氮素含量对亚洲玉米螟取食及选择性影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.05.019

新疆农业科学 ›› 2022, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (5): 1196-1202.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2022.05.019

• 植物保护·微生物·贮藏保鲜加工 • 上一篇下一篇

氮素含量对亚洲玉米螟取食及选择性影响

袁洁¹^,²(), 丁新华²(), 付开赟², 贾尊尊², 阿尔孜姑丽·肉孜², 吐尔逊·阿合买提², 郭文超²()

1.新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业农村部西北荒漠绿洲作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2021-11-21 出版日期:2022-05-20 发布日期:2022-06-09
通信作者: 丁新华,郭文超
作者简介:袁洁(1996-),女,新疆乌鲁木齐人,硕士研究生,研究方向为农业昆虫与害虫防治,(E-mail) yj960805@126.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划“北方玉米化肥农药减施技术集成研究与示范”(2017YFD0201800);国家自然科学基金“新疆同域亚洲玉米螟和欧洲玉米螟种间竞争取代的种群分化与环境驱动机制”(31960538)

Effects of Different Nitrogen Contents on Population Proliferation of Asian Corn Borer

YUAN Jie¹^,²(), DING Xinhua²(), FU Kaiyun², JIA Zunzun², Aerziguli Ruo², Tursun Ahemat², GUO Wenchao²()

1. College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830091,China
2. Key Laboratory of Intergraded Management of Harmful Crop Vermin of China Northwestern Oasis, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the P.R.C. /Institute of Plant Protection,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China

Received:2021-11-21 Online:2022-05-20 Published:2022-06-09
Correspondence author: DING Xinhua, GUO Wenchao
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program Project "Integrated Research and Demonstration of Northern Corn Fertilizer and Pesticide Reduction Technology"(2017YFD0201800);National Natural Science Foundation of China "Xinjiang Symmetrical Asian Corn Borer and European Corn Borer Interspecies Differentiation and Environmental Drive Mechanism"(31960538)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究亚洲玉米螟幼虫对不同氮素含量取食和选择特性,了解植物营养与昆虫选择之间的关系,为亚洲玉米螟幼虫的取食、选择提供理论依据。【方法】采用室内采用叶碟法对亚洲玉米螟进行取食选择实验,计算取食率;在室外人工模拟设计出5个氮肥施肥量处理,调查玉米螟的危害情况。【结果】亚洲玉米螟幼虫在 48 h 非选择实验中,接虫2 h后,在对照(N含量10.69%)和N₄(18.84%)的取食率最高,为58%,接虫第4~6 h,取食选择性依次为N₃>N₅>N₄>N₁>N₂,初孵幼虫在N₄(18.84%)的第8、12、36和48 h的取食率最高,依次为70.5%、67%、61.5%、63.5%;N₄(18.84%)上的取食率在36 h时达到最高,为43.3%,比对照高10%,N₅(30.31%)取食率在8 h时达到最高,为46.67%,比对照高20%,差异显著(P<0.05);不同氮素施肥量亚洲玉米螟发生为害中被害株率达到10%以上有2个处理,其中被害株率最高的是50 kg/667m²,达到22.89%,其次是40 kg/667m²为12.67%,二者差异不显著(P>0.05),但是与其他处理之间差异显著(P<0.05)。【结论】不同N素含量对亚洲玉米螟幼虫取食、选择具有显著影响,但是存在一定阈值,超过该值以后,取食率、被害株率等相对数据可能保持平稳或者往相反的方向发展。

关键词: 亚洲玉米螟; 氮素; 取食选择; 取食率; 危害

Abstract:

【Objective】 To clarify the effects of artificial diets with different nitrogen contents on the growth, development and reproduction of the Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis), in the hope of providing some theoretical basis for the feeding and selection of Asian corn borer larvae. 【Method】 Two methods were adopted in the study: in the laboratory, food selection experiment on Asian corn borer was conducted by leaf dish method to calculated the feeding rate; Outside, five different nitrogen content feeds with nitrogen content of 3.94%, 7.33%, 10.69%, 18.84%, and 30.31% were set to determine the effects of different nitrogen content on the growth and development of the Asian corn borer. 【Results】 At 25℃ the low nitrogen level N₁ (nitrogen content 3.94%) failed to emerge normally, and the larval development period was the longest. When the nitrogen content increased to 18.84% (N₄), the intrinsic growth rate (0.13) and net proliferation rate (66.14), weekly growth rate (1.14), hatching rate (90.06%) was the highest, average generation period (30.79), population doubling time (5.17) was the shortest, which was significantly different from the other four nitrogen levels (P<0.05), the larval duration was significantly shortened, the N₄ pupation rate (98.66%), emergence rate (95.45%), survival rate (91.33%), and average egg production per female (120.12±9.73) were the highest, but when the nitrogen content after reaching 30.31%, the intrinsic growth rate (0.04), net multiplication rate (44.71), and weekly growth rate (1.04) were the lowest, the average generation period (92.36), and the population doubling time (16.85) was the longest, at 25℃ and, the result at 30℃ was close to that at 20℃. In addition, there was no significant difference in the pupal stage, adult moth lifespan, and female fecundity between the three temperature treatments (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 Nitrogen content is closely related to the individual development of the Asian corn borer and the population multiplication. In a certain interval, with the increase of nitrogen content, the growth speeds up and the population multiplication ability is enhanced. High nitrogen 30.31% and low nitrogen 3.94% both have a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of corn borer.

