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20 September 2019, Volume 56 Issue 9 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Study on Received Irrigation Water and Plant Nitrogen Accumulation and Distribution Characteristics of Spring Wheat under Drip Irrigation YANG Jian-ping, LI Peng-bing, LU Wei-peng, ZHANG Long-long, LI Zhao-feng, LI Wei-hua, JIANG Dong 2019, 56(9): 1569-1578.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.09.001 Abstract ( )   PDF (2004KB) ( )   【Objective】 In order to clarify the received irrigation water and plant nitrogen accumulation and distribution characteristics in one tube serving six rows of drip irrigation and their effects on grain protein content. 【Method】 Seven spring wheat varieties from different regions such as Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia were planted by one tube that serves 6 wheat rows of drip irrigation. Nitrogen accumulation in different parts of plants from the different rows from the burette (the nearest line to the drip tube was R1, the middle line was R2 and the farthest line was denoted as R3) was investigated in the critical periods of the development of wheat: in anthesis and maturity.【Results】Under the condition of one tube that served 6 wheat rows of drip irrigation, during the important stage of plant growth: the jointing-booting stage and booting-flowering stage, the amount of received irrigation water of R3 were 59 and 56 mm, which were similar to the maximum evapotranspiration of 62 and 43 mm in this period. The nitrogen nutrition index at anthesis, nitrogen accumulation, transshipment of nitrogen and grain protein of each organ of the experimental varieties at flowering and mature stages decreased less than the reduced amplitude of the received irrigation water (R2 and R3 decreased by 33.6 and 60.3 relative to R1; The redistribution nitrogen rate, the contribution rate of transport nitrogen to the grain, and the nitrogen harvest index of experimental varieties, R2 and R3 increased in turn with respect to R1. (The rate of nitrogen transport and the contribution rate of transport nitrogen to the grain of Jinqiang No.7 were decreased in this order). The nitrogen accumulation of each organ in anthesis was positively correlated with redistribution nitrogen, and the correlation coefficient was 0.811. The redistribution nitrogen of stem, sheath, leaf and ear were positively correlated with the corresponding nitrogen nutrition index at flowering stage, and the correlation coefficient was 0.403, 0.643 and 0.717, respectively; the nitrogen accumulation of grain was positively correlated with redistribution nitrogen and post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation, and the correlation coefficients were 0.498 and 0.737, respectively. 【Conclusion】In one tube serving six rows of drip irrigation, the key period of crop growth of wheat was not affected by water stress; the nitrogen nutrition index was high, the more nitrogen was transported to grain;the nitrogen of grain was mainly derived from the redistribution nitrogen, the redistribution nitrogen rate, the contribution rate of transport nitrogen to the grain, and the nitrogen harvest index of experimental varieties, R2 and R3 increased in turn with respect to R1.

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Study of the Effect of Seed Maturity on the Vigor of Barley Seeds LI Jian, ZHAO Zhun, ZHU Ying-shu, SONG Rui-jiao, YAO Zhi-qiang, YANG Yang, QI Jun-cang 2019, 56(9): 1579-1587.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.09.002 Abstract ( )   PDF (1147KB) ( )   【Objective】 To study the effect of seed maturity on seed vigor of barley in the hope of determining the best harvest time of different varieties. 【Method】P13-3 and Ganpi 4 barley seeds with different maturity were selected for constant temperature germination test and conductivity measurement. Before the germination, the physical indexes such as the length, width, thickness, thousand-grain fresh weight, thousand-grain dry weight and moisture content of different maturity seeds were measured. The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, seedling length, seed vigor indicators such as seedling root length, seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight were measured in the process of germination. 【Result】With the increase of maturity, the length of seeds of the two barley varieties increased at first, then widened, and finally thickened. The difference between thousand-grain fresh weight, thousand-grain dry weight, moisture content and conductivity was significant. With the increase of maturity, the moisture content decreased and tended to be stable; The seedling length, root length, seedling fresh weight, germination index and vigor index increased at first and then decreased; Except the dry weight of seedlings, the other vigor indicators reached significant difference. 【Conclusion】Maturity affects the vigor of barley seeds. The dry weight, conductivity, seedling fresh weight, seedling length and root length of thousand-grain dry weight can be used as reference indicators for testing seed vigor. The seeds of P13-3 seed are better at 36-42 d after anthesis, and the seeds of Ganpi 4 have better activity at 30 days after anthesis, and the seedling quality is good, which is suitable for harvesting.

