Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2023, Vol. 60 ›› Issue (1): 105-115.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.01.013
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XUE Feng1(), PAN Xubing1, WEI Dengpan1, LIU Xiuhai1, FAN Guoyuan1, HU Jinge2, ZHAO Ronghua2, CAI Junshe2, XIE Hui3, BAI Shijian2()
Received:
2022-05-20
Online:
2023-01-20
Published:
2023-03-07
Correspondence author:
BAI Shijian (1986-), male, Shiping, Yunnan, Senior agronomist, Bachelor of Agronomy, research direction: grape breeding and cultivation, (E-mail)594748964@qq.com
Supported by:
薛锋1(), 潘绪兵1, 魏登攀1, 刘秀海1, 范国元1, 户金鸽2, 赵荣华2, 蔡军社2, 谢辉3, 白世践2()
通讯作者:
白世践(1986-),男,云南石屏人,高级农艺师,研究方向为葡萄育种与栽培,(E-mail)594748964@qq.com
作者简介:
薛锋(1972-),男, 陕西人,高级农艺师,研究方向为葡萄栽培与加工,(E-mail)1092766696@qq.com
基金资助:
CLC Number:
XUE Feng, PAN Xubing, WEI Dengpan, LIU Xiuhai, FAN Guoyuan, HU Jinge, ZHAO Ronghua, CAI Junshe, XIE Hui, BAI Shijian. Analysis on Cultivation Characteristics and Raisin Characteristics of Five Seedless Grape Cultivars in Turpan Region[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2023, 60(1): 105-115.
薛锋, 潘绪兵, 魏登攀, 刘秀海, 范国元, 户金鸽, 赵荣华, 蔡军社, 谢辉, 白世践. 5个无核葡萄品种在吐鲁番地区的栽培性状及制干特性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(1): 105-115.
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URL: http://www.xjnykx.com/EN/10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2023.01.013
品质性状 Quality trait | 分值 Score | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | ||
葡萄 Grape | 果穗紧密度 | 适中 | 较紧或较疏 | 紧或疏 | 极紧或极疏 | |
果皮 | 薄 | 较薄 | 中厚 | 较厚 | 厚 | |
涩味 | 无 | 轻微 | 中等 | 较重 | 重 | |
果肉 | 脆 | 较脆 | 较软或较硬 | 软或硬 | ||
甜度 | 极甜 | 甜 | 寡甜 | 酸甜 | ||
香味 | 浓郁 | 中等 | 清淡 | 无 | ||
葡萄干 Raisin | 果皮 | 薄 | 较薄 | 中厚 | 较厚 | 厚 |
饱满度 | 饱满 | 较饱满 | 不饱满 | 极不饱满 | ||
质地 | 软 | 较软 | 较硬 | 硬 | ||
甜度 | 极甜 | 甜 | 寡甜 | 酸甜 | ||
香味 | 浓郁 | 中等 | 清淡 | 无 |
Table 1 Appraisal criterion of qualitative characters
品质性状 Quality trait | 分值 Score | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | ||
葡萄 Grape | 果穗紧密度 | 适中 | 较紧或较疏 | 紧或疏 | 极紧或极疏 | |
果皮 | 薄 | 较薄 | 中厚 | 较厚 | 厚 | |
涩味 | 无 | 轻微 | 中等 | 较重 | 重 | |
果肉 | 脆 | 较脆 | 较软或较硬 | 软或硬 | ||
甜度 | 极甜 | 甜 | 寡甜 | 酸甜 | ||
香味 | 浓郁 | 中等 | 清淡 | 无 | ||
葡萄干 Raisin | 果皮 | 薄 | 较薄 | 中厚 | 较厚 | 厚 |
饱满度 | 饱满 | 较饱满 | 不饱满 | 极不饱满 | ||
质地 | 软 | 较软 | 较硬 | 硬 | ||
甜度 | 极甜 | 甜 | 寡甜 | 酸甜 | ||
香味 | 浓郁 | 中等 | 清淡 | 无 |
品种 Cultivar | 萌芽期 Budding stage | 展叶期 Leaf- expansion period | 始花期 Blossom initiation | 盛花期 Full blossom | 花末期 Ending blossom | 始熟期 Maturation initiation | 完熟期 Materation | 从萌芽到 成熟历时 Growth duration (d) | 熟性 Maturation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
