Comparative Study on Biological Characteristics, Shoot Growth Characteristics and Fruit Quality Characteristics of Different Pear Varieties during Flowering Period

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.11.007

Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (11): 2652-2660.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.11.007

• Crop Genetics and Breeding・Cultivation Physiology・Germplasm Resources • Previous Articles Next Articles

Comparative Study on Biological Characteristics, Shoot Growth Characteristics and Fruit Quality Characteristics of Different Pear Varieties during Flowering Period

WANG Ruizhe¹(), CUI Huimin¹, GUO Tiequn², HE Tianming¹, ZHANG Bei², CHENG Jiabao¹, Mansur Nasir¹()

1. College of Forestry & Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Bayingolin Mongolia Autonomous Prefecture, Korla Xinjiang 841010, China

Received:2022-01-05 Online:2022-11-20 Published:2022-12-28
Correspondence author: Mansur Nasir
Supported by:
The XPCC's Scientific and Technological Breakthrough Program Project in Agriculture“Research and Demonstration of the Key Technology of UAV Pollination in Korla Fragrant Pear”(2021AB016);Fragrant pear disease-resistant pollination (H) of Xinjiang Bazhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences(6660216-2520HXKT1);Xuexiang ('XH-07' breeding) in Xinjiang Bazhou Nursery(XJLYKJ202118)

5个梨品种枝叶生长与开花结果特性比较

王睿哲¹(), 崔慧敏¹, 郭铁群², 何天明¹, 张蓓², 程嘉宝¹, 曼苏尔・那斯尔¹()

1.新疆农业大学园艺学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州农业科学研究所,新疆库尔勒 841010

通讯作者: 曼苏尔?那斯尔
作者简介:王睿哲(1997-),男,新疆塔城人,硕士研究生,研究方向为果树种质资源,(E-mail)1034064034@qq.com
基金资助:
农业领域兵团科技攻关计划“库尔勒香梨无人机授粉关键技术研究与示范”(2021AB016);香梨抗病授粉(H)新疆巴州农科院(6660216-2520HXKT1);梨新品系雪香(XH-07选育)新疆巴州苗圃(XJLYKJ202118)

Abstract

Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose of this project is to study the flowering biology, shoot growth and fruit quality characteristics of five pear cultivars in Bayingoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang in the hope of providing a scientific reference for the selection of auxiliary planting cultivars, the configuration of pollinating trees and fruit quality evaluation during the cultivation process of Korla fragrant pear in this region.【Methods】 Korla fragrant pear were taken as the experimental control, four pear varieties, Xuexiang, Xinli No. 7, Yuluxiang and Hongxiangsu in the Korla fragrant pear family were used as the test varieties. The related indicators of intrinsic quality were analyzed, and the principal component analysis was carried out to study the flowering biology, shoot growth and fruit quality characteristics of different pear varieties. 【Results】 The pollen count and pollen activity of Xuexiang were 4,000 grains and 48.52 ％, respectively, which were close to the experimental control and significantly higher than other varieties, and the fruit setting rate of natural pollination was high, reaching 54.40 ％. The new shoots of the five pear varieties all started to grow rapidly from April 30. The sugar-acid ratio of Xinli 7 was 6.71, and the vitamin C content was 25.84, which was significantly lower than those of the experimental control, but it belonged to an early-maturing variety; the sugar-acid ratio of Xuexiang was 11.31, which was not much different from the experimental control; The sugar-acid ratio of Yuluxiang was higher than that of Korla fragrant pear, and the content of soluble solids was similar to that of the experimental control. Principal component analysis showed that the fruit quality of Xinli 7 and Xuexiang was similar. 【Conclusion】 Xuexiang, Xinli No. 7 and Yuluxiang can be selected as auxiliary cultivars of Korla fragrant pear.

