2种栽培模式对酿酒葡萄马瑟兰果际微域环境和果实发育的影响

doi:10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.009

新疆农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 61 ›› Issue (1): 79-91.DOI: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2024.01.009

• 园艺特产·农产品加工工程 • 上一篇下一篇

2种栽培模式对酿酒葡萄马瑟兰果际微域环境和果实发育的影响

白世践¹(), 户金鸽¹, 李帅², 薛锋³, 张雯⁴, 潘绪兵³, 魏登攀³, 赵荣华¹, 蔡军社¹

1.新疆维吾尔自治区葡萄瓜果研究所,新疆鄯善 838200
2.西北农林科技大学葡萄酒学院,陕西杨凌 712100
3.吐鲁番楼兰酒庄股份有限公司,新疆鄯善 838201
4.新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所,乌鲁木齐 830091

收稿日期:2023-06-05 出版日期:2024-01-20 发布日期:2024-02-21
作者简介:白世践(1986-),男,云南人,高级农艺师,研究方向为葡萄栽培,(E-mail)594748964@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆维吾尔自治区少数民族特培项目(2022D03033);新疆维吾尔自治区科技特派员项目(2023KF166);吐鲁番市重点研发专项(2021006);新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发专项(2020B01005-1);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-29-30);国家自然科学基金项目(31860531)

Effects of two cultivation modes on the cluster region micro-environment,berry development and quality of marselan grape in turpan-hami basin

BAI Shijian¹(), HU Jinge¹, LI Shuai², XUE Feng³, ZHANG Wen⁴, PAN Xubing³, WEI Dengpan³, ZHAO Ronghua¹, CAI Junshe¹

1. Research Institute of Grapes and Melons of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Shanshan Xinjiang 838200,China
2. College of Enology,Northwest A & F University,Yangling Shanxi 712100,China
3. Turpan Loulan Winery Chateua Co.,Ltd,Turpan Xinjiang 838201,China
4. Horticultural Crop Research Institute,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China

Received:2023-06-05 Online:2024-01-20 Published:2024-02-21
Correspondence author: BAI Shijian(1986-),male,Yunnan province,senior agronomist,research field:grape cultivation,(E-mail) 594748964@qq.com
Supported by:
Special training program for ethnic minorities in 2022(2022D03033);Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Science and technology commissioner(2023KF166);Key Research and Development Project in Turpan(2021006);Key Research and Development Project in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(2020B01005-1);Special Fund for the Industrial System Construction of Modern Agriculture of China(CARS-29-30);National Science Foundation of China(31860531)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】研究2种栽培模式对新疆吐哈盆地产区酿酒葡萄马瑟兰果际微域环境和果实发育的影响,为产区酿酒葡萄栽培模式选择提供参考。【方法】以新疆吐哈盆地产区酿酒葡萄马瑟兰为试材,采用低‘厂’字形(结果高度40 cm,处理组)和高‘厂’字形(结果高度80 cm,对照组)2种模式栽培,比较分析2种栽培模式下果实生育期果际微域环境指标和果实发育指标变化及采收期果实品质、花色苷组分。【结果】与高‘厂’字形栽培相比,低‘厂’字形栽培果实生育期果际日最高温、日均温度分别降低1.66和2.21℃,月均超过35℃温差总和与月均≥35℃高温时长分别减小39.25℃和40.12 h;日最大湿度、日最小湿度和日均湿度分别提高2.89%、1.70%和2.64%,日均低湿时长减小11.56 h;叶幕透射辐射、土壤反射辐射和总辐射分别降低36.94 %、50.38%和44.91%。低‘厂’字形栽培相比高‘厂’字形栽培更有利于果实发育,转色期浆果具有更高的酒石酸、苹果酸和抗坏血酸质量浓度,采收期果穗质量和果粒质量分别增大38.74%和25.61%,萎蔫率降低14.20%,可溶性固形物减小2.67 °Brix,总酸质量浓度提高0.83 g/L,皮总黄烷醇含量和总花色苷含量分别提高23.83%和5.80%,但低‘厂’字形栽培降低了3',5'-羟基取代类花色苷比例、花色苷甲基化修饰比例和花色苷总修饰比例。【结论】新疆吐哈盆地产区酿酒葡萄马瑟兰采用低‘厂’字形栽培能够改善果际微域环境,提高果实品质。

