调教训练对伊犁马2 000 m速步赛血气指标的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.03.027

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (3): 757-765.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.03.027

调教训练对伊犁马2 000 m速步赛血气指标的影响

杨利平¹(), 王川坤¹, 尚婷婷¹, 曾亚琦¹^,²^,³, 王建文¹^,²^,³, 诺鲁甫⁴, 马康伟⁵, 姚新奎¹^,²^,³, 孟军¹^,²^,³()

1.新疆农业大学动物科学学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆农业大学马产业研究院,乌鲁木齐 830052
3.新疆马繁育与运动生理重点实验室,乌鲁木齐 830052
4.新疆昭苏马场,新疆昭苏 835602
5.昭苏县西域马业有限责任公司,新疆昭苏 835600

收稿日期:2023-08-01 出版日期:2024-03-20 发布日期:2024-04-19
通信作者: 孟军(1986- ),男,江苏盐城人,教授,硕士生/博士生导师,研究方向为动物生产学,(E-mail)junm86@qq.com
作者简介:杨利平(1997-),女,新疆奎屯人,硕士研究生,研究方向为动物生产学,(E-mail)2292115202@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2021D01B50);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A02013-1)

Effect of conditioning training on blood-gas indexes in 2,000 m trot race in Yili horses

YANG Liping¹(), WANG Chuankun¹, SHANG Tingting¹, ZENG Yaqi¹^,²^,³, WANG Jianwen¹^,²^,³, NUO Lufu⁴, MA Kangwei⁵, YAO Xinkui¹^,²^,³, MENG Jun¹^,²^,³()

1. College of Animal Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China
2. Horse Industry Research Institute,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China
3. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Horse Breeding and Sports Physiology,Urumqi 830052,China
4. Xinjiang Zhaosu Horse Farm,Zhaosu Xinjiang 835602,China
5. Zhaosu County Western Equine Industry Co,Zhaosu Xinjiang 835600,China

Received:2023-08-01 Online:2024-03-20 Published:2024-04-19
Correspondence author: MENG Jun(1986-),male,from Yancheng,Jiangsu,professor,research interests in animal production,(E-mail)junm86@qq.com
Supported by:
Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2021D01B50);Major Science and Technology Special Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2022A02013-1)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】 研究调教训练对伊犁马2 000 m速步赛血气指标的影响,为制定科学调教训练方案提供数据参考。【方法】 选取未经专项速步赛调教训练的健康伊犁马(2岁)12匹,进行为期12周的速步专项训练,训练期间每4周组织一次速步测试赛,记录比赛成绩,并采集马匹赛前、赛后即刻、赛后30 min及赛后60 min的血液测定血气指标。【结果】 优秀组和普通组马匹训练中期和训练后期的比赛用时极显著低于训练前期(P<0.01)。pH训练中期显著低于训练前期(P<0.05)。乳酸(lactic acid,Lac)训练中期极显著高于训练前期(P<0.01)。Na⁺训练中期极显著低于训练前期和后期(P<0.01)。Ca²⁺训练后期极显著低于训练前期(P<0.01),显著低于训练训练中期(P<0.05)。Cl^-训练后期显著低于训练前期(P<0.05),训练中期极显著低于训练前期(P<0.01)。阴离子间隙(anion gap,AG)训练后期显著高于训练前期(P<0.05)。血糖(glucose,Glu)训练后期极显著高于训练前期和训练中期(P<0.01)。肌酐(creatinine,Crea)训练中期极显著高于训练前期和训练后期(P<0.01)。【结论】 调教训练后2 000 m伊犁马速步赛的成绩、酸碱平衡能力、气体交换能力及葡萄糖供应能力均显著提高。在训练过程中,适当补充电解质来维持机体离子水平。血气指标可以作为马匹运动训练中的健康监测手段。

关键词: 调教训练; 伊犁马; 速步赛; 血气指标

Abstract:

【Objective】 The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of conditioning training on the blood gas indexes of 2,000 m trot race horses in Yili and to provide data reference for the development of scientific conditioning training programs.【Methods】 Twelve healthy Yili horses(2 years old) without special trot training were selected for special trot training for a period of 12 weeks,and a trotter was organized 4 weeks during the training period to record the race results.【Results】 The competition performance of the horses in the middle and post training periods was extremely significantly lower(P<0.01) than that in the early training period those in the excellent and regular groups.pH was significantly lower(P<0.05) in the middle training period than that in the early training period.Lactic acid(Lac) in middle training was highly significant higher than that in early training(P<0.01).Na⁺ middle training was highly significant lower than those in early and post training period(P<0.01).Ca²⁺ post training was highly significant lower than that in early training(P<0.01) and significantly lower than that in middle training(P<0.05).Cl^- post training was significantly lower than that in early training(P<0.05) and middle training was highly significant lower than that in the early training period(P<0.01).Anion gap(AG) was significantly higher than those in late training and in the beginning of training(P<0.05).Glucose(Glu) was highly significantly higher in late training than those in early training and middle training(P<0.01).Creatinine(Crea) was highly significantly higher in middle training than that in the beginning of training and post training(P<0.01).【Conclusion】 The performance,acid-base balance capacity,gas exchange capacity and glucose supply capacity of 2,000 m Yili horses trotter are significantly improved after conditioning training under the present experimental conditions.It is recommended to maintain the ionic level of the organism during training with appropriate electrolyte supplementation.Therefore,blood-gas indexes can be used as a health monitoring tool in equine sports training.

Key words: conditioning raining; Yili horses; trot; blood-gas indexes

中图分类号:

S821

杨利平, 王川坤, 尚婷婷, 曾亚琦, 王建文, 诺鲁甫, 马康伟, 姚新奎, 孟军. 调教训练对伊犁马2 000 m速步赛血气指标的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(3): 757-765.

YANG Liping, WANG Chuankun, SHANG Tingting, ZENG Yaqi, WANG Jianwen, NUO Lufu, MA Kangwei, YAO Xinkui, MENG Jun. Effect of conditioning training on blood-gas indexes in 2,000 m trot race in Yili horses[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(3): 757-765.

图/表 6

表1 速步专项调教训练方案

Tab.1 Quickstep Specific Conditioning Training Programme

阶段 Stage	时间 Times	训练方案 Training programmes
训练前期 Pre-training	第1周	完成马匹亲和训练
	第2周	单缰调教圈训练20 min/d:左右里怀各10 min
	第3周	单缰调教圈训练20 min/d:左右里怀各10 min后,进行备鞍训练
	第4周	双缰调教圈训练30 min/d:左右里怀各15 min
训练中期 Mid-training	第5周	双缰调教圈训练40 min/d:备鞍左右里怀各20 min
	第6周	在调教圈上马,进行左右里怀各5 min的热身后,进行草地慢步训练
	第7周	在调教圈上马,进行左右里怀各5 min的热身后,进行草地线路训练,每种线路各15 min
	第8周	在调教圈上马,进行左右里怀各5 min的热身后,进行沙地慢步训练, 正反各一圈后,进行沙地线路训练
训练后期 Post-training	第9周	在调教圈上马,进行左右里怀各5 min的热身后,进行跑道训练,慢步2 000 m
	第10周	在调教圈上马,进行左右里怀各5 min的热身后,进行跑道训练,慢步2 000 m,快步1 000 m
	第11~12周	在调教圈上马,进行左右里怀各5 min的热身后,进行跑道训练,慢步2 000 m,快步2 000 m

表2 不同训练阶段马匹比赛成绩的变化

Tab.2 Variation in race performance of horses at different stages of training(s)

项目 Items		训练前期 Pre-training	训练中期 Mid-training	训练后期 Post-training
成绩(s) Speed scores	优秀组	367.87±46.91^Aa	302.85±29.02^Bb**	281.28±15.47^Bb**
成绩(s) Speed scores	普通组	370.22±22.16^Aa	334.05±21.73^Bb	305.36±9.49^Bc

表3 不同训练阶段马匹血中酸碱平衡指标的变化

Tab.3 Changes in indicators of acid-base balance in the blood of horses at different stages of training

指标 Index	训练阶段 Training Stage			标准差 SEM	P值 P value
指标 Index	训练前期 Pre- training	训练中期 Mid- training	训练后期 Post- training	标准差 SEM	训练阶段 Training stages	性能 Performance	采样时间 Sampling time	训练阶段×性能 Training stages× Performance	训练阶段× 采样时间 Training stages× Sampling time
pH	7.440^a	7.410^b	7.420^ab	0.010	0.031	0.117	0.000	0.436	0.045
HC $O 3 -$ (mmol/L)	25.880	25.100	25.070	0.470	0.386	0.067	0.000	0.401	0.125
Beecf (mmol/L)	1.720	0.440	0.620	0.590	0.253	0.077	0.000	0.390	0.089
BEb (mmol/L)	1.720	0.410	0.650	0.540	0.192	0.073	0.000	0.389	0.077
Lac (mmol/L)	1.510^Bb	4.350^Aa	3.250^ABa	0.540	0.001	0.024	0.000	0.459	0.085