Key words: Asian corn borer; nitrogen; food choice; feeding rate; damage

中图分类号:

S435.112.6

袁洁, 丁新华, 付开赟, 贾尊尊, 阿尔孜姑丽·肉孜, 吐尔逊·阿合买提, 郭文超. 氮素含量对亚洲玉米螟取食及选择性影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2022, 59(5): 1196-1202.

YUAN Jie, DING Xinhua, FU Kaiyun, JIA Zunzun, Aerziguli Ruo, Tursun Ahemat, GUO Wenchao. Effects of Different Nitrogen Contents on Population Proliferation of Asian Corn Borer[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2022, 59(5): 1196-1202.

图/表 6

表1 5种不同氮素含量亚洲玉米螟的人工饲料配方

Table 1 Five artificial feed formulas for Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée),Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenee) with different nitrogen content

成分Component	氮含量 N Content
成分Component	N₁(3.94%)	N₂(7.33%)	N₃(10.69%) (CK)	N₄(18.84%)	N₅(30.31%)
玉米糁Maize granule( g/kg)	430.00	340.00	200.00	110.00	0.00
大豆糁Soybean granule( g/kg)	0.00	50.00	150.00	150.00	100.00
酵母粉Yeast powder( g/kg)	0.00	40.00	80.00	160.00	330.00
对羟基甲酸酯Nipagin ester( g/kg)	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00	10.00
山梨酸Sorbic acid( g/kg)	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00
葡萄糖Glucose( g/kg)	50.00	50.00	50.00	50.00	50.00
VC( g/kg)	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00	5.00
琼脂Agar-agar( g/kg)	20.00	20.00	20.00	20.00	20.00

图1 非选择性试验示意

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of non-selective experiment

图2 选择性试验示意

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of selective experiment

图3 不同N素含量水平人工饲料下亚洲玉米螟非选择性取食变化

Fig.3 Effects of artificial diets with different N content levels on non selective feeding of Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée)

图4 不同N素含量水平人工饲料下亚洲玉米螟取食选择性取食变化注:A:氮素含量3.94%(N1);B:氮素含量7.33%(N2);C:氮素含量18.84%(N4);D:氮素含量30.31%(N5)

Fig.4 Effects of artificial diets with different N content levels on digestive enzyme activity of Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée),Ostrinia furnacalis(Guenee) Note:A:Nitrogen content 3.94% (N1);B:Nitrogen content 7.33%(N2);C:Nitrogen content18.84%(N4);D:Nitrogen content 30.31%(N5)

表2 不同氮素施肥量下亚洲玉米螟田间发生动态变化

Table 2 Effects of different nitrogen fertilization rates on occurrence and damage of Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée) in the field

N (kg/667m²)	被害株率 (%)	百株虫数 (头)	百株活虫数 (头)	虫孔率 (%)	虫孔总隧道长 (cm)	秆受害率 (%)	雌穗被害率 (%)
0	(7.00±4.64)^a	(1.60±0.40)^a	(1.40±0.40)^a	(6.00±0.49)^b	45.00	(2.60±0.68)^a	(1.20±0.58)^b
10	(1.31±0.86)^b	(0.21±0.15)^a	(0.19±0.20)^a	0.00	6.50	0.00	0.00
20	(1.22±1.01)^b	(0.22±0.18)^a	(0.21±0.18)^a	(2.00±0.24)^b	170.00	(0.16±0.19)^b	0.00
30	(5.00±2.24)^b	(1.20±0.58)^a	(0.80±0.37)^a	0.00	0.00	0.00	(1.00±0.32)^b
40	(9.00±3.67)^ab	(0.60±0.25)^a	(0.60±0.25)^a	(4.00±0.37)^b	28.80	(0.80±0.37)^b	(1.00±0.45)^b
50	(18.00±4.89)^a	(1.20±0.73)^a	(1.20±0.73)^a	(15.00±0.89)^b	76.00	(2.20±0.86)^a	(3.00±0.84)^b

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氮素含量对亚洲玉米螟取食及选择性影响

Effects of Different Nitrogen Contents on Population Proliferation of Asian Corn Borer

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