亏缺灌溉对机采棉水分利用及产量形成的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.03.004

新疆农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (3): 419-429.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2021.03.004

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学·耕作栽培·土壤肥料 • 上一篇下一篇

亏缺灌溉对机采棉水分利用及产量形成的影响

林涛^1,2,3, 梅旭荣¹, 郝卫平¹, 田立文², 崔建平², 郭仁松², 王亮², 郑子漂²

1.中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京 100081;
2.新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091;
3.农业农村部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2020-09-13 出版日期:2021-03-20 发布日期:2021-03-30
通信作者: 梅旭荣(1963-),山东莱州人,研究员,研究方向为旱作农业与节水农业,(E-mail)meixurong@caas.cn
郝卫平(1970-),内蒙古赤峰人,研究员,研究方向为农田水肥一体化,(E-mail)haoweiping@caas.cn
作者简介:林涛(1981-),新疆玛纳斯人,研究员,博士,研究方向为棉田水分高效利用,(E-mail)27427732@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区自然基金面上项目(2018D01A51);新疆农业科学院农业科技创新重点培育专项(xjkcpy-2020003);新疆农业科学院农业科技创新平台能力提升建设专项-农业部荒漠绿洲作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室开放课题(25107020-202001);新疆维吾尔自治区天山英才人才工程;天山青年计划项目(2017Q148)

The Effect of Deficit Irrigation on the Yield and Water Utilization of Machine-picked Cotton under Condition of Drip Irrigation

LIN Tao^1,2,3, MEI Xurong¹, HAO Weiping¹, TIAN Liwen², CUI Jianping², GUO Rensong², WANG Liang², ZHENG Zipiao²

1. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
2. Institute of Economic Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China;
3. Key Laboratory of Desert-Oasis Crop Physiology, Ecology and Cultivation, MOARA, Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2020-09-13 Online:2021-03-20 Published:2021-03-30
Correspondence author: MEI Xurong (1963-), from Laizhou, Shandong, research fellowship. His research interests are dry farming and water-saving agriculture, (E-mail)meixurong@caas.cn
HAO Weiping (1970-), from Chifeng, Inner Mongolia, research fellowship. His research interests iswater and fertilizer integration of farmland, (E-mail)haoweiping@caas.cn
Supported by:
the Project of Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang (2018D01A51); Special Incubation Project of Science & Technology Renovation of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences (xjkcpy-2020003); the Earmarked Fund for Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Platform of Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences "The Open Subject of the Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology and Cultivation in Desert Oasis of MOARA" (25107020-202001); Tianshan Talent Project, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; Tianshan Youth Project (Q148 2017)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】 研究膜下滴灌条件下,亏缺灌溉对新疆机采棉产量及水分利用效率的影响。【方法】 在新疆典型机采棉地区,设置5个灌溉量分别为225 mm(Ir₁)、285 mm(Ir₂)、345 mm(Ir₃)、405 mm(Ir₄)和465 mm(Ir₅)。分析亏缺灌溉对棉田耗水特性、干物质积累与分配及棉花产量的影响。【结果】 随着灌溉定额的增加,棉田耗水量呈现递增趋势,提高了棉花生育后期的耗水模系数,使得干物质积累速度较快,快速积累期较长。随着灌溉定额增加,棉铃干物质分配量呈先增加后降低的趋势,Ir₃分配量最大为64.7～82.2 g/株,茎叶占比随着灌溉定额的增加而显著增加,而棉铃占比则显著降低;在棉花产量及水分利用效率方面,单株结铃数、单铃重,随着灌溉定额的增加而显著增加,籽棉产量提高,其中Ir₅处理的皮棉产量比Ir₄仅高了3.80%;随灌溉定额的增加水分利用效率显著降低,其中Ir₁较Ir₂～Ir₅分别高20.59%、34.59%、48.68%和57.93%。【结论】 适当的进行亏缺灌溉,有利于干物质积累量向生殖器官的转移,单株结铃数和单铃重显著提高。在棉花生育期实际的耗水量的基础上,降低12%的灌溉定额,不会显著降低棉花产量,能够获得较高的水分利用效率。