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Drought Resistance Evaluation of Quinoa during Germination under PEG Simulated Drought Stress YAO Qing , QIN Pei-you, MIAO Hao-cui , CHEN Xiao-lu, ZHANG Xue-chao, CUI Hong-liang 2019, 56(9): 1588-1596.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.09.003 Abstract ( )   PDF (1104KB) ( )   【Objective】 Study the drought resistance of 10 quinoa varieties in germination stage. 【Method】In this experiment, PEG-6000 solution with different concentrations of 5%-30% were used to simulate drought stress conditions.【Result】 The results showed that the low concentrations of PEG-6000 promoted seed germination and root length of quinoa and inhibited stem length. 【Conclusion】 According to the analysis of membership function, drought resistance of 10 quinoa varieties at germination stage was: YL2＞YL1＞YL7＞YL3＞YL9＞YL5＞YL10＞YL6＞YL8＞YL4. The quinoa varieties were divided into three drought resistance levels: YL1 , YL2 and YL7 were drought-tolerant varieties,YL3 and YL9 were medium drought-tolerant varieties,YL4, YL5, YL6, YL8 and YL10 were weak drought-tolerant varieties.

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Analysis on Yield Potential and Related Agronomic Characters of New Maize Grain Mechine Harvesting Variety Xinyu 108 with Drought Tolerance LIANG Xiao-ling, Abulaiti Abra, YANG Jie, HAN Deng-xu, WANG Ye-jian, XI Hao-jiang, LI Ming-dong, LEI Zhi-gang, GAO Xue-fei, CHEN Shao-jiang, LIU Wen-xin, DAI Jing-rui 2019, 56(9): 1597-1608.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.09.004 Abstract ( )   PDF (1054KB) ( )   【Objective】 To analyze the yield potential and adaptability of Xinyu108, a new direct - harvesting maize hybrid with early - mid maturity, and to provide a scientific basis for its extension. 【 Method】Based on the regional test, production test and multi - point test results of early - mid maturity spring maize sown in northern Xinjiang, RCT99 software was used for statistical analysis. 【 Result】 The average yield of the two - year regional trial was 953. 5 kg / 667 m2 , 5. 89% higher than that of the control Denghai 3672. The rate of increasing production point was 89% . The yield of production test was 907 kg / 667 m2 , which increased by 2. 97% compared with the control. The rate of increasing production point was 80% . The average output was 1,103.4 kg/667 m2, and the high-yield field production reached to 1,327 kg/667 m2.The average growth period was 120. 1 days, 0. 45 days earlier than that of the control, and the effective accumulated temperature needed was 2, 500℃ ( ≥10℃ ) . Grain bulk density was 782 g/L, crude protein 9. 6% , crude fat 3. 5% , and crude starch 75. 49% . The lodging and breakage rate was 1. 2% , the moisture content was 23. 7% , the damage rate of machine - harvested grains was 3. 78% , the ear - drop rate was 0, the grain - drop rate was 0.7% , and the yield loss rate was 0. 7% . The drought tolerance index is 0.95, which ranked strong tolerance level as same as Xianyu 335 and has two grades of drought tolerance than Zhengdan 958. The density is good with density index of 1.12.【 Conclusion】 Xinyu108 has high yield, good stability, good quality, fast dehydration, lodging resistance, resistance to maize smut, head smut and stem rot, and is suitable for mechanical harvesting.

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Inheritance Trend of the Fruit Traits of Hybrid Populations of Ruby Seedless and 'SP6164' WANG Yong, LI Yu-ling, Sulaiman Aizezi, SUN Feng, WU Guo-hong, LUO Qiang-wei, GUO Ping-feng 2019, 56(9): 1609-1618.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.09.005 Abstract ( )   PDF (1361KB) ( )   【Objective】 To explore the inheritance of the fruit traits of Ruby Seedless grape. 【Method】It evaluated the criteria of main fruit characteristics of the size of seed scar or seed, fruit fragrance, berry weight, surface color of pericarp, longitudinal and transverse diameter of fruit grains, content of soluble solids in fruits, stress tolerance of fruit grain and tensile tolerance of fruit pedicle by 134 progenies originating of Ruby Seedless × ''SP6164', and analyzed the genetic tendency of seed trait, fruit fragrance, berry weight, surface color of pericarp, fruit shape, sugar content in fruit, storage and transportation tolerance of fruits.【Result】Among the population, 55.97% were seedless, 4.48% were aromatic, and the weight of fruit grains tended to be moderately inherited. 91.8% were increased. The proportion of purple-red-purple was the highest (36.09%), mainly elliptic (55.9%), the heritability of fruit sugar content was 83.53%, and 8.96% of the super-high parents were inherited with average stress tolerance. The average heritability of pull tolerance was 119.27%, with 27.61% of the super-parent plants.【Conclusion】A large proportion of seedless progenies and a certain proportion of aroma progenies could be obtained by crossing Ruby Seedless with ''SP6164'', which was a fragrance line. The additive effect expression of each character index in the population could be obtained, but it was more significant in the two indexes of single grain weight and tensile endurance.