Key words: pear; biological characteristics of flowering period; shoot growth characteristics; fruit quality characteristics

摘要：

【目的】研究新疆库尔勒地区5个梨品种的花期生物学、新梢生长及果实品质特征,为该地区库尔勒香梨栽培过程中辅栽品种选择、授粉树配置及果实品质评价提供科学参考。【方法】以库尔勒香梨为对照,库尔勒香梨同胞家族中的雪香、新梨7号、玉露香和红香酥4个梨品种为供试品种,采用人工调查及测定果实外在、内在品质的相关指标及主成分分析方法,研究不同梨品种的花期生物学、新梢生长及果实品质特征。【结果】雪香花粉量及花粉活性分别为4 000粒和48.52 ％,且显著高于其它品种,自然授粉坐果率高,达54.40 ％。5个梨品种新梢生长均从4月30日开始进入快速生长。新梨7号糖酸比为6.71,VC含量为25.84,显著低于试验对照,但其属于早熟品种;雪香糖酸比为11.31,与试验对照相差不大;玉露香糖酸比高于库尔勒香梨,VC、可溶性固形物含量与对照相近。新梨7号和雪香两个品种果实品质较为相似。【结论】选择雪香、新梨7号和玉露香作为库尔勒香梨的辅栽品种。

关键词: 梨, 花期生物学特性, 新梢生长特征, 果实品质特征

CLC Number:

S661.2

WANG Ruizhe, CUI Huimin, GUO Tiequn, HE Tianming, ZHANG Bei, CHENG Jiabao, Mansur Nasir. Comparative Study on Biological Characteristics, Shoot Growth Characteristics and Fruit Quality Characteristics of Different Pear Varieties during Flowering Period[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(11): 2652-2660.

王睿哲, 崔慧敏, 郭铁群, 何天明, 张蓓, 程嘉宝, 曼苏尔・那斯尔. 5个梨品种枝叶生长与开花结果特性比较[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(11): 2652-2660.

Figures/Tables 12

References 19

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品种 Variety	萌动期 Germination period	初花期 Early flowering	盛花期 Full bloom	落花始期 Beginning of flowering	落花末期 End of flowering	果实成熟期 fruit ripening
库尔勒香梨 Korla Fragrant Pear	26/3	8/4	10/4	17/4	23/4	9/3
雪香Xuexiang	26/3	8/4	10/4	17/4	21/4	26/8
新梨7号Xinli 7	25/3	9/4	12/4	16/4	20/4	25/7
红香酥Hongxiangsu	28/3	11/4	14/4	20/4	24/4	8/9
玉露香Yuluxiang	27/3	9/4	12 /4	17/4	21/4	2/9

品种 Variety	萌动期 Germination period	初花期 Early flowering	盛花期 Full bloom	落花始期 Beginning of flowering	落花末期 End of flowering	果实成熟期 fruit ripening
库尔勒香梨 Korla Fragrant Pear	26/3	8/4	10/4	17/4	23/4	9/3
雪香Xuexiang	26/3	8/4	10/4	17/4	21/4	26/8
新梨7号Xinli 7	25/3	9/4	12/4	16/4	20/4	25/7
红香酥Hongxiangsu	28/3	11/4	14/4	20/4	24/4	8/9
玉露香Yuluxiang	27/3	9/4	12 /4	17/4	21/4	2/9

品种 Variety	雄蕊数 Number of stamens	雌蕊数 Number of pistils	花瓣数 Number of petals	花朵数 Number of flowers	雌蕊颜色 Pistil color	花瓣颜色 Petal color	花瓣位置 Petal position
库尔勒香梨 Korla Fragrant Pear	19~25	5	5	3~6	紫红	白色	分离
雪香Xuexiang	20~25	5	5	4~8	紫红	白色	分离
新梨7号Xinli 7	17~20	5	5	3~6	粉色	白色	邻接
红香酥Hongxiangsu	19~22	5	5	3~6	浅粉色	白色	分离
玉露香Yuluxiang	18~21	5	5	3~7	粉色	白色	分离

品种 Variety	雄蕊数 Number of stamens	雌蕊数 Number of pistils	花瓣数 Number of petals	花朵数 Number of flowers	雌蕊颜色 Pistil color	花瓣颜色 Petal color	花瓣位置 Petal position
库尔勒香梨 Korla Fragrant Pear	19~25	5	5	3~6	紫红	白色	分离
雪香Xuexiang	20~25	5	5	4~8	紫红	白色	分离
新梨7号Xinli 7	17~20	5	5	3~6	粉色	白色	邻接
红香酥Hongxiangsu	19~22	5	5	3~6	浅粉色	白色	分离
玉露香Yuluxiang	18~21	5	5	3~7	粉色	白色	分离

