, quality and yield of grape under different water spraying methods were measured by micro-spray irrigation to analyze the diurnal and diurnal variation characteristics of SPAD value under different water spraying methods and the correlation between SPAD value and chlorophyll content. 【Results】 Under different water spray duration conditions, the SPAD value of each treatment decreased first and then increased. The daily variation value was between 40.1 and 45.6 SPAD, and the daily average value of SPAD value of WP1 was 44.3, followed by WP2 (43.5) and WP3 (42.9), and CK (41.2) was the lowest. The regression equations between grape SPAD value and chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content were: Ca=0.068,5VSPAD-0.890,2, Cb=0.045,4VSPAD-1.019,4, Ct=0.114VSPAD-1.909,6, and in terms of grape quality index and yield, micro-spray improved the quality of VC, polyphenol content and tannin content, and increased the average yield by 8.6%. 【Conclusion】 There was a significant positive correlation between SPAD value and chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content in grape leaves under different water spray patterns, which indicated that it was feasible to use SPAD value to predict chlorophyll a content, b content and total chlorophyll content. This might provide a new method for rapid determination of leaf green content in field grape leaves.

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Effects of the Photosynthetic and Fruit Quality of Cabernet Sauvignon on Different Rootstocks HU Jinge, BAI Shijian, CHEN Guang, ZHAO Ronghua, CAI Junshe 2020, 57(5): 830-839.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1832KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effect of different rootstocks on photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality of cabernet sauvignon.【Methods】 Cabernet Sauvignon without grafting was taken as control to measure the photosynthetic active radiation, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, intracellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductivity, and during the fruit ripening stage, to measure fruit single weight, fruit volume, fruit coloring, fruit soluble solids content, pH value, acid, anthocyanin, tannin, polyphenols in pericarp, etc. of the four rootstock combinations of Cabernet Sauvignon / SO4, Cabernet Sauvignon / 5BB, Cabernet Sauvignon / 3309M and Cabernet Sauvignon / 101-14 by CI-340 Handheld photosynthesis system photosynthetic apparatus. 【Results】 The diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductivity showed a typical bimodal curve with the change of air temperature. The big one of net photosynthetic rate was in the morning, the small one is was the afternoon, and the value was the smallest at 14:00. There was an obvious phenomenon of "lunch break". The peak value of stomatal conductivity in the morning was higher than that in the afternoon, and it was higher than that in the CK; The peak of transpiration rate was in the afternoon; The photosynthetic active radiation showed a single peak curve, and the diurnal variation of intracellular CO2 concentration was not obvious. The diurnal variation of intracellular CO2 concentration of Cabernet Sauvignon / SO4 and Cabernet Sauvignon/101-14 showed a pattern of “rise-fall-rise”, and the intracellular CO2 concentration of Cabernet Sauvignon / 3309 M and Cabernet Sauvignon / 5BB showed bimodal curve. The average single grain weight and fruit volume were slightly higher than those of CK. The skin color of Cabbage Sauvignon/SO4 was greener than CK,but this had little influence on average seed weight. 3309 M and 101-14 stocks increased the soluble solids of fruit, while SO4 and 5BB stocks decreased the content of soluble solids. The organic acid content of the four combinations was higher than that of CK but Ph value, solid acid ratio were lower; The anthocyanin and polyphenols content of Cabernet Sauvignon / 101-14 was higher than that of CK, while other combinations had different degrees of influence (except Cabernet Sauvignon / SO4), but there was no difference. Cabernet Sauvignon / SO4 significantly decreased anthocyanin content in pericarp. 【Conclusion】 From the point of view of photosynthetic characteristics and fruit quality, 5BB, 101 / 14, 3309M is a suitable stock variety for grafting Cabernet Sauvignon grapes in Turpan.