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Identification of Resistance of Nine Varieties of Cucumis melo L. to Orobanche aegyptiaca Using a Polythene Bags-based Hydroponic Culture Method ZHANG Hong, WANG Hao-jie, MAO Jian-cai, LI Jun-hua, ZHAI Wen-qiang, YI Hong-ping, Hanan Eizenberg, Yaakov Tadmor 2019, 56(9): 1619-1625.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.09.006 Abstract ( )   PDF (1452KB) ( )   【Objective】 The research aims to present the feasible method of identifying the resistance of Cucumis melo L. cultured in polythene bags to Orobanche aegyptiaca in the hope of providing technical support for the breeding of varieties resistant to O. aegyptiaca. 【Methods】The study hydroponically cultured different varieties of C. melo L. in polythene bags to investigate influences of root exudates of various varieties on the induction activity for seed germination and parasitism of O. aegyptiaca, so as to assess resistances of various varieties. 【Results】 For the nine varieties of C. melo L. inoculated with O. aegyptiaca through hydroponic culture in polythene bags, their root exudates stimulated seed germination of O. aegyptiaca, while they had significant differences in terms of the number of shoot elongation. Then, the number of shoot elongation was taken to assess the resistances of the nine varieties of C. melo L. to O. aegyptiaca. The results indicated that test varieties exhibited differences with regard to the resistances to parasitism of O. aegyptiaca, and varieties k2-2, k2-7, and CEZ were superior to others in terms of the resistance. 【Conclusions】Identification results for resistances of the nine varieties of C. melo L. to O. aegyptiaca using hydroponic culture in polythene bags verified that the culture method is an effective indoor approach for identifying resistance of C. melo L. to O. aegyptiaca.

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Study on the Relationship between Fruit Texture Change of Two Hami-Melons at Different Storage Temperatures FANG Shi-Jie, XU Bin, PAN Yan, ZHANG Ting 2019, 56(9): 1626-1634.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.09.007 Abstract ( )   PDF (1522KB) ( )   【Objective】 The high rate of actual loss after harvest of Xinjiang Hami-melon is an important bottleneck restricting the development of Xinjiang Hami-melon industry. Cold chain transportation is an important means to solve this problem. Temperature change is the main reason that affects the decay and deterioration of Hami-melon during transportation. So it is necessary to study the change of environmental temperature to maintain the quality of cold chain transportation of Hami-melon in Xinjiang. 【Method】Taking Xizhoumi 17 and Xizhoumi 25 as the research objects, the changing trend and correlation analysis of physical properties such as hardness, adhesiveness and cohesiveness of Hami melon fruit at different temperatures were studied. 【Result】The texture indexes of Xizhoumi 17 and Xizhoumi 25 fluctuated to a certain extent with the prolongation of storage time under different temperature conditions, the fluctuation range of the former was gentler than that of the latter. There were significant differences in fruit hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, tackiness and chewiness of Xizhoumi 17 (P< 0.01), and significant differences in fruit hardness, cohesiveness, tackiness, elasticity and chewiness of Xizhoumi 25 (P< 0.01). 【Conclusion】The fruit texture indexes of Xizhoumi 17 and Xizhoumi 25 were significantly affected by temperature with the prolongation of storage time fluctuating in different degrees. Xizhoumi 17 had smaller fluctuation range of texture indexes than Xizhoumi 25, so the former was more durable for storage. The optimum storage temperature for Xizhoumi 17 was 5℃, and for Xizhoumi 25, it was 10℃.

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Effects of Exogenous ALA on Photosynthesis and Membrane Peroxidation in the Leaves of Jujube Seedlings under NaCl Treatment CHANG Xin-yi, SUN Jun-li, ZAO Bao-long, LI Fang-fang, LIU Lian-ling, HE Wang 2019, 56(9): 1635-1644.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.09.008 Abstract ( )   PDF (1626KB) ( )   【Objective】 To investigate the effects of exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) on chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics and membrane lipid peroxidation of jujube seedlings under NaCl stress in the hope of screening out the optimal ALA treatment concentration for NaCl stress after comprehensive evaluation. 【Method】 With jujube seedlings as test materials, different concentrations of exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA, 50, 75, 100 and 150 mg/L were sprayed on seedling leaves under 150 mmoL/L NaCl stress to study the effects of chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidant enzyme activities and MDA content on the third and sixth days after. 【Result】 The chlorophyll content, photosynthetic characteristics and antioxidant enzyme activities of leaves of jujube seedlings decreased significantly under the stress of 150 mol/L NaCl. Spraying exogenous ALA could significantly increase the photosynthetic index and antioxidant enzyme activity of chlorophyll content in leaves of jujube under NaCl stress, and reduce the content of Ci and MDA. Among them, T3 treatment on the third day after ALA treatment had the best effect, chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll content, Pn, Gs, Tr, SOD, POD and CAT increased by 67.50%, 72.74%, 85.71%, 135%, respectively. 87.06%, 20.79%, 69.59%, and 61.25%; Ci and MDA decreased by 22.53% and 24.71%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 NaCl stress caused obvious damage to jujube, inhibited photosynthesis and destroyed antioxidant enzyme system. Spraying exogenous ALA could promote leaf photosynthesis by increasing chlorophyll content and enhancing antioxidant enzyme activity. The injury of jujube seedlings was alleviated by NaCl stress, and the salt tolerance of jujube seedlings was improved. Principal component analysis showed that Chl a, Chl, SOD and CAT could be used as the main indexes to evaluate the effects of spraying different concentrations of ALA on NaCl stress. The comprehensive evaluation showed that different concentrations of exogenous ALA could effectively alleviate the damage of jujube seedlings induced by NaCl stress, and the best effect was achieved on the third day with 100 mg/L ALA treatment.