无核白 Thompson Seedless | 13/4 | 18/4 | 15/5 | 17/5 | 20/5 | 28/6 | 15/8 | 125 | 中熟 |
无核白鸡心 Centennial Seedless | 11/4 | 17/4 | 14/5 | 17/5 | 19/5 | 02/7 | 18/8 | 130 | 中熟 |
长粒无核白 Long-berry Thompson Seedless | 12/4 | 17/4 | 14/5 | 18/5 | 20/5 | 02/7 | 16/8 | 127 | 中熟 |
波尔莱特 Polette | 12/4 | 18/4 | 14/5 | 17/5 | 20/5 | 15/7 | 01/9 | 142 | 晚熟 |
紫甜无核 Zitian Seedless | 12/4 | 17/4 | 15/5 | 19/5 | 21/5 | 05/7 | 25/8 | 136 | 中晚熟 |
Table 2 Primary phenophase of five seedless grape cultivars(D/M)
品种 Cultivar | 萌芽期 Budding stage | 展叶期 Leaf- expansion period | 始花期 Blossom initiation | 盛花期 Full blossom | 花末期 Ending blossom | 始熟期 Maturation initiation | 完熟期 Materation | 从萌芽到 成熟历时 Growth duration (d) | 熟性 Maturation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
无核白 Thompson Seedless | 13/4 | 18/4 | 15/5 | 17/5 | 20/5 | 28/6 | 15/8 | 125 | 中熟 |
无核白鸡心 Centennial Seedless | 11/4 | 17/4 | 14/5 | 17/5 | 19/5 | 02/7 | 18/8 | 130 | 中熟 |
长粒无核白 Long-berry Thompson Seedless | 12/4 | 17/4 | 14/5 | 18/5 | 20/5 | 02/7 | 16/8 | 127 | 中熟 |
波尔莱特 Polette | 12/4 | 18/4 | 14/5 | 17/5 | 20/5 | 15/7 | 01/9 | 142 | 晚熟 |
紫甜无核 Zitian Seedless | 12/4 | 17/4 | 15/5 | 19/5 | 21/5 | 05/7 | 25/8 | 136 | 中晚熟 |
品种 Cultivar | 萌芽率 Percentage of bud burst (%) | 结果枝率 Percentage of bearing shoots (%) | 结果系数 Fruiting coefficient | 平均单株产量 Average single plant yield (kg) | 生长势 Vigor of plant growth | 丰产性 Yielding ability | 稳产性 Yield stability |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
无核白 Thompson Seedless | 73.33±9.06a | 54.09±1.53b | 1.12±0.03ab | 35.43±2.45a | 中 | 高 | 好 |
无核白鸡心 Centennial Seedless | 53.70±6.44b | 66.96±8.01a | 1.180±0.08a | 14.28±2.58c | 强 | 低 | 差 |
长粒无核白 Long-berry Thompson Seedless | 71.17±2.00a | 52.32±3.02b | 1.09±0.03b | 27.13±1.72b | 中 | 中 | 好 |
波尔莱特 Polette | 66.91±3.32a | 47.97±6.03b | 1.07±0.03b | 27.22±1.67b | 中 | 中 | 好 |
紫甜无核 Zitian Seedless | 68.01±6.97a | 68.58±3.48a | 1.18±0.03a | 25.62±3.02b | 中等偏弱 | 高 | 好 |
Table 3 Comparison of growth habit of five seedless grape cultivars
品种 Cultivar | 萌芽率 Percentage of bud burst (%) | 结果枝率 Percentage of bearing shoots (%) | 结果系数 Fruiting coefficient | 平均单株产量 Average single plant yield (kg) | 生长势 Vigor of plant growth | 丰产性 Yielding ability | 稳产性 Yield stability |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
无核白 Thompson Seedless | 73.33±9.06a | 54.09±1.53b | 1.12±0.03ab | 35.43±2.45a | 中 | 高 | 好 |