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Relationship between Quality Traits of Leading Xinjiang Winter Wheat Cultivar and Sensory Evaluation of Ordinary CAO Junmei, Halidan Yikeremu, LIU Na, LIU Lianzheng, ZHOU Anding, WU Xinyuan, NIE Shihui, ZHANG Xinzhong, LU Jing, Burelihan Tuoheti 2020, 57(5): 840-851.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1193KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this paper is to clarify the quality traitsthat have great influence on the quality of the ordinary by studying the relationship between its quality and wheat quality characteristics in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for breeding special wheat and the improvement of its processing quality.【Method】Grain character, flour character, of Extensograph, Mixograph and Farinograph were test of 11 leading cultivars, , flour w used for making and sensory evaluation Naan.【Result】Judging from the average value of the main quality indicators of the leading winter wheat varieties in Xinjiang, except for the stability time, all other indicators reached the quality type of medium-strong glutenThe difference in quality of the leading varieties planted in North and South Xinjiang was mainly caused by the great differences in indicators such as stability time, farinograph quality number,and softening degree. Xindong 18, Xindong 22, Xindong 53 and Xindong 60 were suitable for the production of high-quality ordinary Naan. Correlation analysis and regression analysis results show that,index, stability time, softening degree, farinograph quality number, extension area, resistance at max, resistance/exten sibility, resistance-max/ extensibility, midline peak time, midline right slope were significantly correlated with the quality of ordinary Naan.【Conclusion】The gluten index, Parameters of Farinograph and Extensograph were important quality characteristics for judging the quality of ordinary Naan.These indicators were not only the effective means for the comprehensive quality prediction and evaluation of ordinary naan, but also the important basis to improve the quality of special wheat.

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Effects of Nitrogen Consumption on Gas Exchange and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Chives in Facilities SONG Yu, QU Jisong, ZHANG Lijuan, ZHU Qiannan 2020, 57(5): 852-858.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (3281KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of different amounts of nitrogen on the gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Chinese chive in the facility.【Method】The annual Chinese chive was used as the experimental material, and eight different degrees of positions were adopted: U1 (CK, 0), U2 9.2 kg/(667m2·y), U3 18.4 kg/(667m2·y), U4 27.6 kg/(667m2·y), U5 36.8 kg/(667m2·y), U6 46.0 kg/(667m2·y), U7 55.2 kg/(667m2·y), U8 64.4 kg/(667m2·y). Experiments were carried out to determine the gas exchange parameters (net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance), chlorophyll fluorescence kinetic parameters (steady-state fluorescence under light, electron transfer rate, excitation energy capture efficiency of PSII reaction center under light adaptation, quantum efficiency of CO2 assimilation, non-photochemical quenching coefficient and photochemical quenching coefficient).【Results】The results showed that the kinetic parameters of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of leek leaves increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen concentration. The most nitrogen application amount of photosynthetic parameters was 13.40-33.73 kg/(667m2·y), and the most nitrogen application amount of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters was 27.72-40.76 kg/(667m2·y).【Conclusion】 Therefore, when photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were comprehensively considered, it was recommended that the nitrogen amount for facility chives should be 27.72-33.73 kg/(667m2·y) in Ningxia region.

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Analysis of the Microbial Community Diversity of Soil from Wine Grape Productiing Area in Xinjiang Based on High-throughput Sequencing WANG Wei, Buligen Jialengbieke, HU Xiaodong, XIA Junfang, ZHANG Zhidong, GU Meiying, WU Yun 2020, 57(5): 859-868.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1856KB) ( )   【Objective】 To find out the microbial community structure and diversity in the soil of the four major wine grape producing areas in Xinjiang and to lay a foundation for constructing the microbial bank in the main wine grape producing areas in the region. 【Methods】 After total DNA was extracted, Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing system and bioinformatics analysis were used for the investigation of microbial communities and species diversity of main wine grape producing area in Xinjiang. 【Results】 In the twelve soil samples, the results showed that the highest microbial diversity of bacteria was the soil in Yili river-valley and the lowest one was in the soil of northern slope of Tianshan Mountain, and the highest microbial diversity of fungus was in the soil of Yanqi basin and the lowest microbial diversity of fungus was the Tuha basin soil. The dominant bacteria and fungus were Arthrobacter and Guehomyces in Tuha basin and the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain wine grape producing area. The dominant bacteria and fungus were Gemmatimonas and Tetracladium in Yili river-valley wine grape producing area. The dominant bacteria and fungus were Arthrobacter and Gibberella in Yanqi basin wine grape producing area. Soil pH value had the most significant effect on the composition of bacterial community, and the content of Mn had the most significant effect on the composition of fungal community. 【Conclusion】 This study revealed the composition of bacterial and fungal communities in the soil in main wine grape producing areas in Xinjiang, which indicated that there were differences in microbial community diversity.