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Effects of Different Proportions of Coconut Husk, Organic Fertilizer and Sand on the Growth of Tomato Seedlings ZHANG Pu, XIE Yan-ru, TANG Dan, GUI Rui-qi, XU You-zhang, YE Li-hong, LI Mei-chen, ZHAO Zhi-xin, DONG Rui-fang, CUI Yong-min, QIN Yong 2019, 56(9): 1645-1651.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.09.009 Abstract ( )   PDF (1023KB) ( )   【Objective】 Peat was the main substrate for tomato seedling in Hetian area of Xinjiang, and seedling costs were rather high. In this experiment, coconut husk, organic fertilizer and sand in desert were used as main raw materials to prepare tomato seedlings according to different ratios. The purpose of this experiment was to select the best ratio of high quality and strong seedlings of tomato in the hope providing reference for seedling raising of tomato in Hetian area. 【Method】 The tomato variety 'Ouguan' was used as test material and five different treatments and one control were set up with different substrate ratios with the method of raising seedlings with acupoints and plates. All other things being equal, plant height, stem diameter, maximum leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight, root length, root volume, soluble sugar, soluble protein and chlorophyll of tomato seedlings were measured. The effects of different substrate ratio on the growth and physiological and biochemical indexes of tomato seedlings were compared.【Result】All the treatments affected the growth of tomato seedlings. By measuring the growth index and physiological and biochemical indexes of tomato seedlings, it was found that T3 treatment (coconut bran: sand: organic fertilizer =20v: 1v: 1v) had the best effect on tomato seedlings. 【Conclusion】 The ratio of coconut husk: sand: organic fertilizer = 20v: 1v: 1v is beneficial to the growth of tomato hole seedlings, so it is recommended as the substrate formula for tomato seedling in Hetian, Xinjiang.

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Preliminary Study on Nutritional Quality Differences and Evaluation Indexes of Different Watermelon Varieties HE Wei-zhong, WEI Kai-li, HUA Zhen-yu, SUN Tao, CHEN He, WANG Cheng 2019, 56(9): 1652-1658.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.09.010 Abstract ( )   PDF (1080KB) ( )   【Objective】 To make clear the nutrition quality and evaluation indices of different varieties of watermelon. 【Method】16 components in 6 varieties watermelon were determined, the nutrition quality differences of components in varieties were studied by INQ (index of nutrition quality), and furthermore, though principal component analysis, the nutrition quality evaluation indices of watermelon were screened. 【Result】The results showed that the INQ of nicotinic acid, sodium, fat, zinc were lower than 1, the INQ of carbohydrate was 1.38~1.44, the INQs of potassium and VB2 were higher than 2, the INQs of manganese, VB1, protein, ferrum, calcium, cuprum, fiber, phosphorus, magnesium were different because of varieties, and among them, the loadings of magnesium, VB1, manganese, ferrum were relatively high. 【Conclusion】VB1, protein, fiber, manganese, ferrum, calcium, cuprum, phosphorus and magnesium embody the difference among varieties reflecting nutritional quality of watermelon, and among them, VB1,manganese, ferrum can be used as nutrition quality evaluation indices of watermelon.

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Determination of Five Flavonoids in Pomegranate Peel of Different Cultivars by High Performance Liquid Chromatography MENG Xin-tao, WEI Jian, XU Ming-qiang, LI De-hua, TAN Gui, ZHU Li-na, SHAO Wen-zhi, PAN Yan 2019, 56(9): 1659-1667.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.09.011 Abstract ( )   PDF (1268KB) ( )   【Objective】 This study aims to investigate a high-performance liquid chromatograph(HPLC)method for the determination of different kinds of flavonoids and research and analyze the composition and content of flavonoids in pomegranate pericarp of different varieties in Xinjiang in the hope of providing theoretical basis for the breeding and comprehensive development and utilization of pomegranate flavonoids in Xinjiang. 【Method】'Piyaman', 'Qianzihong', 'Saining meng' and'Yechen Pomegranate' were used as the test materials, five kinds of flavonoids: rutin, meletin, quercetin, rhizoma kaempferiae phenol and isorhamnetin were analyzed by HPLC method. The chromatographic separation was performed on Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm,4 μm) using methanol/formic acid/water mixture as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mL·min-1through gradient elution, and the detection wavelength was set at 360 nm. 【Result】Results showed that the thorough separation of 5 flavonoids was achieved within 21 min. The method exhibited a linear range of 1-150 μg/mL(R2=0.991,9-0.999,7)and detection limits was 0.2 mg/kg, quantitative limit was 5 mg/kg, the average recovery rates of this method were 76.68%~124.50%. 5 kinds of flavonoids such as rutin, meletin, quercetin, rhizoma kaempferiae phenol and isorhamnetin were detected in all four varieties, among which, quercetin was the highest. 【Conclusion】 There were differences in FLs content between the four different cultivars. 'Piyaman' had the highest total FLs content in peel. From high to low : 'Piyaman'＞'Sainingmeng' ＞'Qianzihong'＞'Yechen Pomegranate'.