关键词: 马瑟兰葡萄; ‘厂’字形栽培; 结果高度; 果际微域环境; 果实品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 To study the effects of two cultivation modes on the cluster micro-environment and fruit development of Marselan grape in Turpan-Hami Basin in the hope of providing reference for the selection of wine grape cultivation modes in production areas. 【Methods】 The research was carried out in Marselan grape with L-MVSP(Fruit setting height 40 cm,the treatment group) and H-MVSP(Fruit setting height 80 cm,the control group) in Turpan-Hami Basin,the changes of micro-environment index on the cluster region and berry development index during fruit growth period,fruit quality and anthocyanin composition during harvest under two cultivation modes were compared and analyzed under two cultivation modes. 【Results】 The daily maximum temperature and daily average temperature of the cluster region micro-environment were lower for L-MVSP than for H-MVSP,with 1.66 and 2.21℃ respectively,the sum of temperature difference exceeding 35℃ and the time of temperature exceeding 35℃ were decreased for L-MVSP than for H-MVSP,with 39.25℃ and 40.12 h respectively; The daily maximum humidity,daily minimum humidity and daily average humidity were 2.89%,1.70% and 2.64% higher,respectively for L-MVSP than for H-MVSP,the daily average low humidity duration was 11.56 h lower for L-MVSP than for H-MVSP; The leaf canopy transmission radiation,soil reflection radiation and total radiation were 36.94%,50.38% and 44.91% lower,respectively for L-MVSP than for H-MVSP. The L-MVSP was more benefit for fruit development than H-MVSP,tartaric acid,malic acid and ascorbic acid were higher for L-MVSP than H-MVSP at veraison,grape in L-MVSP had a higher cluster quality and fruit grain quality,increased by 38.74% and 25.61% respectively,the wilting rate decreased by 14.20%,the soluble solids decreased by 2.67 ° Brix,the total acid mass concentration increased by 0.83 g/L,and the total flavanol content and total anthocyanin content increased by 23.83% and 5.80%,respectively. However,the proportion of 3',5'-hydroxy substituted anthocyanins,the proportion of methylation modification of anthocyanins and the proportion of total modification of anthocyanins were decreased in L-MVSP. 【Conclusion】 The L-MVSP of wine grape Marselan can improve the cluster region micro-environment and improve the berry quality in Turpan-Hami Basin.

Key words: Marselan grape; modified vertical shoot position; fruit setting height; cluster micro-environment; berry quality

中图分类号:

S663.1

白世践, 户金鸽, 李帅, 薛锋, 张雯, 潘绪兵, 魏登攀, 赵荣华, 蔡军社. 2种栽培模式对酿酒葡萄马瑟兰果际微域环境和果实发育的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2024, 61(1): 79-91.

BAI Shijian, HU Jinge, LI Shuai, XUE Feng, ZHANG Wen, PAN Xubing, WEI Dengpan, ZHAO Ronghua, CAI Junshe. Effects of two cultivation modes on the cluster region micro-environment,berry development and quality of marselan grape in turpan-hami basin[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences, 2024, 61(1): 79-91.

图/表 11

参考文献 38

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月份 Month	处理 Treatment	日最高温均值 The maximum temperature (℃)	日最低温均值 The minimum temperature (℃)	日均温度 Average temperature (℃)	日均温差 Average temperature difference (℃)	超过35℃ 温差总和 The sum of temperature difference above 35℃(℃)	≥35℃高温时长 Time of temperature above 35℃(h)
5 May	H-MVSP	36.98	15.82	21.16	26.11	62.50	70.50
5 May	L-MVSP	36.78	16.10	20.68	25.90	56.00	72.00
6 June	H-MVSP	37.40	16.48	20.92	26.92	90.00	132.00
6 June	L-MVSP	35.75	16.88	18.87	26.20	57.00	85.00
7 July	H-MVSP	38.69	18.76	19.94	28.24	121.00	169.00
7 July	L-MVSP	35.82	19.45	16.37	27.18	52.50	91.00
8 August	H-MVSP	38.97	17.52	21.45	27.23	129.00	154.50
8 August	L-MVSP	37.03	18.31	18.73	26.87	80.00	117.50
均值Mean	H-MVSP	38.01	17.15	20.87	27.13	100.63	131.50
均值Mean	L-MVSP	36.35	17.69	18.66	26.54	61.38	91.38