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Optimizing Carbon and Nitrogen Source in Liquid Fermentation Medium of G.resinaceum LZ02 Producing Laccase with Response Surface Methodology Xie Yuqing, DAI Jinping, Chen Jin, Wang Zhifang, GuliAhmat, Yang Xinping, Zhang Huitao, Wang Xiaowu, Feng Lei 2020, 57(5): 869-876.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1711KB) ( )   【Objective】 To improve the laccase yield of G.resinaceum LZ02, fermentation liquid medium producing Laccase was optimized by response surface methodology on the basis of MF medium.【Method】Conducting a central composite design using response surface methodology with factors including casein, wheat bran, glucose and ammonium tartrate and taking enzyme activity as response values .【Result】 The enzyme activity of G.resinaceum LZ02 was predicted to be up 16505U/L when optimal group of four factors is 2.5% casein,1.5% wheat bran ,1.0% glucose and 0.6% ammonium tartrate ,measured value is 15800 U/L by three parallel test and there is no difference between both values too.【Conclusion】 The data acquisition by response surface methodology matches actually with practical data and the model was proved to be reliable.

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Gene Sequences and Expression Analysis of Fatty Acid Δ9 Desaturase of Euzophera pyriella during Different Stages WANG Degang, MA Guanghuang, HE Pengpeng, XIONG Renci, CAO Yu, ZHANG Ping, HAN Xu, YANG Minglu 2020, 57(5): 877-887.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (2729KB) ( )   【Objective】 The Δ9 desaturase gene in Euzophera pyriella plays an important role in the accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids, so this project aims to clarify the characteristics of the gene and its expression in different insect states. 【Method】This study aimed to identify, analyze, and predict the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of Δ9 desaturase in Euzophera pyriella(EpFAD9 ) using bioinformatics software, and to deduce the structure and function of the protein. The mRNA expression of the EpFAD9 gene in different stages of E. pyriella was also determined by RT-PCR.【Result】The open reading frame of EpFAD9 gene consisted of 1,056 bp and 352 amino acids. The start codon ATG was located at the 1,280 base of the obtained sequence, and the stop codon TAA was located at the 2,338 base of the sequence. It was speculated that the protein had no signal peptide but had four transmembrane domains, which behaved as a hydrophilic protein and played a biological role in the endoplasmic reticulum. The relative expression level of EpFAD9 gene was rich in larval stage, which was 17.75 times and 29.58 times higher than those in adult and sputum stages, respectively.【Conclusion】 The expression of EpFAD9 gene is different in different Euzophera pyriella states, and the expression level in larva was the highest, while that in adult and pupa was low, the pupa stage is the lowest, this shows that the resistance of pupa and adults to low temperature is lower than that of larvae.