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Effects of Nitrate Nitrogen Treatment on Growth and Metabolism of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. Seedlings QIN Ya-nan, YANG Zeng-qiang, ZHAO Zhi-xin, DENG Shuang-shuang, ZHU Jia-yao, LI Zhi-hui, Maieran Maimaiti, QIN Yong 2019, 56(9): 1668-1676.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.09.012 Abstract ( )   PDF (1099KB) ( )   【Objective】 To screen out the amount of nitrate nitrogen fertilizer suitable for the growth of the Coreopsis tinctoria seedlings. 【Method】 Coreopsis tinctoria was taken as the test material, nitrate nitrogen (Ca(NO3)2·4H2O) as test fertilizer to carry out pot experiments. According to the completely random block design, six levels of nitrate nitrogen treatment were set up. The application rate of nitrate nitrogen per pot was 0.10g, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30 g/kg. The effects of different nitrate nitrogen treatments on the growth and metabolites of Coreopsis tinctoria seedlings were studied. 【Results】Different nitrate treatments had certain effects on Coreopsis tinctoria seedling growth and metabolites. When the nitrate nitrogen application rate was 0.25 g/kg, the plant height of the Coreopsis tinctoria seedlings was the best, which was 7.26 cm; When the application rate of nitrate nitrogen was 0.3 g/kg, the fresh weight, stem diameter, number of branches, SPAD value and soluble protein content of Coreopsis tinctoria seedlings were the best. The SPAD value and soluble protein content were 48.92 and 8.86 mg/g. Nitrate nitrogen could promote the soluble sugar of Coreopsis tinctoria seedlings. When the nitrate nitrogen application rate was 0.25 g/kg, the soluble sugar content was the highest, which was 32.63%. Root-shoot ratio, root length, chlorogenic acid, total flavonoids in leaves and total flavonoids in roots were highest in control Coreopsis tinctoria seedlings. The total flavornoids in leaves and roots were 90.70 and 34.77 mg/g. The chlorogenic acid content in the leaves was 10.85 mg/g. When the nitrate nitrogen application rate was 0.3 g/kg, the PAL activity in the Coreopsis tinctoria seedlings was the lowest, which was 10.76% lower than that of the control. 【Conclusion】 The results of this test showed that little or no application of nitrate nitrogen was beneficial to improve the PAL activity of leaves of the Coreopsis tinctoria seedlings and increased total flavonoids and chlorogenic acid content in roots and leaves of seedlings, however, the application of less or no nitrate nitrogen significantly inhibited the growth and dry matter accumulation of the Coreopsis tinctoria seedlings. Therefore, considering the growth status of the Coreopsis tinctoria seedlings, the nitrate nitrogen application rate is preferably 0.25 to 0.3 g/kg of nutrient soil.

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Effects of Wheat Biochar on Soil Nutrition Content and Corn Yield of Irrigation Wind-Sandy Soil ZHANG Yun-shu, TANG Guang-mu, LONG Xiao-shuang, GE Chun-hui, XU Wan-li 2019, 56(9): 1677-1683.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.09.013 Abstract ( )   PDF (1229KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the effect of biochar on the improvement of irrigated wind-sandy soil,which might be of great practical significance to the agriculture of biological carbon. 【Method】Experimental soil was the irrigation sandy soil, and experimental material was the wheat biochar. The fixed field experiment included four treatments: 0, 67.5, 112.5, and 225.0 t/hm2. Corn yield was determined in the late growth stage of corn. The soil was collected, and relevant nutrient indicators were analyzed. 【Result】The results of seven years experiment showed that, compared to the control, application of wheat biochar had no obvious effect on pH value in the irrigation sandy soil of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm layer. Application of wheat biochar significantly increased the contents of total N, organic matter, available N, and available K. This method increased respectively by 14.5%～29.6%, 48.9%～89.5%, 28.7%～93.5%, and 6.9%～31.3% in the 0-20 cm soil layer., and increased respectively by 38.1%～56.0%, 24.9%～40.1%, 30.8%～68.1%, and 15.6%～45.2% in the 20-40 cm soil layer. Application of wheat biochar could increase significantly corn yield by 28.7%～49.2%. 【Conclusion】Application of biochar in the irrigation sandy soil could increase soil fertility, thus increasing the crop yield.