月份 Month	处理 Treatment	日最高温均值 The maximum temperature (℃)	日最低温均值 The minimum temperature (℃)	日均温度 Average temperature (℃)	日均温差 Average temperature difference (℃)	超过35℃ 温差总和 The sum of temperature difference above 35℃(℃)	≥35℃高温时长 Time of temperature above 35℃(h)
5 May	H-MVSP	36.98	15.82	21.16	26.11	62.50	70.50
5 May	L-MVSP	36.78	16.10	20.68	25.90	56.00	72.00
6 June	H-MVSP	37.40	16.48	20.92	26.92	90.00	132.00
6 June	L-MVSP	35.75	16.88	18.87	26.20	57.00	85.00
7 July	H-MVSP	38.69	18.76	19.94	28.24	121.00	169.00
7 July	L-MVSP	35.82	19.45	16.37	27.18	52.50	91.00
8 August	H-MVSP	38.97	17.52	21.45	27.23	129.00	154.50
8 August	L-MVSP	37.03	18.31	18.73	26.87	80.00	117.50
均值Mean	H-MVSP	38.01	17.15	20.87	27.13	100.63	131.50
均值Mean	L-MVSP	36.35	17.69	18.66	26.54	61.38	91.38

月份 Month	处理 Treatment	日最大湿度均值 The maximum humidity(%)	日最小湿度均值 The minimum humidity(%)	日均湿度 Average humidity(%)	日均低湿时长 Low humidity duration(h)
5 May	H-MVSP	48.00	16.08	29.27	20.88
5 May	L-MVSP	49.26	16.72	30.81	19.86
6 June	H-MVSP	56.75	19.33	35.10	18.48
6 June	L-MVSP	61.80	21.43	38.69	16.63
7 July	H-MVSP	70.95	27.03	46.76	11.90
7 July	L-MVSP	74.27	30.00	50.70	9.60
8 August	H-MVSP	63.00	23.57	42.42	12.65
8 August	L-MVSP	64.94	24.66	43.91	11.55
均值Mean	H-MVSP	59.68	21.50	38.39	15.97
均值Mean	L-MVSP	62.57	23.20	41.03	14.41

月份 Month	处理 Treatment	日最大湿度均值 The maximum humidity(%)	日最小湿度均值 The minimum humidity(%)	日均湿度 Average humidity(%)	日均低湿时长 Low humidity duration(h)
5 May	H-MVSP	48.00	16.08	29.27	20.88
5 May	L-MVSP	49.26	16.72	30.81	19.86
6 June	H-MVSP	56.75	19.33	35.10	18.48
6 June	L-MVSP	61.80	21.43	38.69	16.63
7 July	H-MVSP	70.95	27.03	46.76	11.90
7 July	L-MVSP	74.27	30.00	50.70	9.60
8 August	H-MVSP	63.00	23.57	42.42	12.65
8 August	L-MVSP	64.94	24.66	43.91	11.55
均值Mean	H-MVSP	59.68	21.50	38.39	15.97
均值Mean	L-MVSP	62.57	23.20	41.03	14.41

处理 Treatment	叶幕透射辐射均值 Daily average PAR_tran (μmol/ (m²·s))	土壤反射辐射均值 Daily average PAR_soil (μmol/ (m²·s))	总辐射均值 Daily average total PAR (μmol/ (m²·s))
H-MVSP	15.35±1.96^a	22.33±3.69^a	37.68±1.84^a
L-MVSP	9.68±0.87^b	11.08±2.05^b	20.76±2.92^b

2种栽培模式对酿酒葡萄马瑟兰果际微域环境和果实发育的影响

Effects of two cultivation modes on the cluster region micro-environment,berry development and quality of marselan grape in turpan-hami basin

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Metrics

处理 Treatment	果穗质量 Cluster mass(g)	果粒质量 Berry mass(g)	萎蔫率 Wilting rate(%)	可溶性固形物 TSS (°Brix)	总酸 Total acid (g/L)	酒石酸 Tartaric acid (g/L)	苹果酸 Malic acid (g/L)
H-MVSP	82.24±3.76 ^b	0.82±0.04 ^b	15.44±4.82 ^a	26.10±0.17 ^a	7.35±0.34 ^b	5.75±0.24^b	1.03±0.08^a
L-MVSP	114.10±8.02 ^a	1.03±0.05 ^a	1.24±0.79 ^b	23.43±1.37 ^b	8.18±0.22 ^a	6.57±0.18^a	1.06±0.03^a