无核白鸡心 Centennial Seedless | 53.70±6.44b | 66.96±8.01a | 1.180±0.08a | 14.28±2.58c | 强 | 低 | 差 |
长粒无核白 Long-berry Thompson Seedless | 71.17±2.00a | 52.32±3.02b | 1.09±0.03b | 27.13±1.72b | 中 | 中 | 好 |
波尔莱特 Polette | 66.91±3.32a | 47.97±6.03b | 1.07±0.03b | 27.22±1.67b | 中 | 中 | 好 |
紫甜无核 Zitian Seedless | 68.01±6.97a | 68.58±3.48a | 1.18±0.03a | 25.62±3.02b | 中等偏弱 | 高 | 好 |
品种 Cultivar | 果穗质量 Cluster mass (g) | 果粒质量 Berry mass (g) | 果形指数 Fruit shape index | 果粒形状 Fruit shape | 果穗紧 密度 Cluster density | 果实颜色 Fruit color | 果粒着色 一致性 Berry color consistency |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
无核白 Thompson Seedless | 530.05±73.82b | 3.79±0.84c | 1.43±0.06bc | 短椭圆形 | 较紧密 | 黄绿 | 一致 |
无核白鸡心 Centennial Seedless | 755.42±197.51a | 6.73±0.79a | 1.62±0.05b | 鸡心形 | 适中 | 黄绿 | 一致 |
长粒无核白 Long-berry Thompson Seedless | 657.65±61.80ab | 5.60±0.34b | 2.53±0.07a | 指形 | 较紧密 | 黄绿 | 一致 |
波尔莱特 Polette | 687.50±124.98ab | 5.24±0.89bc | 1.57±0.18b | 倒卵圆形 | 适中 | 绿黄 | 一致 |
紫甜无核 Zitian Seedless | 647.26±94.97ab | 6.21±0.62ab | 1.36±0.06c | 鸡心形 | 适中 | 紫黑-蓝黑 | 一致 |
Table 4 Comparison of appearance quality of five seedless grape cultivars
品种 Cultivar | 果穗质量 Cluster mass (g) | 果粒质量 Berry mass (g) | 果形指数 Fruit shape index | 果粒形状 Fruit shape | 果穗紧 密度 Cluster density | 果实颜色 Fruit color | 果粒着色 一致性 Berry color consistency |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
无核白 Thompson Seedless | 530.05±73.82b | 3.79±0.84c | 1.43±0.06bc | 短椭圆形 | 较紧密 | 黄绿 | 一致 |
无核白鸡心 Centennial Seedless | 755.42±197.51a | 6.73±0.79a | 1.62±0.05b | 鸡心形 | 适中 | 黄绿 | 一致 |
长粒无核白 Long-berry Thompson Seedless | 657.65±61.80ab | 5.60±0.34b | 2.53±0.07a | 指形 | 较紧密 | 黄绿 | 一致 |
波尔莱特 Polette | 687.50±124.98ab | 5.24±0.89bc | 1.57±0.18b | 倒卵圆形 | 适中 | 绿黄 | 一致 |
紫甜无核 Zitian Seedless | 647.26±94.97ab | 6.21±0.62ab | 1.36±0.06c | 鸡心形 | 适中 | 紫黑-蓝黑 | 一致 |
品种 Cultivar | 可溶性固形物 Soluble solids (%) | 可滴定酸 Titratable acid (%) | 固酸比 TSS/TA | VC VC(mg/kg) | 香味 Aroma | 口感 Taste |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
无核白 Thompson Seedless | 23.40±0.85a | 0.46±0.02c | 50.51±0.28ab | 24.92±2.81c | — | 皮较薄无涩味、 肉脆、极甜 |
无核白鸡心 Centennial Seedless | 21.07±0.34b | 0.41±0.02c | 51.52±5.12ab | 36.05±2.89b | 淡玫瑰香 | 皮中厚有轻微涩味、 肉脆、香甜 |
长粒无核白 Long-berry Thompson Seedless | 24.43±0.87a | 0.54±0.04b | 45.89±2.48b | 22.46±0.18c | — | 皮较薄无涩味、 肉脆、甜 |
波尔莱特 Polette | 23.63±0.25a | 0.65±0.02a | 37.18±1.77c | 38.52±0.15b | — | 皮中厚有中等涩味、 肉较脆、甜 |
紫甜无核 Zitian Seedless | 19.66±1.09c | 0.34±0.04d | 58.02±6.34a | 51.46±0.77a | 淡牛奶香 | 皮较薄无涩味、 肉较脆、清香甜 |