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Spatial Variability Analysis of Root Mass of Different Age Walnut Trees in Southern Xinjiang HUANG Jian, ZHANG Yu-ling, FENG Yao-zu, WANG Zhi-guo, FU Yan-bo 2019, 56(9): 1684-1690.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.09.014 Abstract ( )   PDF (1904KB) ( )   【Objective】 To comprehensively and accurately understand the spatial distribution of walnut tree roots in different planting years in southern Xinjiang, and scientifically carry out fertilization management. 【Methods】 The walnut trees with different planting years in Wensu County of Aksu Prefecture in southern Xinjiang were taken as research objects. The spatial variation of walnut roots in 5, 10, 15 and 20 years was investigated. 【Results】 The results showed that the dry weight density of roots increased with the increase of walnut age, and the horizontal and vertical depths increased. The total dry mass of roots also increased. The root system of 5-year-old walnut trees mainly concentrated 0-100 cm in the direction of trees II and III, and the depth was 0-40 cm; 10-year-old tree was 50~150 cm in the direction of I and III from the tree level, and the depth was 0-40 cm. At 80-100 cm; 15-year-tree was 150-250 cm in the direction of tree I and III, and the depth was 20~80 cm; 20-year-old tree was 0~150 cm in the direction of tree II and III, and the depth was 0-80 cm. 【Conclusion】 With the increase of years, the roots of walnuts continue to extend horizontally and vertically, and the parts of fertilization should be widened and deepened with the distribution of roots.

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Potential Risk Zone Analysis of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff disaster in Xinjiang Featured Forest Fruits WANG Lei, LUO Lei, LIU Ping, HOU Xiao-chen, QIU Qin, GAO Ya-qi, LI Xi-guang 2019, 56(9): 1691-1700.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.09.015 Abstract ( )   PDF (1413KB) ( )   【Objective】 To analyze and predict the potential risk areas of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff in Xinjiang fruit forests in the hope of providing important reference value for effective prevention and key prevention of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff disaster in Xinjiang fruit forests. 【Method】Based on the actual distribution data and environmental factors data of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff disaster in Xinjiang fruit forests, the potential risk areas of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff in Xinjiang fruit forests were predicted by MaxEnt model and GIS spatial analysis technology, and the main environmental factors and niche parameters were analyzed by percentage contribution rate. 【Results】The results showed that: (1) The ROC evaluation (Receiver Operating Characteristic, ROC) showed that the AUC values of the training data set and the test data set of MaxEnt model predicting the potential risk area of Ectropis sinensis were 0.979 and 0.970 respectively, which indicated that the simulation effect was excellent. (2) According to the prediction results of MaxEnt model, the potential distribution area of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff in Xinjiang fruit forests was divided into risk area and risk-free area, and the total area of risk area was about 74,538,800 hm2.(3)Based on cluster analysis, the potential risk areas of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff in Xinjiang fruit forests were divided into high-risk areas: 1.158 million , medium-risk areas:2.218 million hm2and low-risk areas:4.226 million hm2. (4) The main environmental factors affecting the risk of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff disaster in fruit forests in Xinjiang were the highest temperature in cold month, the average temperature in the coldest season, the precipitation in the driest season and the average temperature in the wettest season. The response curves showed that the highest temperature in the cold month > 14.25 C, the average temperature in the coldest quarter > 4.01 C, the pre-cipitation in the driest quarter was between 1.23-8.29 mm, and the average temperature in the wettest quarter was between 21.63-24.82 C, which was the niche parameter suitable for the growth of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff in Xinjiang fruit forests and fruits. 【Conclusion】Based on MaxEnt model, the prediction results of potential risk areas of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff in Xinjiang characteristic forests are completely consistent with the actual distribution areas of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff. The geographical distribution characteristics of Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff are clear: the high-risk areas are mainly located in Kashgar and Hetian areas, and the middle-risk areas are mainly located in Aksu area, Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture and Hetian area. The low-risk areas are located in Aksu area, Bayingol Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Hotan area, Kashgar area and Kizilesu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture, with a small distribution in Turpan area and Urumqi city. This study has a high reference value for formulating quarantine and prevention policies.