处理 Treatment	皮总酚 Skin total phenol	皮单宁 Skin tannins	皮总黄烷醇 Skin total flavanos	籽总酚 Seed total phenol	籽单宁 Seed tannins	籽总黄烷醇 Seed total flavanos
H-MVSP	10.31±0.71^a	1.75±0.12 ^a	22.49±2.08 ^b	14.66±1.28^a	5.59±0.36^a	17.33±0.10^a
L-MVSP	10.41±0.65^a	1.71±0.09 ^a	27.85±2.08^a	16.73±0.99^a	5.48±0.60^a	17.55±0.20^a

花色苷 Anthocyanins	H-MVSP	L-MVSP
花青素类花色苷Cyanidin anthocyanins(mg/kg)	4.688±0.535^b	7.934±0.435^a
花青素香豆酰化类花色苷Cyanidin coumaryl anthocyanins(mg/kg)	0.187±0.012^b	0.293±0.030^a
花青素咖啡酰化类花色苷Cyanidin caffeoyl anthocyanins(mg/kg)	0.005±0.000^a	0.005±0.000^a
总花青素类花色苷Total cyanidin anthocyanins(mg/kg)	4.880±0.547^b	8.232±0.465^a
甲基花青素类花色苷Peonidin anthocyanins(mg/kg)	37.688±0.568^b	43.815±1.434^a
甲基花青素丙二酰化类花色苷Peonidin malonyl anthocyanins(mg/kg)	0.047±0.006^a	0.056±0.004^a
总花甲基青素类花色苷Total Peonidin anthocyanins(mg/kg)	37.735±0.562^b	43.852±1.465^a
花翠素类花色苷Delphinidin anthocyanins(mg/kg)	189.400±3.186^b	234.687±4.282^a
花翠素乙酰化类花色苷Delphinidin acetyl anthocyanins(mg/kg)	64.777±1.764^a	65.763±2.828^a
花翠素丙二酰化类花色苷Delphinidin malonyl anthocyanins(mg/kg)	0.023±0.003^a	0.029±0.004^a
花翠素香豆酰化类花色苷Delphinidin coumaryl anthocyanins(mg/kg)	2.437±0.185^b	3.148±0.275^a
总花翠素类花色苷Total delphinidin anthocyanins(mg/kg)	256.636±6.055^b	303.627±7.382^a
甲基花翠素类花色苷Petunidin anthocyanins(mg/kg)	80.328±2.032^b	104.940±3.039^a
甲基花翠素丙二酰化类花色苷Petunidin malonyl anthocyanins(mg/kg)	0.058±0.004^a	0.063±0.001^a
甲基花翠素香豆酰化类花色苷Petunidin coumaryl anthocyanins(mg/kg)	0.293±0.021^a	0.303±0.035^a
总甲基花翠素类花色苷Total petunidin anthocyanins(mg/kg)	80.679±2.056^b	105.305±3.075^a
二甲基花翠素类花色苷Malvidin anthocyanins(mg/kg)	408.742±3.664^a	374.115±14.826^b
二甲基花翠素丙二酰化类花色苷Malvidin malonyl anthocyanins(mg/kg)	5.513±0.256^a	4.873±0.410^a
二甲基花翠素乙酰化类花色苷Malvidin acetyl anthocyanins(mg/kg)	0.471±0.099^a	0.387±0.067^a
总二甲基花翠素类花色苷Total malvidin anthocyanins(mg/kg)	414.726±5.699^a	379.375±7.303^b
花葵素类花色苷Pelnidin anthocyanins(mg/kg)	0.471±0.105^b	0.810±0.012^a
花葵素丙二酰化类花色苷Pelnidin malonyl anthocyanins(mg/kg)	0.001±0.000^a	0.001±0.000^a
总花葵素类花色苷Total pelnidin anthocyanins(mg/kg)	0.472±0.105^b	0.811±0.021^a
总花色苷Total anthocyanins(mg/kg)	795.128±15.98^b	841.202±27.68^a
总3'-羟基取代类花色苷Total 3'-substituent anthocyanins(mg/kg)	256.642±6.054^b	303.635±7.381^a
总3',5'-羟基取代类花色苷Total 3',5'-substituent anthocyanins(mg/kg)	752.048±14.810 ^b	788.318±25.753 ^a
3',5'-羟基取代类花色苷/3'-羟基取代类花色苷Ratio 3',5'/3'	17.654±0.131^a	15.142±0.105^b
甲基化比例Methylation percentage(%)	67.054±0.223^a	62.832±0.066^b
酰化比例Acylation percentage(%)	9.280±0.235^a	8.901±0.230^a
总修饰比例Total anthocyanins modification percentage(%)	75.531±0.035^a	71.060±0.116^b

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