品种 Variety	大蕾期 Flower bud stage	开花第1 d Day 1 after flowering	开花第2 d Day 2 after flowering	开花第3 d Day 3 after flowering	开花第4 d Day 4 after flowering	开花第5 d Day 5 after flowering	开花第6 d Day 6 after flowering	开花第7 d Day 7 after flowering
库尔勒香梨 Korla Fragrant Pear	＋	＋＋＋	＋＋＋	＋＋＋	＋＋	＋	＋	-
雪香Xuexiang	＋	＋＋＋	＋＋＋	＋＋＋	＋＋	＋＋	＋	-
新梨7号Xinli 7	＋	＋＋＋	＋＋＋	＋＋	＋	-	-	-
红香酥Hongxiangsu	＋	＋＋＋	＋＋＋	＋＋	＋	-	-	-
玉露香Yuluxiang	＋	＋＋＋	＋＋＋	＋＋＋	＋	-	-	-

Comparative Study on Biological Characteristics, Shoot Growth Characteristics and Fruit Quality Characteristics of Different Pear Varieties during Flowering Period

5个梨品种枝叶生长与开花结果特性比较

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Figures/Tables 12

References 19

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品种 Variety	叶绿素SPAD值 Chlorophyll SPAD value	平均单叶面积 Average individual leaf area (cm²)	平均单叶鲜重 Average fresh weight of single leaf (g)	平均单叶干重 Average dry weight of single leaf (g)	比叶面积 Specific leaf area
库尔勒香梨 Korla Fragrant Pear	41.76	42.39	0.87	0.43	98.13
雪香Xuexiang	46.09	53.29	1.29	0.66	81.03
新梨7号Xinli 7	41.69	47.56	0.95	0.41	115.43
红香酥Hongxiangsu	43.29	46.98	1.07	0.46	102.27
玉露香Yuluxiang	39.33	46.07	1.03	0.45	102.12

品种 Variety	单果重 Single fruit weight (g)	果实纵径 Longitudinal diameter of fruit (mm)	果实横径 Cross diameter of fruit (mm)	果形指数 Fruit shape index (mm)	果梗纵径 Longitudinal diameter of fruit pedicel(mm)	果梗横径 Diameter of fruit pedicel (mm)
库尔勒香梨 Korla Fragrant Pear	134.08±2.45^c	61.86±1.36^c	55.29±1.73^c	1.12±0.02^ab	27.71±0.87^c	3.30±0.17^b
雪香Xuexiang	192.04±4.44^b	74.90±0.81^b	68.60±1.91^b	1.10±0.03^b	39.51±0.51^b	2.78±0.09^b
新梨7号Xinli 7	193.10±2.47^b	77.14±3.23^ab	70.14±3.32^b	1.10±0.02^b	29.62±0.49^c	2.63±0.12^b
红香酥Hongxiangsu	183.78±3.98^b	79.33±2.54^ab	66.47±1.01^b	1.19±0.01^a	40.56±1.12^b	6.12±0.48^a
玉露香Yuluxiang	258.03±2.61^a	83.64±1.59^a	81.98±1.12^a	1.02±0.01^c	43.68±0.99^a	3.42±0.12^b

品种 Variety	果实硬度 Fruit firmness (kg/cm²)	可溶性固形物含量 Soluble solids content (％)	VC含量 VC content (mg/kg)	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content (g/kg)	可滴定酸含量 Titratable acid content (g/kg)	糖酸比 Sugar to acid ratio
库尔勒香梨 Korla Fragrant Pear	7.60±0.16^a	12.90±.277^a	36.72±1.56^b	7.64±0.30^b	0.74±0.02^c	10.39±0.54^a
雪香XueXiang	5.38±0.26^c	10.96±0.48^c	24.65±0.95^d	7.61±0.27^b	0.67±0.02^c	11.31±0.68^a
新梨7号Xinli 7	4.89±0.06^c	10.42±0.15^c	25.84±1.48^cd	6.13±0.07^c	0.92±0.02^b	6.71±0.21^b
红香酥Hongxiangsu	6.35±0.14^b	11.44±0.42^bc	47.72±3.67^a	6.77±0.28^bc	1.18±0.04^a	5.77±0.37^b
玉露香Yuluxiang	6.31±0.09^b	12.16±0.14^ab	32.29±1.70^bc	9.09±0.64^a	0.71±0.06^c	13..15±1.56^a

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