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Microsatellite Markers Dressing by Screening and Polymorphism Analysis of Contarinia datifolia MA Guanghuang, KANG Shuyuan, LI Li, XIAO Haibing, XIONG Renci, YANG Minglu 2020, 57(5): 888-894.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1225KB) ( )   【Objective】 The goal was to study the genetic variability of Dasineura jujubifolia genes and analyze its genetic polymorphisms.【Method】 In this experiment, SSR was searched from genome sequences of Dasineura jujubifolia and corresponding primers were designed, from which 48 pairs of primers were selected for effective screening. The Dasineura jujubifolia samples came from Aral, Kunyu and Qiemo and they were amplified by PCR using Dasineura jujubifolia DNA as template. Qualitative detection was performed by agarose gel electrophoresis, and the polymorphism was detected by capillary electrophoresis.【Result】The results show that:There were 42 pairs of primers that could amplify the bands, and 20 with good specificity of them were selected for polymorphism analysis. The average values of observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He) and polymorphic information content(PIC)were 0.358, 0.694 and 0.635. Among them, the PIC of 18 pairs of primers was more than 0.5, which was highly polymorphic.【Conclusion】SSR that we developed have high polymorphisms, which can be used to study the genetic diversity and genetic structure of Dasineura jujubifolia population.

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The Incidence of Powdery Mildew in Different Wheat Varieties and Its Field Dynamics in Southern Xinjiang GAO Haifeng, YANG Xue, CHEN Li, BAI Weiwei, SHEN Yuyang, HUANG Tianrong, WANG Jian, FAN Guiqiang, FANG Hui 2020, 57(5): 895-901.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1739KB) ( )   【Objective】 The purpose of this research is to clarify the field dynamics of wheat powdery mildew in newly breed varieties in the hope of providing theoretical basis for scientific prevention and control of the disease.【Method】The occurrence of powdery mildew in different wheat varieties was systematically investigated by means of regular fixed-point investigation.【Result】The results showed that the field dynamics of wheat powdery mildew of Xindong No.60, Xindong No.57 and Xindong No.40 were basically the same. The highest disease index of wheat powdery mildew of Xindong No.60, Xindong No.57, Xindong No.40 and Xindong No.20 were 8.22, 7.11, 37.63 and 25.48, respectively. Repeated measurements showed that the occurrence degrees of wheat powdery mildew in Xindong No.60 and Xindong No.57 were significantly lower those in Xindong No.40 and Xindong No.20, and that in Xindong No.40 was significantly higher than that in Xindong No.20.【Conclusion】The occurrence degrees of wheat powdery mildew in Xxindong No.60 and Xindong No.57 were significantly lower than that in Xindong No.20 and the pesticide application could be reduced reasonably according to the occurrence of wheat powdery mildew in the field; The occurrence degree of wheat powdery mildew in Xindong No.40 was significantly higher than that in Xindong No.20, so the prevention of wheat powdery mildew should be strengthened. In this study, the field dynamics of wheat powdery mildew in Xindong No.60, Xindong No.57, Xindong No.40 and Xindong No.20 were clarified, which might provide theoretical basis for the relevant scientific prevention and control of the disease.

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Preliminary Identification of the Pathogen of Potato Disease in Qitai LÜ Zhuo, GAO Yonggang, TANG Qiyong, CHU Min, GU Meiying, ZHU Jing, CHENG Siqi, MA Xiaoxue, SONG Suqin, WANG Jing 2020, 57(5): 902-909.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1794KB) ( )   【Objective】 To clarify the main pathogens of potato disease in cellars of Qitai County, Xinjiang, the sick potatoes ("Atlantic" variety) isolates which were recovered from diseased plants collected from 3 different cellars of Qitai County in March, 2019.【Method】The morphological identification, 16S rDNA and ITS sequence analysis, specific primer amplification and Koch's pathogenicity tests were applied to study the isolates. 【Result】The results were as follows: 12 strains were identified, the fungal pathogens were Fusarium oxysporum,Gibberella pulicaris and Geotrichum candidum.【Conclusion】Fusarium oxysporum and Gibberella pulicaris had the stronger pathogenicity. Meanwhile Geotrichum candidum as the pathogens of potato was the first report in China. This study provided a basis for the scientific control of potato cellar diseases in Xinjiang.