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Effects of Biocompound Fertilizer on the Cotton Leaf Mite and Growth and Development of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Waresi Weili, Aikebaier Ilahong, Abdusaimaiti Naigemaiti, Mulatijiang, Mayire 2019, 56(9): 1701-1709.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.09.016 Abstract ( )   PDF (1040KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to study the effects of application of matrine, microelement and amino acid-based compound fertilizer to control and treat the cotton leaf mite, and determine the best time of using them. 【Method】 The dynamics of the cotton leaf mite was investigated by field cell test in different application periods.【Results】 The results showed that the control rate of the compound agent containing amino acids to cotton leaf mite was 60% and 90.82% respectively in 2017 and 2018. The anti-mite rate of matrine single agent was 47.13% and 72.4%, which was significantly higher than that of matrine single agent (P<0.01).The yield of compound fertilizer treatment with amino acid was 142.11 and 245.5 kg/240m2 respectively, which was 33%, 12.49%, 15.27%, 10.40% and 43.10% respectively higher than those of other treatments. There was no significant difference between matrine treatment and control treatment. In addition, there were significant differences in plant height, stem thickness, single boll weight, dry matter and falling boll. 【Conclusion】 The application of biological fertilizer compound agent is suitable for wide application in cotton field, which plays an important role in controlling cotton leaf mites and increasing yield.

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Effects of Main Nutrients of Wild Apple Branches on the Development of Agrilus mali Matsumura Larvae PENG Bin, MA Zhi-long, Kadeyan Kader, Adili Shataer, ZHANG Yuan-ming 2019, 56(9): 1710-1719.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.09.017 Abstract ( )   PDF (1614KB) ( )   【Objective】 To reveal the effects of the growth and development of the larvae of Agrilus mali Matsumura on the main nutrients of the phloem of the infected apples. 【Methods】 In this paper, the development of larvae was investigated at fixed point for 2 years, and the content of main nutrients in different damaged parts of Agrilus mali Matsumura branches was determined. 【Results】 The results showed that the total larval mortality of phloem increased significantly, especially after mid-July, and the total mortality was much higher than that of xylem. The content of main nutrients (soluble sugar, reducing sugar, starch and soluble protein) in bast phloem was lower than that in healthy phloem. The content of persistent soluble sugar, reducing sugar, starch and soluble protein in the larval stage decreased from 38.68, 18.37, 9.47 mg/g and 19.57 mg/g in late June to 17.5, 12.15, 9.47 mg/g and 16.6 mg/g in late August, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that there was negative correlation between larva natural mortality and the content of main nutrients in phloem. The main nutrient content of affected xylem was higher than that of healthy phloem. The content of persistent soluble sugar, reducing sugar, starch and soluble protein in the larvae harm period rose from 12.13, 3.91, 3.73, 12.2 mg/g and 12.26, 14.10, 4.20 mg/g and 17.50 mg/g in late June to that in late August, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between the larval natural mortality and the content of main nutrients in xylem(P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 It can be seen that the decrease of soluble sugar, reducing sugar and soluble protein content in phloem of branches of Agrilus mali Matsumura was the main factor affecting the normal development of larvae, as result, it was difficult for larvae to decay into the phloem from late June to late August, resulting in a large number of deaths. This can be used as an important parameter for the population change of Agrilus mali Matsumura.

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Evaluation of the Effects of Host Plant Volatiles and Sticky Traps on the Attraction of Agrilus mali Mastumra Kadeyan Kader, PENG Bin, MA Zhi-Long, Adil Shataer 2019, 56(9): 1720-1732.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.09.018 Abstract ( )   PDF (1055KB) ( )   【Objective】 To carry out the evaluation of plant volatile substances on the attraction of Agrilus mali Masumura in the hope of providing technical support for the effective monitoring of the occurrence dynamics in the forest and for the green control technology which is based on adult trapping and killing. 【Method】The experiment was conducted to attract Agrilus mali Masumura by hanging four wavelength sticky traps and five volatiles in the wild apple orchard. 【Result】The results showed that there were significant differences in the attraction effect of 4 kinds of wavelength sticky traps and 5 kinds of volatile compounds on Agrilus mali Masumura in the forest. The combination of (Z)-3-hexenol with egg yellow and light green sticky traps had stronger attraction effect on Agrilus mali Masumura. The maximum attraction amount in 3 days was 66 and 63, respectively, and the average attraction number in 3 days was 24.67 and 22.48, respectively. Compared with other volatiles, there were significant differences (P<0.05). The number of females which were trapped was significantly higher than that of males. According to the results of volatile dose test, the number of trapped Agrilus mali Masumura showed a decreasing trend with the increase of volatile dose in a certain range. 【Conclusion】It can be seen that Agrilus mali Masumura has a good tendency to egg yellow sticky traps and light green sticky traps, and (Z)-3-hexenol has a synergistic effect on sticky traps. The combination of (Z)-3-hexenol with egg yellow or light green a sticky traps could be used as a means of population dynamics monitoring for Agrilus mali Masumura.