关键词: 亏缺灌溉; 耗水规律; 干物质积累; 产量; 水分利用效率

Abstract: 【Objective】 To clarify the impact of deficit irrigation on the yield and water use efficiency of machine-picked cotton in Xinjiang under the condition of drip irrigation under mulch.【Method】 In this study, five irrigation quotas treatments were conducted with 225 mm (Ir₁), 285 mm (Ir₂), 345 mm (Ir₃), 405 mm (Ir₄) and 465 mm in a typical cotton harvesting area in Xinjiang. The effects on the water consumption characteristics, dry matter accumulation and cotton yield formation of different deficit irrigation quotas were analyzed in cotton field from 2016 to 2018.【Result】 The results showed that with the increase of irrigation quota, the water consumption of cotton fields showed an increasing trend, and the water consumption modulus coefficient in the later stage of cotton growth was increased, so that the dry matter accumulation speed was faster, the rapid accumulation period was longer, but the irrigation amount increased. The dry matter distribution of cotton bolls first increased and then decreased. The maximum distribution of Ir₃ was 64.7-82.2 g/plant. The proportion of stems and leaves increased significantly with the increase of irrigation quota, while the proportion of cotton bolls decreased significantly; In terms of cotton yield and water use efficiency, the number of bolls per plant and the weight of bolls increased significantly with the increase of irrigation quota, which promoted the increase of seed cotton yield. Compared with other treatments, high irrigation quota achieved higher seed cotton yield of Ir₅. Among them, lint was only 3.80% higher than that of Ir₄. However, in terms of water use efficiency, water use efficiency was significantly reduced with the increase of irrigation. Among them, Ir₁ was 20.59%, 34.59%, 48.68% and 57.93% higher than those of Ir₂-Ir₅, respectively.【Conclusion】 In summary, under the condition of deficit irrigation, the water supply function of the soil can be fully exerted, and deficit irrigation can be carried out appropriately, which is conducive to the transfer of dry matter accumulation to the reproductive organs, resulting in the number of bolls per plant and the weight of boll significant improvement. Therefore, on the basis of the actual water consumption during the cotton growth period, reducing the irrigation amount by 12% will not significantly reduce the cotton yield, and at the same time, higher water use efficiency can be obtained.

Key words: deficit irrigation; water consumption; dry matter accumulation; yield; water use efficiency

中图分类号:

S625

林涛, 梅旭荣, 郝卫平, 田立文, 崔建平, 郭仁松, 王亮, 郑子漂. 亏缺灌溉对机采棉水分利用及产量形成的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2021, 58(3): 419-429.

LIN Tao, MEI Xurong, HAO Weiping, TIAN Liwen, CUI Jianping, GUO Rensong, WANG Liang, ZHENG Zipiao. The Effect of Deficit Irrigation on the Yield and Water Utilization of Machine-picked Cotton under Condition of Drip Irrigation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2021, 58(3): 419-429.

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亏缺灌溉对机采棉水分利用及产量形成的影响

The Effect of Deficit Irrigation on the Yield and Water Utilization of Machine-picked Cotton under Condition of Drip Irrigation

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[1]	刘海军, 张昊, 王一帆, 陈茂光, 吴凤全, 林涛, 汤秋香. 不同覆盖材料和灌溉量对机采棉产量形成及有效积温生产效率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2091-2100.
[2]	陈茂光, 林涛, 张昊, 刘海军, 王一帆, 汤秋香. 地膜类型对棉花生长的影响及自身降解和回收特性分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2101-2108.
[3]	杨国江, 陈云, 林祥群, 何江勇, 刘盛林, 曲永清. 氮肥减施下有机肥替代对滴灌棉花产量、氮素吸收利用及土壤硝态氮的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2138-2145.
[4]	陈传信, 张永强, 聂石辉, 孔德鹏, 赛力汗·赛, 徐其江, 雷钧杰. 生物质炭施用量对滴灌冬小麦生长发育和产量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2146-2151.
[5]	王立红, 张宏芝, 张跃强, 李剑峰, 王重, 高新, 时佳, 王春生, 夏建强, 樊哲儒. 不同产量水平冬小麦产量差异形成的干物质生产、转运及氮肥利用分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2152-2162.
[6]	王晓雨, 王小平, 史文宇, 刘美艳, 马健, 郭云鹏, 宋瑞欣, 王清涛. 拔节期冬小麦光合特性、干物质积累和产量对干旱胁迫的响应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2163-2172.
[7]	向莉, 王仙, 董裕生, 郭小玲, 方伏荣, 陈智军, 马艳明, 苗雨. 外源丁酸对干旱胁迫下大麦产量及品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2173-2181.
[8]	杨红梅, 张跃强, 史应武, 吾买尔江·库尔班, 林青, 王宁, 楚敏, 曾军. 不同类型叶面肥喷施对冬小麦籽粒产量和品质的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2182-2188.
[9]	马明杰, 赵经华, 李冬民, 杨胜春, 王克贤, 李池. 不同灌溉方式对苜蓿土壤水分与灌溉水利用效率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(9): 2306-2313.
[10]	王心, 林涛, 崔建平, 吴凤全, 唐志轩, 崔来园, 郭仁松, 王亮, 郑子漂. 种植模式与灌溉定额对机采长绒棉产量及纤维品质形成的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(8): 1821-1829.
[11]	董艳雪, 贾永红, 张金汕, 李丹丹, 王凯, 罗四维, 王润琪, 石书兵. 不同生态区环境下春小麦干物质积累及产量形成分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(8): 1848-1857.
[12]	李怀胜, 艾洪玉, 孟玲, 王贺亚, 张磊, 艾海峰. 减氮下运筹养分吸收高峰期追施比例对春小麦的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(8): 1866-1872.
[13]	张超, 白云岗, 郑明, 肖军, 丁平. 极端干旱区葡萄水肥协同效应[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(8): 1931-1939.
[14]	王挺, 张力, 张凡凡, 黄嵘峥, 李肖, 张玉琳, 陈永成, 赵建涛, 马春晖. 适合青贮的玉米品种生产性能筛选及营养价值评价[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(7): 1596-1605.
[15]	梁志国, 王泽鹏, 贾宋楠, 范凤翠, 刘胜尧, 张哲, 杜凤焕, 秦勇. 不同土壤水分对设施茄子生长、产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2023, 60(7): 1713-1721.