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Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Production Performance, Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency and Quality of Barley Silage ZHAO Zhun, LI Jian, SONG Ruijiao, QI Juncang 2020, 57(5): 910-917.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (1084KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the effects of different nitrogen application rates on the production performance, silage raw material quality and nitrogen use efficiency of silage barley in northern Xinjiang, a two-factor randomized block design was used, four nitrogen application rates (0 (N0), 40 (N40), 80 (N80) and 160 kg/hm2 (N160).) were set in this experiment.【Method】In this study, two barley varieties (Kenmaomai 13 and Ganbei 4) were studied by two-factor random block design, and the nitrogen application rates were 0(N0), 40 (N40), 80(N80) and 160 kg/hm2 (N160) to analyze the agronomic characters, dry matter yield, nutritional composition of silage raw materials and nitrogen utilization efficiency of silage barley.【Result】The results showed that the agronomic characters, yield, quality and nitrogen use efficiency of silage barley were significantly affected by nitrogen application rate. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the plant height and total stem number of the two varieties of silage barley increased significantly, and the stem diameter increased at first and then decreased. The threshold value under different nitrogen application rates was: total stem number > plant height > stem diameter. Increasing nitrogen application decreased the proportion of stems and leaves of Kenpimai13 and increased the proportion of tassels, but had no significant effect on Ganpi 4. With the increase of nitrogen application, the hay yield of Kenpimai13 and Ganpi4 increased significantly, which was the highest under N160 treatment, and compared with N0 treatment, the income was increased by 76.1% and 148.7%. Increasing nitrogen application decreased the contents of neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, increased the content of crude protein, and the content of soluble carbohydrate in Kenpimai13. The partial factor productivity of applying N decreased significantly with the increase of nitrogen application rate. The agricultural nitrogen utilization efficiency of two varieties was the highest under N80 treatment.【Conclusion】In order to increase nitrogen use efficiency and obtain high yield and good quality barley, 80 kg/hm2 N is recommended to be applied to silage barley in northern Xinjiang.

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Effects of Applying Amino Acid Liquid Fertilizer by Reducing Chemical FertilizerAmount on Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) ZHANG Ni, Adili Abulaiti, JIA Kai, Alapati Tayierjiang, LIU Yu, GAO Jie 2020, 57(5): 918-924.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1075KB) ( )   【Objective】 Under the condition of reducing fertilizer application, the proportion of amino acid liquid fertilizer suitable for pepper growth was screened in the hope of increasing the yield and quality of pepper. 【Methods】In this experiment, Huiteng No.8 was used as the testing material and 6 treatments were set with conventional fertilization as a control, nitrogen fertilizer reduced by 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. The effects of the substitution of the amino acid liquid fertilizer on the growth, yield and fruit quality of the pepper were studied by measuring the growth index, yield and quality index of the pepper. 【Results】The results showed that each treatment had an effect on the growth, yield and fruit quality of pepper. Treatment 4 increased the yield of spicy pepper. Among them, the weight of single fruit, the number of fruits per plant, the yield per plant, and the yield of the plot increased by 0.17%, 28.98%, 10.11% and 24.64%, respectively. At the same time, treatment 4 increased the quality of pepper, fruit shape index, soluble protein, soluble sugar, vitamin C by 12.62%, 10.92%, 3.63% and 30.44%, while nitrate content was 22.61% lower than that of CK. 【Conclusion】In summary, amino acid liquid fertilizer can partially replace fertilizer and treatment 4 (40% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer by supplementing 28 kg/667m2 amino acid liquid fertilizer) can be used for base application and topdressing so as to improve pepper yield and quality, and this method can be popularized and applied in production.