表3 不同训练阶段马匹血中酸碱平衡指标的变化

Tab.3 Changes in indicators of acid-base balance in the blood of horses at different stages of training

指标 Index	训练阶段 Training Stage			标准差 SEM	P值 P value
指标 Index	训练前期 Pre- training	训练中期 Mid- training	训练后期 Post- training	标准差 SEM	训练阶段 Training stages	性能 Performance	采样时间 Sampling time	训练阶段×性能 Training stages× Performance	训练阶段× 采样时间 Training stages× Sampling time
pH	7.440^a	7.410^b	7.420^ab	0.010	0.031	0.117	0.000	0.436	0.045
HC $O 3 -$ (mmol/L)	25.880	25.100	25.070	0.470	0.386	0.067	0.000	0.401	0.125
Beecf (mmol/L)	1.720	0.440	0.620	0.590	0.253	0.077	0.000	0.390	0.089
BEb (mmol/L)	1.720	0.410	0.650	0.540	0.192	0.073	0.000	0.389	0.077
Lac (mmol/L)	1.510^Bb	4.350^Aa	3.250^ABa	0.540	0.001	0.024	0.000	0.459	0.085

表4 不同训练阶段马匹血中气体平衡指标的变化

Tab.4 Changes in blood gas balance indicators of horses at different stages of training

指标 Index	训练阶段 Training Stage			标准差 SEM	P值 P value
指标 Index	训练前期 Pre- training	训练中期 Mid- training	训练后期 Post- training	标准差 SEM	训练阶段 Training stages	性能 Performance	采样时间 Sampling time	训练阶段×性能 Training stages× Performance	训练阶段× 采样时间 Training stages× Sampling time
PCO₂ (mmHg)	38.190	38.970	38.370	0.480	0.492	0.192	0.000	0.406	0.498
PO₂ (mmHg)	40.040	42.350	42.040	0.890	0.142	0.663	0.027	0.040	0.705
TCO₂ (mmol/L)	27.050	26.290	26.100	0.480	0.332	0.050	0.000	0.443	0.131
SO₂ (%)	76.270	77.290	77.710	1.070	0.622	0.144	0.624	0.070	0.737

表5 不同训练阶段马匹血中离子平衡指标的变化

Tab.5 Changes in ion balance indicators in the blood of horses at different stages of training(mmol/L)

指标 Index	训练阶段 Training Stage			标准差 SEM	P值 P value
指标 Index	训练前期 Pre- training	训练中期 Mid- training	训练后期 Post- training	标准差 SEM	训练阶段 Training stages	性能 Performance	采样时间 Sampling time	训练阶段×性能 Training stages× Performance	训练阶段× 采样时间 Training stages× Sampling time
Na⁺	137.310^Aa	134.560^Bb	137.380^Aa	0.400	0.000	0.209	0.154	0.992	0.000
K⁺	3.720	3.540	3.580	0.060	0.099	0.059	0.013	0.101	0.001
Ca²⁺	1.620^Aa	1.580^ABa	1.540^Bb	0.010	0.000	0.828	0.000	0.784	0.014
Cl^-	99.660^Aa	96.560^Bb	97.970^ABb	0.510	0.000	0.888	0.408	0.726	0.231
AG	15.310^b	16.160^ab	17.660^a	0.610	0.028	0.814	0.000	0.833	0.003

表6 不同训练阶段马匹血中Hct、Hgb、Glu、Crea的变化

Tab.6 Changes in Hct,Hgb,Glu and Crea in the blood of horses at different stages of training

指标 Index	训练阶段 Training Stage			标准差 SEM	P值 P value
指标 Index	训练前期 Pre- training	训练中期 Mid- training	训练后期 Post- training	标准差 SEM	训练阶段 Training stages	性能 Performance	采样时间 Sampling time	训练阶段×性能 Training stages× Performance	训练阶段× 采样时间 Training stages× Sampling time
Hct (%)	33.690	34.840	33.470	0.630	0.254	0.098	0.000	0.204	0.509
Hgb (g/dL)	11.450	11.820	11.330	0.210	0.240	0.098	0.000	0.180	0.545
Glu (mg/dL)	110.190^Bb	113.720^Bb	131.470^Aa	3.880	0.000	0.978	0.000	0.118	0.128
Crea (mg/dL)	0.840^Aa	0.680^Bb	0.810^Aa	0.020	0.000	0.221	0.001	0.402	0.000

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调教训练对伊犁马2 000 m速步赛血气指标的影响

Effect of conditioning training on blood-gas indexes in 2,000 m trot race in Yili horses

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