Table 5 Comparison of internal quality and taste of five seedless grape cultivars
品种 Cultivar | 可溶性固形物 Soluble solids (%) | 可滴定酸 Titratable acid (%) | 固酸比 TSS/TA | VC VC(mg/kg) | 香味 Aroma | 口感 Taste |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
无核白 Thompson Seedless | 23.40±0.85a | 0.46±0.02c | 50.51±0.28ab | 24.92±2.81c | — | 皮较薄无涩味、 肉脆、极甜 |
无核白鸡心 Centennial Seedless | 21.07±0.34b | 0.41±0.02c | 51.52±5.12ab | 36.05±2.89b | 淡玫瑰香 | 皮中厚有轻微涩味、 肉脆、香甜 |
长粒无核白 Long-berry Thompson Seedless | 24.43±0.87a | 0.54±0.04b | 45.89±2.48b | 22.46±0.18c | — | 皮较薄无涩味、 肉脆、甜 |
波尔莱特 Polette | 23.63±0.25a | 0.65±0.02a | 37.18±1.77c | 38.52±0.15b | — | 皮中厚有中等涩味、 肉较脆、甜 |
紫甜无核 Zitian Seedless | 19.66±1.09c | 0.34±0.04d | 58.02±6.34a | 51.46±0.77a | 淡牛奶香 | 皮较薄无涩味、 肉较脆、清香甜 |
主成分 Principle factor | CI1 | CI2 | CI3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
特征值 Eigen value | 5.696 | 3.995 | 1.496 | |
贡献率 Contribution ratio (%) | 47.470 | 33.288 | 12.466 | |
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution ratio(%) | 47.470 | 80.757 | 93.223 | |
特征向量 Eigen vector | 果穗质量 | 0.31 | -0.22 | 0.40 |
果粒质量 | 0.36 | -0.01 | 0.36 | |
果穗紧密度 | 0.39 | -0.13 | -0.19 | |
可溶性固形物 | -0.34 | -0.27 | 0.12 | |
可滴定酸 | 0.17 | 0.45 | 0.07 | |
固酸比 | 0.14 | 0.47 | 0.05 | |
VC | 0.36 | 0.06 | -0.40 | |
香味 | 0.36 | 0.23 | 0.13 | |
果皮 | -0.20 | 0.37 | -0.13 | |
涩味 | -0.14 | 0.45 | 0.12 | |
果肉 | -0.22 | 0.12 | 0.63 | |
甜度 | -0.30 | 0.19 | -0.21 |
Table 6 Eigenvectors and percentage of accumulated contribution of principal components
主成分 Principle factor | CI1 | CI2 | CI3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
特征值 Eigen value | 5.696 | 3.995 | 1.496 | |
贡献率 Contribution ratio (%) | 47.470 | 33.288 | 12.466 | |
累计贡献率 Cumulative contribution ratio(%) | 47.470 | 80.757 | 93.223 | |
特征向量 Eigen vector | 果穗质量 | 0.31 | -0.22 | 0.40 |
果粒质量 | 0.36 | -0.01 | 0.36 | |
果穗紧密度 | 0.39 | -0.13 | -0.19 | |
可溶性固形物 | -0.34 | -0.27 | 0.12 | |
可滴定酸 | 0.17 | 0.45 | 0.07 | |
固酸比 | 0.14 | 0.47 | 0.05 | |
VC | 0.36 | 0.06 | -0.40 | |
香味 | 0.36 | 0.23 | 0.13 | |
果皮 | -0.20 | 0.37 | -0.13 | |
涩味 | -0.14 | 0.45 | 0.12 | |
果肉 | -0.22 | 0.12 | 0.63 | |
甜度 | -0.30 | 0.19 | -0.21 |
品种 Cultivar | CI1 | CI2 | CI3 | D值 Value D | 排名 Ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
无核白 Thompson Seedless | -3.06 | 1.33 | -0.57 | -1.16 | 5 |
无核白鸡心 Centennial Seedless | 2.14 | -0.10 | 1.46 | 1.25 | 2 |
长粒无核白 Long-berry Thompson Seedless | -1.76 | -0.18 | 1.18 | -0.81 | 3 |
波尔莱特 Polette | 0.32 | -3.13 | -1.04 | -1.10 | 4 |
紫甜无核 Zitian Seedless | 2.37 | 2.09 | -1.03 | 1.81 | 1 |