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Informatics Analysis of Amino Acid Sequences of Bombesin-like Peptides and Their Receptors ZHAO Shulin, LI Lulu, SUN Xiaoyan, Aili Adilai, ZHAO Hongqiong 2020, 57(5): 925-931.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1908KB) ( )   【Objective】 To understand the bombesin-like peptide (BLP) family and the conservation of their receptors in ruminants. 【Method】In this study, biological information analysis was used to compare the amino acid sequences of bovine bombesin-like peptide family gastrin releasing peptides (Gastrin-releasing peptide, GRP) and Neuromedin B (NMB)) and their specific receptors GRP-R and NMB-R with other animal amino acid sequences by UniProt database. 【Result】The results of bioinformatics analysis showed that 8 amino acid sequences of C-terminal of mature GRP in 13 animals were identical, and the amino acid sequences of bovine GRP had high similarity 88.7%, 77.8% and 77.8% with sheep, pigs and guinea pigs, respectively, moreover, the similarity with other animals was less than 74.1%. The 10 amino acids at the C-terminal of mature NMB in 10 animals were identical. Bovine GRP-R had the highest similarity with dogs, horses and pigs, 96.1%, 94.3% and 94.0%, respectively. Bovine NMB-R had the highest similarity with pigs, humans and horses, 92.3%, 91.5% and 91.0%, respectively. The similarity between GRP-R and NMB-R was only 62.2% in cattle. 【Conclusion】 The above analysis results indicated that the C-terminal amino acid sequences of both GRP and NMB were highly conserved among animals, while the N-terminal was the variable region, and the amino acid sequences of GRP-R and NMB-R were highly conserved among animals. The results of this bioinformatics analysis can be used as a reference for the study on the antigen design and selection of active polypeptides of these two kinds of BLP in different animals, especially in ruminants.

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Research on Object Recognition Based on UAV Multispectral Image WEI Qing, ZHANG Baozhong, WEI Zheng 2020, 57(5): 932-939.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1766KB) ( )   【Objective】 In view of the lack of timeliness of farmland information acquisition and the difficulty of grasping basic farmland information in time, in this project, the UAV multi-spectral images acquired in May and June 2018 were used to study the extraction of some farmland types in Daxing experimental base in Beijing. 【Method】Firstly, the species of interest were identified, and the temporal and spectral characteristics of the image were analyzed. Then, the normalized vegetation index NDVI, normalized green-blue difference index NGBDI, modified ratio vegetation index MSR and red-band reflectance were determined as the optimal classification features, and the image was segmented by threshold based on spectral variables. The decision tree classification method based on visual interpretation was used to realize the classification of land features and extract the planting area. The method was validated by selecting the ground survey data based on visual interpretation. 【Result】 The results showed that the decision tree classification method based on temporal and spectral characteristics had good effect and the method was applicable to extracting wheat, fruit trees and big shed with errors of 10.68%, 6.06% and 16.48%, respectively. Besides, the area extraction error was within 17%, so we can safely say that UAV multi-spectral remote sensing image has certain applicability for ground object recognition. 【Conclusion】 The advantages of UAV in low cost and high efficiency provide reference for timely access to farmland information.

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Changes of the Characteristics of Vegetation Community during Restoration of Degraded Grasslands in Urumqi WU Run, ZHANG Yongjuan, CAO Juan, AN Shazhou, CUI Guoying, YAN Ruirui 2020, 57(5): 940-949.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (2259KB) ( )   【Objective】 Based on the analysis of the characteristics of vegetation community in the degraded grassland after implementing the policy of grazing ban and grass-animal balance, the ecological environment restoration of the degraded grassland ecological environment was discussed, so as to provide scientific theoretical guidance for the restoration and reconstruction of degraded grassland in Urumqi. 【Method】 The natural grasslands in Urumqi with implementing the policy of ban on grazing and grass-animal balance were selected as the research objects. Field surveys and comparative analysis of growth changes, average height, coverage, and above-ground biomass of the plant community in different restoration years were conducted, and the changes of plant community characteristics during the restoration of degraded grasslands were studied. 【Results】 (1) After the implementation of the grassland compensation policy, the recovery of grassland plants in 5th years was better than that of the 1st year, and the growth of grassland plants in 8th years was better than that in 5th years. (2) The coverage, height, and biomass in different steppe in forbidden grazing areas showed a volatile upward trend with the extension of recovery time, and that of different grassland groups in the grass-animal balance area tended to increase first and then decrease with the continuous recovery time. The decrease might be associated with reduced rainfall in Urumqi in 2018. 【Conclusion】 Through the implementation of grazing ban and grass-animal balance, the degradation of Urumqi grassland has been improved to a certain extent and grassland vegetation has recovered well, but the changes in different grassland types are different. We need to be continued to strengthen the monitoring of grassland resources and provide more scientific guidance for the restoration and management of degraded grasslands in Urumqi.