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Spatiotemporal Distribution Research on Economic Forest Resources in Yecheng County, Xinjiang LI Xi-guang, LIU Ping, WANG Lei, LUO Lei, GAO Jian 2019, 56(9): 1733-1742.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.09.019 Abstract ( )   PDF (1919KB) ( )   【Objective】 This project aims to grasp dynamic changes of economic forest resources and put forward the solutions to the imbalance of economic forest distribution in Yecheng County in the hope of providing a scientific theoretical basis for guiding regional forestry production, scientific planning, rational management and stable development. 【Method】'3S' technology was used for field data collection to select representative walnut, red dates, apricots, pomegranate, apples, pears and grapes in Yecheng County. The field survey data of economic forest trees and peaches in 2004-2014 were analyzed by using mathematical statistics and spatial analysis methods to explain the temporal variation and spatial distribution characteristics of economic forest tree species and variety area in Yecheng County. 【Result】In Yecheng County from 2004 to 2014, the largest growth area of walnut was 25,225.74 hm2, the annual average rate of change was 19.02%. The growth area of jujube was the second largest at 1,382.92 hm2, and the annual average rate of change was 1,398.30%. The area of apricot, pomegranate, apple and other trees showed varying degrees of reduction. 【Conclusion】The development model of forest fruit industry in Yecheng County is singular. The main economic forest varieties are mainly walnuts, and the growth area is far superior to other economic forest varieties, and they are unevenly distributed in time and space.

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Research status of plant physiological and ecological information monitoring technology ZHANG Xin-wei, CHEN Yi-fei , YANG Hui-min, MA Yan, WANG Xue-nong 2019, 56(9): 1743-1755.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.09.020 Abstract ( )   PDF (1599KB) ( )   【Objective】 Review and summary of nearly 20 years of plant physiological and ecological status quo and development trend of information monitoring technology, and the analysis of the technology on agricultural production effects, promote plant physiological ecology information monitoring technology to high accuracy the rapidness, wireless remote, the development of the nondestructive dynamic monitoring, which provides the theoretical foundation for the further research of the intelligent sewage sludge and the scientific basis. 【Methods】 Collect relevant literatures at home and abroad, summarize and compare them.【Results】 According to literature records and statistics, the application area of integrated water and fertilizer technology (drip irrigation and fertilization technology) in 2016 has exceeded 4.666,7 million hectares (accounting for 3.46% of the national cultivated land area), and the application area of drip irrigation and fertilization technology (over 95% of the XPCC) in about 59% of xinjiang is close to 2.666,7 million hectares.From cotton, vegetables and other cash crops to wheat, corn and other food crops.Some scholars have explored the intelligent irrigation system based on plant physiological and ecological information monitoring technology and made some progress. However, due to high input cost and imperfect technology, the application area is limited and only confined to the western arid region.【Conclusion】 Intelligent irrigation system based on plant physiological and ecological information monitoring technology has been applied in production and achieved good results in terms of water and fertilizer saving, but its development is limited by high cost and imperfect technology (few guidance on fertilization, certain influence on plant growth, and tedious arrangement and wiring on site, etc.).It is necessary to strengthen the research of plant physiological and ecological information monitoring technology, improve the technology and reduce the cost to promote the development of intelligent irrigation.

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Effects of Different Compaction Work on Mechanical Properties of Non-arable Solidified Gobi Soil in Xinjiang WU Le-tian, SONG Bing-wei, CI Jun, WANG Liang, MA Hao-cheng, SHI Hui-feng 2019, 56(9): 1756-1764.  DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2019.09.021 Abstract ( )   PDF (1540KB) ( )   【Objective】 In this project, the compaction work under different number of compaction was obtained by changing the number of compaction times and the influence of different compaction work on mechanical properties of non-arable solidified Gobi soil in Xinjiang was studied with unconfined compressive strength test and compressive resilience modulus test. 【Method】Based on the test requirements of Standard for Soil Test Method (GB 50123-1999) and Material Test Methods of Materials Stabilized with Inorganic Highway Engineering (JTG E51-2009), the particle analysis test and compaction test were adopted to determine the soil grain composition, category and compaction performance. And the physical properties of Gobi soil before curing were studied and the compressive strength and compressive resilience modulus of cured soil at different ages were further measured. 【Result】(1)The results showed that with the increase of compaction work, the optimal moisture content of Gobi soil was reduced and the maximum dry density increased. (2) The unconfined compressive strength of the solidified Gobi soil specimen increased with the increase of the compaction work during the curing period of 7-60 d, when the curing age reached 60-90 d, the unconfined compressive strength obtained by standard compaction or above standard compaction had little change. (3) In the same curing age, the modulus of compressive resilience of solidified Gobi soil increased with the increase of compaction work. Under the same compaction work, the modulus of compressive resilience increased with the increase of curing age in the curing period of Gobi soil. 【Conclusions】The tests showed that the unconfined compressive strength of 25% standard compaction power for Gobi soil curing at 7 d age is 5.34MPa, which meets the demand for the strength (5.0MPa) of the solar greenhouse wall, thus saving the construction cost and speeding up the construction progress. The research provides some data support and theoretical basis for the construction of the solidified Gobi soil wall in Xinjiang.