追氮比例对滴灌冬小麦籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.09.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究氮肥运筹对滴灌冬小麦产量、蛋白质含量及其组分的调节效应。【方法】以新冬18号为材料,在施氮量为300 kg/hm²条件下,研究5种不同追施氮肥方式对滴灌冬小麦籽粒含氮量、蛋白质含量及其组分含量和产量及其构成因素的影响。【结果】冬小麦起身期不施氮肥条件下,一次重施孕穗期(F1处理)或开花期(F2处理)或将肥料分2次均匀补给于孕穗期和开花期(F4处理),都会造成最终产量的降低及籽粒品质的下降;生育期全程施肥却降低拔节肥(F5处理)虽较以上追肥方法对冬小麦产量和品质有所提高,但却不及前期重施拔节肥、后期缺失孕穗肥(F3处理)的产量高、品质优。5种追肥处理中,产量、籽粒含氮量及蛋白质含量、球蛋白均表现为F3>F5>F4>F2>F1,其中F3产量最高为7 820.10 kg/hm²,较F1、F2、F4、F5处理依次增产14.94%、12.92%、7.84%和5.23% ;谷醇比F3最大为1.70,显著高于其它处理,清蛋白亦以F3最高,虽与F5、F4处理无显著差异,却显著高于F1、F2处理。【结论】在类似试验条件下的滴灌冬小麦产区,追肥时期以返青期、拔节期、开花期,追肥量为41.1、123.3和41.1 kg/hm²为宜。

关键词: 冬小麦; 氮肥运筹; 滴灌; 产量; 蛋白质

Abstract: 【Objective】 To reveal the regulation effects of nitrogen application on yield, protein content and its components of winter wheat under drip irrigation.【Method】Using Xindong 18 as the test material, influences of top dressed nitrogen by five methods on nitrogen content of grain, protein content and its component and yield of winter wheat under drip irrigation were studied in the conditions of nitrogen application rate of 300 kg/hm².【Result】The results showed that, with no nitrogen application at the setting stage, the yield and quality of grain were all decreased under the circumstance of heavy nitrogen application at the booting stage (F1 treatment) or flowering (F2 treatment) once, or equipartition of nitrogen at booting and flowering (F4 treatment). Although the yield and quality of winter wheat under the whole course fertilization, by reducing the nitrogen application at the jointing stage (F5 treatment) was superior to that of the above-mentioned fertilization methods, it still inferior to the treatment which with heavy nitrogen application at jointing while no fertilization at booting (F5 treatment). Besides, the yield, nitrogen content and protein content of grain and globulin all presented a trend of F3>F5>F4>F2>F1, with the highest yield of 7,820.10 kg/hm², F3 treatment was higher 14.94%, 12.92%, 7.84% and 5.23% than treatments F1, F2, F4 and F5. Both the value of glutenin /prolamin and albumin were also highest at F3 treatment, the grain alcohol ratio was 1.70, which was significantly higher than other treatments. Although there was no significant difference in albumin compared with F5 and F4, but it was significantly higher than F1 and F2 treatment.【Conclusion】ll indexes comprehensively considered, it is suggested that the topdressing period and amount of nitrogen should be 41.1 kg/hm² at the setting stage, 123.3 kg/hm² at the jointing stage and 41.1 kg/hm² at the anthesis stage of drip irrigation winter wheat that had similar circumstance with our experimental plot.

Key words: winter wheat; nitrogen application; drip irrigation; yield; protein

中图分类号:

S512

张永强, 陈兴武, 赛力汗·赛, 薛丽华, 梁玉超, 雷钧杰. 追氮比例对滴灌冬小麦籽粒蛋白质及其组分含量的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2017, 54(9): 1587-1594.

ZHANG Yong-qiang, CHENG Xing-wu, Sailihan Sai, XUE Li-hua, LIANG Yu-chao, LEI Jun-jie. Effects of Nitrogen Dressing Rate on the Yield and Grain Protein Content of Winter Wheat under Drip Irrigation[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 54(9): 1587-1594.

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