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Spectral Characteristics and Modified Vegetation Index of ihree Main Plants of Seriphidium transiliense Desert Grassland HAN Wanqiang, JIN Guili, YUE Yonghuan, WANG Huining, GONG Ke, WU Xueer, Wulupa Ardererkali 2020, 57(5): 950-957.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1335KB) ( )   【Objective】 Seriphidium transiliense desert grassland is an important part of grassland ecosystem in Xinjiang. The study of the main plant ground spectrum and vegetation index characteristics is the basis to realize species identification, which is of great significance to obtain the change of community species composition accurately and timely, and to improve the quality and effect of grassland monitoring.【Methods】In this study, SOC 710 VP imaging spectrometer was used,hyperspectral images of desert grassland community of Seriphidium transiliense desert grassland in April were collected,Seriphidium transiliense, Ceratocarpus arenarius and Petrosimonia sibirica were extracted respectively. The spectral discrimination was improved by the transformation of reflectivity (REF), absorptivity (ABS) and its first-order differential (GREF and GABS) and the sensitive band was analyzed and screened out. Then the NDVI’ undefined value and DVI’ undefined value were calculated by the combination of each band, and the maximum vegetation index was selected by taking the NDVI value and RVI value calculated by the whole band as a reference.【Results】 (1) The spectral curves of the three main plants were similar, and the difference was mainly reflected in the spectral value. The reflectivity of the three main plants showed the characteristics of Ceratocarpus arenarius > Seriphidium transiliense > Petrosimonia sibirica > community in the visible light 400-780 nm and near infrared band 780-820 nm; (2) The spectral characteristics of the first order differential reflectivity GREF and the first order differential absorptivity GABS could be further expanded by the transformation of the reflectivity REF, absorptivity GREF and the first order differential absorptivity GABS. The relatively stable band had the blue light band 490-530 nm, green light band 510-560 nm, red light band 620-760 nm and near infrared band 780-820 nm. (3) The difference between the NDVI' and RVI' calculated by the combination of 490-530 nm and 780-820 nm bands under the GABS and ABS transformations was greater than the NDVI' and RVI' calculated in the full and other bands across the three major plants.【Conclusion】The first-order differential treatment of reflectivity and absorptivity in the sensitive band and the improvement of vegetation index can improve the recognition effect of three main plants in Seriphidium transiliense desert grassland.

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Germination Characteristics and Drought Resistance Evaluation of Seven Wild Elymus L. Germplasms in Xinjiang under Drought Stress LI Yao, SUI Xiaoqing, HAO Yuhui, ZHANG Shuzhen, CHEN Aiping, ZHANG Bo 2020, 57(5): 958-966.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (1093KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effects of drought stress on germination of wild Elymus L. materials and evaluate its drought resistance. 【Method】The experimental materials were seven wild germplasms which were collected from different areas of Xinjiang. During the whole germination period, PEG-6000 was used to simulate the drought environment and 6 different concentrations (0, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%) were set and indicators of germination, radicle and plumule length of each material under different drought stress were measured.【Result】Low concentration of PEG promoted the germination of some materials, radicle and plumule of P03, P04, P06 and P07 germplasms. When the concentration of PEG reached more than 20%, the germination of all materials was inhibited and the length of radicle and plumule decreased.【Conclusion】The seven materials were sorted according to their drought resistance as follows: P01>P02>P03> P04>P07> P05>P06.

