新疆枣花芽分化和单花发育过程观察与分析

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.002

新疆农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (5): 798-805.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.05.002

新疆枣花芽分化和单花发育过程观察与分析

阿布都卡尤木·阿依麦提¹, 樊丁宇², 岳婉婉¹, 张翔飞¹, 郝庆², 曾斌¹, 余镇藩¹, 唐义莲¹

1.新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院, 乌鲁木齐 830052;
2.新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2019-12-28 发布日期:2020-04-23
通信作者: 郝庆(1969-),男,新疆阿克苏人,研究员,硕士生导师,研究方向为新疆特色果树栽培技术推广,(E-mail)haoqingxj@sohu.com
曾斌(1970-),男,湖北松滋人,副教授,博士,硕士生导师,研究方向为果树种质资源及果树栽培生理,(E-mail)zbxnd@163.com
作者简介:阿布都卡尤木·阿依麦提(1995-),男,新疆叶城人,硕士研究生,研究方向为果树栽培与生理,(E-mail)315894588@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金“新疆枣树高温胁迫下生理与基因表达响应机理研究”(31801815);自治区林业科技专项“赤霉素对红枣产量质量及果品安全的影响研究”(2019-4202012);自治区园艺学重点学科项目“新疆特色果树种质资源开发利用与优良品种选育推广”(2016-10758-3);中央财政林业改革发展资金项目“生态健康枣园提质增效综合技术示范与推广”([2018]TG08);自治区科技支疆项目“极早熟鲜食优良枣品种‘伏脆蜜’及配套栽培技术示范”(2019E0249)

Observation Study of the Process of Flower Bud Differentiation and Flower Development of Jujube

Abudoukayoumu Ayimaiti¹, FAN Dingyu², YUE Wanwan¹, ZHANG Xiangfei¹, HAO Qing², ZENG Bin¹, YU Zhenfan¹, TANG Yilian¹

1.College of Forestry and Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
2.Institute of Horticulture Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091, China

Received:2019-12-28 Published:2020-04-23
Correspondence author: HAO Qing (1969-), male, Aksu, Xinjiang, researcher, master's supervisor, research direction is Xinjiang specialty fruit tree cultivation and technology promotion, (E-mail) haoqingxj@sohu.com
ZENG Bin (1970-), male, Songzi, Hubei, associate professor, doctor, master's supervisor, research direction is fruit tree germplasm resources and fruit tree cultivation physiology, (E-mail) zbxnd@163.com
Supported by:
Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China: "Research on Physiology and Gene Expression Response Mechanism of Xinjiang Jujube under High Temperature Stress" (31801815); Autonomous Region Forestry Science and Technology Project: “Effect of Gibberellin on Yield Quality and Fruit Safety of Jujube (2019-4202012); Autonomous Region Horticulture Key Discipline Project "Xinjiang Special Fruit Tree Germplasm Resources Development and Utilization and Excellent Varieties Selection and Promotion" (2016-10758-3); Central Finance Forestry Reform and Development Fund Project "Demonstration and Promotion of Comprehensive Technologies for Quality Improvement and Efficiency Increase in Eco-healthy Jujube Gardens" ([2018] TG08); S & T Supporting Xinjiang Project "Extremely Early-Matured Fresh-Eat Jujube Variety 'Fucuimi' and Demonstration of Supporting Cultivation Techniques" (2019E0249)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究新疆枣区主栽品种灰枣、骏枣花芽分化和单花发育的规律,为枣优质丰产栽培和提质增效提供参考依据。【方法】以2种枣品种为试材,从枣股开始萌动到枣吊停止生长阶段采样,采用石蜡切片法和体视镜观察花芽形态分化和花发育过程。【结果】骏枣、灰枣花芽形态分化进程可分为6个时期,自4月14日和4月17日从枣股刚萌动开始进入分化初期到雌蕊分化期分别需7 d和11 d;2种枣品种枣吊萌发生长到15 mm左右,已完成分化初期、萼片分化期和花瓣分化期,灰枣的花瓣分化期到雄蕊分化期需3~4 d,比骏枣多需2~3 d灰枣和骏枣雄蕊分化期到雌蕊分化期需要2 d。枣花为日开型,在10:00左右进入蕾裂期到子房膨大期有经历6个时期,灰枣和骏枣花发育各阶段差异不明显,但骏枣柱头开裂和授粉受精比灰枣提前。【结论】骏枣花芽分化比灰枣早3 d,且分化更迅速,在分化过程中各花器原基的分化具有顺序性和不可逆性,各个花器原基出现后,进一步分化形成花器官,最后进入开花阶段。

关键词: 枣; 花芽分化; 花发育; 花期结构

Abstract: 【Objective】 To understand and master the rules of flower bud differentiation and flower development of the main varieties of jujube in Xinjiang. 【Methods】 Taking two kinds of jujube varieties as the testing material, the morphological differentiation and the flower development process of flower bud were observed by paraffin sectioning from the beginning of sprouting of jujube strand to the stopping growth stage of jujube crane. 【Results】 The process of flower bud morphological differentiation of Junzao and Huizao could be divided into six periods, from April 14 to April 17, it took 7 days and 11 days respectively from the beginning of jujube strand to the initial stage of differentiation to pistil differentiation; two kinds of jujube varieties, jujube hanging sprouts, grow to about 15 mm, and have completed the early differentiation, sepal differentiation period, and petal differentiation period. It takes 3-4 days from the petal differentiation period to the stamen differentiation period of the Huizao, which is 2-3 more than the Junzao. It takes 2 days from the stamen differentiation stage to the pistil differentiation stage of Huizao and Junzao.The flowers of jujube were of diurnal type, and there were six stages from the bud cracking stage to the ovary expanding stage at about 10:00 in the morning. There was no significant difference found between the flower development stages of Junzao and Huizao, but the stigma cracking and pollination and fertilization of Junzao were earlier than those of Huizao. 【Conclusion】 The flower bud differentiation of Junzao was 3 days earlier than that of Huizao, and the differentiation was more rapid. In the process of differentiation, the differentiation of each floral primordium was sequential and irreversible. After the emergence of each flower organ primordia, it further differentiated into flower organs, and finally entered the flowering stage.

Key words: Jujube; flower bud differentiation; flower development; florescence structure

中图分类号:

S665.1

阿布都卡尤木·阿依麦提, 樊丁宇, 岳婉婉, 张翔飞, 郝庆, 曾斌, 余镇藩, 唐义莲. 新疆枣花芽分化和单花发育过程观察与分析[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020, 57(5): 798-805.

Abudoukayoumu Ayimaiti, FAN Dingyu, YUE Wanwan, ZHANG Xiangfei, HAO Qing, ZENG Bin, YU Zhenfan, TANG Yilian. Observation Study of the Process of Flower Bud Differentiation and Flower Development of Jujube[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2020, 57(5): 798-805.

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新疆枣花芽分化和单花发育过程观察与分析

Observation Study of the Process of Flower Bud Differentiation and Flower Development of Jujube

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