权重 Index weight | 0.51 | 0.36 | 0.13 |
Table 7 Value D and comprehensive valuation of grape quality
品种 Cultivar | CI1 | CI2 | CI3 | D值 Value D | 排名 Ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
无核白 Thompson Seedless | -3.06 | 1.33 | -0.57 | -1.16 | 5 |
无核白鸡心 Centennial Seedless | 2.14 | -0.10 | 1.46 | 1.25 | 2 |
长粒无核白 Long-berry Thompson Seedless | -1.76 | -0.18 | 1.18 | -0.81 | 3 |
波尔莱特 Polette | 0.32 | -3.13 | -1.04 | -1.10 | 4 |
紫甜无核 Zitian Seedless | 2.37 | 2.09 | -1.03 | 1.81 | 1 |
权重 Index weight | 0.51 | 0.36 | 0.13 |
主成分Principle factor | CI1 | CI2 | |
---|---|---|---|
特征值Eigen value | 5.081 | 3.229 | |
贡献率Contribution ratio(%) | 50.805 | 32.286 | |
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution ratio(%) | 50.805 | 83.091 | |
特征向量 Eigen vector | 单粒质量 | 0.27 | -0.41 |
葡萄干可溶性固形物 | -0.41 | 0.08 | |
葡萄干可滴定酸 | 0.41 | -0.03 | |
葡萄干固酸比 | 0.39 | 0.26 | |
葡萄干VC | 0.41 | -0.04 | |
葡萄干香味 | 0.38 | 0.24 | |
葡萄干果皮 | -0.01 | 0.53 | |
饱满度 | -0.29 | -0.07 | |
葡萄干质地 | 0.11 | 0.46 | |
葡萄干甜度 | -0.18 | 0.45 |
Table 9 Eigenvectors and percentage of accumulated contribution of principal components
主成分Principle factor | CI1 | CI2 | |
---|---|---|---|
特征值Eigen value | 5.081 | 3.229 | |
贡献率Contribution ratio(%) | 50.805 | 32.286 | |
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution ratio(%) | 50.805 | 83.091 | |
特征向量 Eigen vector | 单粒质量 | 0.27 | -0.41 |
葡萄干可溶性固形物 | -0.41 | 0.08 | |
葡萄干可滴定酸 | 0.41 | -0.03 | |
葡萄干固酸比 | 0.39 | 0.26 | |
葡萄干VC | 0.41 | -0.04 | |
葡萄干香味 | 0.38 | 0.24 | |
葡萄干果皮 | -0.01 | 0.53 | |
饱满度 | -0.29 | -0.07 | |
葡萄干质地 | 0.11 | 0.46 | |
葡萄干甜度 | -0.18 | 0.45 |
品种 Cultivar | CI1 | CI2 | D值 Value D | 排名 Ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|
无核白Thompson Seedless | -3.01 | 1.28 | -1.34 | 5 |
无核白鸡心 Centennial Seedless | 2.74 | 0.84 | 2.00 | 1 |
长粒无核白 Long-berry Thompson Seedless | -1.29 | -0.19 | -0.86 | 3 |
波尔莱特Polette | 0.10 | -3.05 | -1.12 | 4 |
紫甜无核Zitian Seedless | 1.46 | 1.11 | 1.32 | 2 |
权重Index weight | 0.61 | 0.39 |
Table 10 Value D and comprehensive valuation of raisin quality
品种 Cultivar | CI1 | CI2 | D值 Value D | 排名 Ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|
无核白Thompson Seedless | -3.01 | 1.28 | -1.34 | 5 |
无核白鸡心 Centennial Seedless | 2.74 | 0.84 | 2.00 | 1 |
长粒无核白 Long-berry Thompson Seedless | -1.29 | -0.19 | -0.86 | 3 |
波尔莱特Polette | 0.10 | -3.05 | -1.12 | 4 |
紫甜无核Zitian Seedless | 1.46 | 1.11 | 1.32 | 2 |
权重Index weight | 0.61 | 0.39 |
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