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Investigation of Drug Resistance of Different Animal Fecal Staphylococci and Detection of Drug Resistance Genes YANG Ziyan, YAO Xiaohui, MAmuer Akmuhan, WANG Shufeng, WANG Kai, XIA Lining 2020, 57(5): 967-973.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.022 Abstract ( )   PDF (1483KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the drug resistance of Staphylococcus faecalis from different animals to commonly used antibiotics in Huocheng County, Xinjiang.【Method】Feces of pigs, chickens, cattle and sheep were collected from the major scale farms in the County. , After that, the minimum inhibitory concentration of Staphylococcus isolated from the feces was determined by agar dilution method and the corresponding resistance genes were detected by PCR method. 【Result】The severity of antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus faecalis to tested antibiotics in different animals was as follows: Staphylococcus from pigs ＞ Staphylococcus from chickens ＞ Staphylococcus from sheep ＞ Staphylococcus from cattle; The resistance rate of Staphylococcus from chickens and pigs to oxacillin tetracycline was more than 80%. The sensitivity of Staphylococcus to gentamicin and amikacin was 100%. The detection rates of Staphylococcus from chickens and pigs were the highest for the ermB gene, whose detection rates were 70.8% and 93.5%, respectively; the highest detection rates of Staphylococcus from sheep and cattle fecal were femA gene. 【Conclusion】The resistance of different animal fecal Staphylococcus to the tested antibiotics in Huocheng County of Xinjiang was different, and the multi-drug resistance was serious. In the process of breeding, the antibiotics should be rationally used.

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Targeted Isolation of Staphylococcus aureus in Milk Samples and Qualitative Risk Analysis in Provoking Clinical Mastitis WANG Dengfeng, LI Jianjun, LIU Zhiqiang, WENG Yebin, GE Jianjun, YANG Xueyun, WU Jianyong 2020, 57(5): 974-980.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.023 Abstract ( )   PDF (1085KB) ( )   【Objective】 To improve the isolation efficiency of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) from milk samples and rapidly assess the qualitative risk in provoking clinical mastitis caused by the isolates. 【Methods】 Targeted isolation of SA in milk sample was carried out using Staphylococcus selective medium and CHROM chromogenic media, and the quantitative determination of hemolysin method was established to evaluate the virulence of SA isolates. 【Results】 In the experiment, 27, 21 and 17 SA isolates were isolated respectively from 64 clinical mastitis milk samples, 157 subclinical mastitis milk samples and 213 healthy milk samples. Among these isolates, 9 (33.3%), 1 (4.8%) and 2 (11.8%) isolates had hemolysin secretion of more than 1,500 VH50 U/mL (virulent); 1 strain (4.8%), 13 strains (61.9%) and 4 strains (23.5%) had hemolysin secretion between 1,000 and 1,500 VH50 U/mL (Moderate virulent), respectively; 2 strains (11.8%), 7 strains (33.3%) and 11 strains (64.7%) had hemolysin secretion of less than 1,000 VH50 U/mL (weak virulence), respectively. Spearman rank correlation coefficient analysis showed that the occurrence of clinical mastitis was positively correlated with infection hemolysin secretion (> 1,000 VH50 U / mL) isolates (ρ= 1), and negatively correlated with infection hemolysin secretion < 1,000 VH50 U / mL (weakly virulent) strains (Ρ =-1). 【Significance】 SA targeted isolation method could improve the isolation efficiency and reflect the actual infection rate of SA in dairy farms. Quantitative determination of hemolysin could be used to evaluate the virulence of SA. The risk of clinical mastitis could be preliminarily predicted according to the infection situation of moderate and strong virulent isolates. In addition, it is feasible to improve the cure rate of SA clinical mastitis and reduce the spread of drug-resistant isolates by cooperating with clinical drug sensitivity test.